The document discusses India's monetary policy, which is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The RBI announces monetary policy twice per year to regulate price stability in the economy. Monetary policy aims to influence economic growth, employment, credit flows, and price stability through tools like bank rates, open market operations, cash reserve ratios, and statutory liquidity ratios. It can impact consumption, investment, exports and imports. Limitations include non-monetized sectors, non-banking institutions, and lack of coordination with fiscal policy. The current monetary policy rates in India are outlined.
The document summarizes the Reserve Bank of India's monetary policy tools and objectives. It discusses both quantitative and qualitative monetary policy tools used by RBI, including open market operations, bank rate, cash reserve ratio, and moral suasion. The objectives of monetary policy are outlined as price stability and achieving maximum output and employment. The document also provides an overview of how monetary policy can be used for countercyclical purposes to address inflation or recession.
The document provides an overview of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), including its history, functions, and monetary policy tools. It establishes that RBI was established in 1935 as India's central bank and was nationalized in 1949. Its key functions include acting as a bank of issue, banker to the government, maintaining foreign exchange reserves, and using various quantitative and qualitative tools to regulate money supply and credit in the economy. These tools include bank rate, cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio, open market operations, and selective credit controls. The document also briefly outlines RBI's monetary policies and targets from 2005-2006 and the current monetary policy.
The document summarizes India's monetary policy. It discusses the goals of monetary policy as achieving low and stable inflation while promoting economic growth. It outlines the various interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of India and tools used to regulate money supply such as cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio. While monetary policy can help reduce inflation and stabilize the economy, it has limitations in predicting inflationary pressures and ensuring long-term growth. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for monetary policy to support agricultural growth, infrastructure development, and other priorities to ensure inclusive development.
This document discusses monetary policy and how it is used by central banks to control the supply of money and achieve goals such as price stability. It describes expansionary and contractionary monetary policy and how central banks use tools like open market operations and adjusting required reserve ratios. Open market operations work by buying or selling government bonds to commercial banks and the public to increase or decrease bank reserves and the overall money supply. The goals of monetary policy are outlined as price stability, high employment, economic growth, stability of financial markets, and stability in foreign exchange markets.
Monetary policy aims to control the money supply and interest rates to promote economic growth and stability. The objectives of monetary policy differ for developed and underdeveloped countries. Underdeveloped countries aim to achieve full employment and economic growth, while developed countries focus on high demand without inflation. Monetary policy tools include open market operations, required reserves, and interest rates. Central banks target variables like money supply and interest rates to indirectly influence macroeconomic goals like inflation and growth. The State Bank of Pakistan has utilized tight and easy monetary stances over the years in response to economic conditions, aiming to balance objectives like inflation, growth, and stability.
The document provides information about the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), including that it was established in 1935, initially as a privately owned bank in Calcutta. It summarizes that the RBI was nationalized in 1949 and moved to Mumbai in 1937. It also outlines the RBI's roles such as being the banker to the government, controlling credit and money supply through various quantitative and qualitative tools to influence inflation and economic growth.
The Reserve Bank of India uses various monetary policy instruments to achieve its objectives of price stability and economic growth. These include varying reserve ratios like the cash reserve ratio, using open market operations to purchase and sell government securities, and adjusting policy rates like the discount rate. The ultimate goals of monetary policy are to influence total spending, inflation, and other macroeconomic indicators through acting on monetary aggregates and interest rates. In recent decades, the RBI's monetary policy has focused on stabilizing inflation and liberalizing the economy.
The document discusses India's monetary policy, which is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The RBI announces monetary policy twice per year to regulate price stability in the economy. Monetary policy aims to influence economic growth, employment, credit flows, and price stability through tools like bank rates, open market operations, cash reserve ratios, and statutory liquidity ratios. It can impact consumption, investment, exports and imports. Limitations include non-monetized sectors, non-banking institutions, and lack of coordination with fiscal policy. The current monetary policy rates in India are outlined.
The document summarizes the Reserve Bank of India's monetary policy tools and objectives. It discusses both quantitative and qualitative monetary policy tools used by RBI, including open market operations, bank rate, cash reserve ratio, and moral suasion. The objectives of monetary policy are outlined as price stability and achieving maximum output and employment. The document also provides an overview of how monetary policy can be used for countercyclical purposes to address inflation or recession.
The document provides an overview of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), including its history, functions, and monetary policy tools. It establishes that RBI was established in 1935 as India's central bank and was nationalized in 1949. Its key functions include acting as a bank of issue, banker to the government, maintaining foreign exchange reserves, and using various quantitative and qualitative tools to regulate money supply and credit in the economy. These tools include bank rate, cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio, open market operations, and selective credit controls. The document also briefly outlines RBI's monetary policies and targets from 2005-2006 and the current monetary policy.
The document summarizes India's monetary policy. It discusses the goals of monetary policy as achieving low and stable inflation while promoting economic growth. It outlines the various interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of India and tools used to regulate money supply such as cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio. While monetary policy can help reduce inflation and stabilize the economy, it has limitations in predicting inflationary pressures and ensuring long-term growth. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for monetary policy to support agricultural growth, infrastructure development, and other priorities to ensure inclusive development.
This document discusses monetary policy and how it is used by central banks to control the supply of money and achieve goals such as price stability. It describes expansionary and contractionary monetary policy and how central banks use tools like open market operations and adjusting required reserve ratios. Open market operations work by buying or selling government bonds to commercial banks and the public to increase or decrease bank reserves and the overall money supply. The goals of monetary policy are outlined as price stability, high employment, economic growth, stability of financial markets, and stability in foreign exchange markets.
Monetary policy aims to control the money supply and interest rates to promote economic growth and stability. The objectives of monetary policy differ for developed and underdeveloped countries. Underdeveloped countries aim to achieve full employment and economic growth, while developed countries focus on high demand without inflation. Monetary policy tools include open market operations, required reserves, and interest rates. Central banks target variables like money supply and interest rates to indirectly influence macroeconomic goals like inflation and growth. The State Bank of Pakistan has utilized tight and easy monetary stances over the years in response to economic conditions, aiming to balance objectives like inflation, growth, and stability.
The document provides information about the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), including that it was established in 1935, initially as a privately owned bank in Calcutta. It summarizes that the RBI was nationalized in 1949 and moved to Mumbai in 1937. It also outlines the RBI's roles such as being the banker to the government, controlling credit and money supply through various quantitative and qualitative tools to influence inflation and economic growth.
The Reserve Bank of India uses various monetary policy instruments to achieve its objectives of price stability and economic growth. These include varying reserve ratios like the cash reserve ratio, using open market operations to purchase and sell government securities, and adjusting policy rates like the discount rate. The ultimate goals of monetary policy are to influence total spending, inflation, and other macroeconomic indicators through acting on monetary aggregates and interest rates. In recent decades, the RBI's monetary policy has focused on stabilizing inflation and liberalizing the economy.
This document discusses monetary policy in India and the tools used by the Reserve Bank of India to regulate monetary policy. It provides background on the governor of RBI and defines monetary policy. It then outlines the objectives of monetary policy in India and describes various quantitative and qualitative measures used by RBI to achieve its objectives, including repo rate, reverse repo rate, bank rate, open market operations, cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio, moral suasion, direct action, and regulation of consumer credit. It provides current rates for some of these measures and discusses corrective steps taken by RBI to stabilize the exchange rate of the Indian rupee.
The document provides an overview of monetary policy in India as conducted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It discusses the objectives of monetary policy such as maintaining price stability and economic growth. The key tools and instruments of monetary policy discussed include both quantitative methods (e.g. bank rate policy, open market operations, reserve requirements) and qualitative methods (e.g. margin requirements, credit directives, rationing). The effectiveness and limitations of these different policy tools are also outlined.
Monetary policy uses tools like interest rates and money supply to influence economic outcomes like growth, inflation, exchange rates, and unemployment. The objectives of monetary policy are price stability, credit availability, exchange rate stability, full employment, and high economic growth. The tools available to central banks include open market operations, changing reserve requirements, and setting bank interest rates like the discount rate. How monetary policy works is by influencing the cost of borrowing - lower rates encourage more spending, saving, and investment in assets like property and stocks.
This document provides an overview of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It discusses the RBI's history, governance structure, key roles as the central bank and monetary authority of India including regulating the financial system, managing foreign exchange and currency, and its developmental functions. The document also outlines the RBI's objectives in being established, its subsidiaries, and instruments used for credit control.
The objectives of monetary policy are: 1) economic growth through proper utilization of resources and increasing income and living standards, 2) exchange stability by adjusting exchange rates to achieve a favorable balance of payments, and 3) price stability to improve confidence and ensure equal distribution of income and wealth. Other objectives include attaining full employment, controlling credit, reducing income and wealth inequalities, and creating/expanding financial institutions to mobilize savings.
The Reserve Bank of India kept key policy rates unchanged but revised GDP growth and inflation targets downwards. GDP growth for FY2009 was lowered to 7% with a downward bias from the previous target of 7.5-8%. Inflation target for FY2009 was set below 3%, down from below 7% previously. The RBI said it would maintain adequate liquidity levels and take actions to minimize the impact of the global financial crisis on the Indian economy.
This document provides an overview of monetary policy, including its definition, objectives, tools, and role in economic growth. Monetary policy is defined as the process by which a central bank controls the supply of money in an economy, often targeting interest rates to promote growth and stability. The major objectives of monetary policy are price stability, economic growth, and stable exchange rates. The key tools of monetary policy are open market operations, bank rates, cash reserve ratios, and credit controls. Monetary policy aims to influence aggregate demand and output through expanding or contracting the money supply.
The document discusses monetary policy tools and their effects. It begins by outlining the Federal Reserve's main tools: open market operations, the reserve requirement, and the discount rate. It then explains how open market operations work to expand or contract the money supply by purchasing or selling bonds. The document also discusses quantitative easing and how it was used during the Great Recession. It analyzes the short-run effects of expansionary and contractionary monetary policy on real GDP, unemployment, and inflation. Finally, it notes limitations to monetary policy, including its lack of long-run effects as prices adjust and how expectations and behavior can reduce its impact.
The Reserve Bank of India sets key interest rates like the repo rate, reverse repo rate, bank rate, and marginal standing facility (MSF) rate to influence monetary policy. Currently, the repo rate is 8%, reverse repo rate is 9%, bank rate is 9%, MSF is 9%, cash reserve ratio (CRR) is 4%, and standing lending facility (SLF) is 22%.
Change in monetary policy last 5 years in Bangladesh Ifte Tanim
The document summarizes Bangladesh's monetary policy over the past 5 years from 2011-2014. It discusses the objectives, approaches and impacts of monetary policy during each 6-month period. The objectives varied between being expansionary to support growth and being restrictive to control inflation. Key approaches involved targeting money supply growth and adjusting policy rates. Impacts included changes in GDP growth, inflation rates, credit growth, exports and imports. Monetary targets were regularly adjusted based on economic conditions.
The document summarizes key aspects of foreign exchange management in India. It discusses the Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999, which consolidated and amended previous laws relating to foreign exchange. The Act aims to facilitate external trade and payments while promoting an orderly foreign exchange market. It also classifies foreign exchange transactions into capital account and current account categories. The document also briefly outlines factors that affect foreign exchange rates such as economic fundamentals, politics, speculation, and monetary policies. Furthermore, it mentions some methods of determining exchange rates including balance of payments, demand and supply, purchasing power parity, and interest rates.
The Reserve Bank of India kept its key policy rates unchanged at its mid-quarter monetary policy review on December 18, 2013. The RBI decided to keep the repo rate at 7.75% and cash reserve ratio for banks at 4% despite recent increases in consumer and wholesale inflation. The RBI felt it prudent to wait for more economic data before taking any reactive policy actions given the long lag between monetary actions and their impact. The stable interest rates should benefit the financial and infrastructure sectors in the long run, but the RBI may tighten policy if upcoming data does not show improvement in growth and inflation.
Roger gomes monetary policies-its objective , meaning and defenitionRoger Gomes
A presentation done as a part of the course industrial Economics and Telecom Regulation during Semester 6 of the 4 year under graduate degree course in engineering
This presentation describes all the aspects related to the Monetary policies adopted by the Reserve bank of India(RBI)
The document discusses the RBI's monetary policy stance and tools. It notes that over the last 10 years, the RBI has alternated between monetary easing and tightening phases in response to inflation and growth trends. Currently, the RBI has raised interest rates in recent months but inflation remains high due to external factors like fuel prices and a falling rupee. While tightening was intended to curb inflation, forecasters have revised GDP growth estimates downward, suggesting the current approach may not be effective given the nature of inflation pressures.
The document discusses monetary policy and fiscal policy in India. It defines monetary policy as the regulation of money supply and credit availability by the Reserve Bank of India. The key tools of monetary policy mentioned are interest rates, cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio, open market operations, and moral suasion. Fiscal policy is defined as the use of government spending and taxation to influence economic activity. The goal of both policies is to promote economic growth and stability while maintaining price stability and low unemployment. The document provides details on the current rates and targets of various monetary policy tools in India.
The document discusses the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It outlines the objectives of monetary policy such as economic growth, price stability, and full employment. It also discusses the various tools and techniques used by RBI to influence the money supply, including bank rate, open market operations, variable reserve requirements, and selective credit control methods. These include tools like margin requirements, consumer credit regulation, and moral suasion. The effectiveness of monetary policy can be limited by factors like an unorganized money market and linkages with fiscal policy. RBI pursues the goal of "growth with price stability" and uses various policy rates and reserve requirements to regulate monetary conditions in India.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central banking institution that controls monetary policy and was nationalized in 1949. It plays an important role in the country's development strategy. The RBI uses various tools like the bank rate, cash reserve ratio (CRR), statutory liquidity ratio (SLR), repo rate, and reverse repo rate to regulate liquidity in the banking system and influence interest rates. These rates have all been decreased in recent times to make borrowing cheaper for banks and increase monetary supply.
This document summarizes a study on the Indian power sector. It covers key topics like generation capacity and sources, demand and supply, electricity demand forecasting, transmission infrastructure and reforms, distribution challenges like tariffs and losses, and reforms implemented over time. It also briefly profiles 5 major companies in the industry like NTPC, Reliance Infrastructure, Tata Power and Power Grid Corporation of India. In conclusion, it discusses the impact of regulations by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission on central players in the power sector.
The document discusses organizational conflict detected at a company through an employee survey. There was conflict between frontline staff and managers due to clashes in values and interests, perceptions, and a poor reward system. The survey identified task conflict around logical support systems, data requirements, and process conflicts within the matrix structure. The document proposes solutions to overcome the root causes of conflict, including a point system to reward creativity, with belts awarded for points accrued, and substantial preliminary rewards for successful ideas.
This document discusses monetary policy in India and the tools used by the Reserve Bank of India to regulate monetary policy. It provides background on the governor of RBI and defines monetary policy. It then outlines the objectives of monetary policy in India and describes various quantitative and qualitative measures used by RBI to achieve its objectives, including repo rate, reverse repo rate, bank rate, open market operations, cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio, moral suasion, direct action, and regulation of consumer credit. It provides current rates for some of these measures and discusses corrective steps taken by RBI to stabilize the exchange rate of the Indian rupee.
The document provides an overview of monetary policy in India as conducted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It discusses the objectives of monetary policy such as maintaining price stability and economic growth. The key tools and instruments of monetary policy discussed include both quantitative methods (e.g. bank rate policy, open market operations, reserve requirements) and qualitative methods (e.g. margin requirements, credit directives, rationing). The effectiveness and limitations of these different policy tools are also outlined.
Monetary policy uses tools like interest rates and money supply to influence economic outcomes like growth, inflation, exchange rates, and unemployment. The objectives of monetary policy are price stability, credit availability, exchange rate stability, full employment, and high economic growth. The tools available to central banks include open market operations, changing reserve requirements, and setting bank interest rates like the discount rate. How monetary policy works is by influencing the cost of borrowing - lower rates encourage more spending, saving, and investment in assets like property and stocks.
This document provides an overview of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It discusses the RBI's history, governance structure, key roles as the central bank and monetary authority of India including regulating the financial system, managing foreign exchange and currency, and its developmental functions. The document also outlines the RBI's objectives in being established, its subsidiaries, and instruments used for credit control.
The objectives of monetary policy are: 1) economic growth through proper utilization of resources and increasing income and living standards, 2) exchange stability by adjusting exchange rates to achieve a favorable balance of payments, and 3) price stability to improve confidence and ensure equal distribution of income and wealth. Other objectives include attaining full employment, controlling credit, reducing income and wealth inequalities, and creating/expanding financial institutions to mobilize savings.
The Reserve Bank of India kept key policy rates unchanged but revised GDP growth and inflation targets downwards. GDP growth for FY2009 was lowered to 7% with a downward bias from the previous target of 7.5-8%. Inflation target for FY2009 was set below 3%, down from below 7% previously. The RBI said it would maintain adequate liquidity levels and take actions to minimize the impact of the global financial crisis on the Indian economy.
This document provides an overview of monetary policy, including its definition, objectives, tools, and role in economic growth. Monetary policy is defined as the process by which a central bank controls the supply of money in an economy, often targeting interest rates to promote growth and stability. The major objectives of monetary policy are price stability, economic growth, and stable exchange rates. The key tools of monetary policy are open market operations, bank rates, cash reserve ratios, and credit controls. Monetary policy aims to influence aggregate demand and output through expanding or contracting the money supply.
The document discusses monetary policy tools and their effects. It begins by outlining the Federal Reserve's main tools: open market operations, the reserve requirement, and the discount rate. It then explains how open market operations work to expand or contract the money supply by purchasing or selling bonds. The document also discusses quantitative easing and how it was used during the Great Recession. It analyzes the short-run effects of expansionary and contractionary monetary policy on real GDP, unemployment, and inflation. Finally, it notes limitations to monetary policy, including its lack of long-run effects as prices adjust and how expectations and behavior can reduce its impact.
The Reserve Bank of India sets key interest rates like the repo rate, reverse repo rate, bank rate, and marginal standing facility (MSF) rate to influence monetary policy. Currently, the repo rate is 8%, reverse repo rate is 9%, bank rate is 9%, MSF is 9%, cash reserve ratio (CRR) is 4%, and standing lending facility (SLF) is 22%.
Change in monetary policy last 5 years in Bangladesh Ifte Tanim
The document summarizes Bangladesh's monetary policy over the past 5 years from 2011-2014. It discusses the objectives, approaches and impacts of monetary policy during each 6-month period. The objectives varied between being expansionary to support growth and being restrictive to control inflation. Key approaches involved targeting money supply growth and adjusting policy rates. Impacts included changes in GDP growth, inflation rates, credit growth, exports and imports. Monetary targets were regularly adjusted based on economic conditions.
The document summarizes key aspects of foreign exchange management in India. It discusses the Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999, which consolidated and amended previous laws relating to foreign exchange. The Act aims to facilitate external trade and payments while promoting an orderly foreign exchange market. It also classifies foreign exchange transactions into capital account and current account categories. The document also briefly outlines factors that affect foreign exchange rates such as economic fundamentals, politics, speculation, and monetary policies. Furthermore, it mentions some methods of determining exchange rates including balance of payments, demand and supply, purchasing power parity, and interest rates.
The Reserve Bank of India kept its key policy rates unchanged at its mid-quarter monetary policy review on December 18, 2013. The RBI decided to keep the repo rate at 7.75% and cash reserve ratio for banks at 4% despite recent increases in consumer and wholesale inflation. The RBI felt it prudent to wait for more economic data before taking any reactive policy actions given the long lag between monetary actions and their impact. The stable interest rates should benefit the financial and infrastructure sectors in the long run, but the RBI may tighten policy if upcoming data does not show improvement in growth and inflation.
Roger gomes monetary policies-its objective , meaning and defenitionRoger Gomes
A presentation done as a part of the course industrial Economics and Telecom Regulation during Semester 6 of the 4 year under graduate degree course in engineering
This presentation describes all the aspects related to the Monetary policies adopted by the Reserve bank of India(RBI)
The document discusses the RBI's monetary policy stance and tools. It notes that over the last 10 years, the RBI has alternated between monetary easing and tightening phases in response to inflation and growth trends. Currently, the RBI has raised interest rates in recent months but inflation remains high due to external factors like fuel prices and a falling rupee. While tightening was intended to curb inflation, forecasters have revised GDP growth estimates downward, suggesting the current approach may not be effective given the nature of inflation pressures.
The document discusses monetary policy and fiscal policy in India. It defines monetary policy as the regulation of money supply and credit availability by the Reserve Bank of India. The key tools of monetary policy mentioned are interest rates, cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio, open market operations, and moral suasion. Fiscal policy is defined as the use of government spending and taxation to influence economic activity. The goal of both policies is to promote economic growth and stability while maintaining price stability and low unemployment. The document provides details on the current rates and targets of various monetary policy tools in India.
The document discusses the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It outlines the objectives of monetary policy such as economic growth, price stability, and full employment. It also discusses the various tools and techniques used by RBI to influence the money supply, including bank rate, open market operations, variable reserve requirements, and selective credit control methods. These include tools like margin requirements, consumer credit regulation, and moral suasion. The effectiveness of monetary policy can be limited by factors like an unorganized money market and linkages with fiscal policy. RBI pursues the goal of "growth with price stability" and uses various policy rates and reserve requirements to regulate monetary conditions in India.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central banking institution that controls monetary policy and was nationalized in 1949. It plays an important role in the country's development strategy. The RBI uses various tools like the bank rate, cash reserve ratio (CRR), statutory liquidity ratio (SLR), repo rate, and reverse repo rate to regulate liquidity in the banking system and influence interest rates. These rates have all been decreased in recent times to make borrowing cheaper for banks and increase monetary supply.
This document summarizes a study on the Indian power sector. It covers key topics like generation capacity and sources, demand and supply, electricity demand forecasting, transmission infrastructure and reforms, distribution challenges like tariffs and losses, and reforms implemented over time. It also briefly profiles 5 major companies in the industry like NTPC, Reliance Infrastructure, Tata Power and Power Grid Corporation of India. In conclusion, it discusses the impact of regulations by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission on central players in the power sector.
The document discusses organizational conflict detected at a company through an employee survey. There was conflict between frontline staff and managers due to clashes in values and interests, perceptions, and a poor reward system. The survey identified task conflict around logical support systems, data requirements, and process conflicts within the matrix structure. The document proposes solutions to overcome the root causes of conflict, including a point system to reward creativity, with belts awarded for points accrued, and substantial preliminary rewards for successful ideas.
3i Infotech is an Indian IT company that provides software products and IT services. According to its financial statements:
- Revenue has grown significantly over the past 4 years at a CAGR of 61% through both organic growth and acquisitions.
- Profits have also increased substantially, with net profit margin growing from 0.14 to 0.22 between 2007-2008.
- However, debt levels have also risen considerably to finance growth, with total debt increasing from Rs. 546 crores to Rs. 1225 crores.
- While growth has been strong, the company needs to improve its cash flows and working capital management to support further expansion in a sustainable manner. Tighter
- Domestic air traffic in India plunged 19% in September 2008, the fourth consecutive month of declines, due to high fuel prices and the global financial crisis.
- Load factors for all domestic carriers sharply declined, with Kingfisher Red seeing a 20% drop. Major airlines like Air India and Jet Airways cut 10-20% of capacity.
- Total passenger traffic in September fell to 2.6 million from 3.3 million the previous year. Airlines are reducing staff and routes to cut costs as losses may exceed $2 billion for the fiscal year.
The document discusses strategies for a construction company to achieve high and low compound annual growth rates (CAGR). For high CAGR, the company plans to diversify its order book through domestic and international projects, target high-value infrastructure projects, and move into new business verticals like railways and shipbuilding using cost management techniques. For low CAGR, the company will target higher margin projects through strategic tie-ups, innovative pricing strategies, and technology and design innovation at its research center.
The document discusses decisions around branding, products, pricing, and distribution for entering the Indian sports product market. It notes challenges in India around lack of professional sports culture, competition from non-branded producers, low purchasing power, and need for products suited to the climate and affordable prices. It suggests bringing popular brand ambassadors, diversifying the product portfolio, setting competitive prices, partnering with local brands, and supplying a wider range of women's products to overcome challenges in the Indian market.
This document contains the rules and questions from an ET quiz competition held on April 8, 2009 between six teams. It includes 5 rounds of questions on various topics like macroeconomics, domestic and international news, people in the news, and corporate deals. The final round is a rapid fire round where each team gets 60 seconds to answer 7 questions for points.
- Ramalinga Raju is the founder and former CEO of Satyam Computer Services, one of India's largest outsourcing firms, who committed one of India's biggest corporate frauds amounting to $1.3 billion by falsifying the company's accounts.
- It was discovered in January 2009 that for several years Raju had inflated cash and bank balances and profits and understated liabilities to cover up Satyam's real financial position.
- The fraud had severe negative impacts, including a massive drop in Satyam and Sensex stock prices, loss of customers, and damage to investor confidence in Indian IT companies.
1. The firm analyzed its sunflower portfolio including products Kent, Kepi, Keep, and Kely with their market share, actual costs, and gross contribution.
2. The firm initiated research in new Lomex technology, increased its sales force, and launched new Lomex products which made it a market leader.
3. Looking ahead, the successors will take over a strategically positioned product portfolio and increased stock prices, with estimated budgets, sales, and technical forces.
The document discusses the concept of quasi contracts under Indian contract law. It provides 3 key points:
1) Quasi contracts are not true contracts as they do not involve agreement between parties, but are treated as contracts by courts to avoid unjust enrichment.
2) The Indian Contract Act sections 68-72 cover specific situations that give rise to quasi contracts, such as supply of necessities, payment of lawful dues, delivery of goods by mistake.
3) Quasi contracts differ from true contracts in that they do not involve agreement or meeting of minds between parties, and courts impose fictional contracts in equity to ensure fairness.
This document provides an overview of judicial reforms in India from pre-British times to the present. It discusses the historical development of the Indian judicial system, the current structure, and various reforms that have been implemented since independence in 1947. Some key reforms discussed include establishing the National Legal Services Authority in 1987 to provide free legal aid, promoting Lok Adalats to settle disputes, establishing specialized tribunals, and efforts to reduce pendency through alternative dispute resolution methods and computerization. However, challenges remain such as high judge vacancies, low population to judge ratios, and a large backlog of over 30 million pending cases. Further holistic reforms are needed to modernize the system and ensure timely, affordable justice for all citizens.
The document discusses the global wind turbine market and Suzlon Energy Ltd.'s position within it. It analyzes factors like the financial crisis, growth opportunities in different regions, competitors, Porter's five forces, and Suzlon's business strategies, global expansion, challenges, and recommendations to address issues like transitioning to a global supplier and managing working capital.
Mark-to-market (MTM) accounting refers to valuing financial instruments based on their current fair market value. This caused problems for companies during the financial crisis as asset values declined. Companies holding foreign currency contracts had to record large notional losses as the rupee appreciated. Some companies postponed making MTM provisions which caused share prices to plummet. The government amended accounting standards to allow capitalizing some foreign currency assets and provide other measures to help export businesses during currency fluctuations. Companies with large outstanding foreign currency convertible bonds also faced significant MTM losses as the rupee depreciated.
1. Monetary
Policy
Group 5
Kapali 05
Prachi 16
Pankaj 21
Nikhil 28
Kedar 40
On Ali 52
Chandra 56
2. Macroeconomic Policies
Physical Policy
Fiscal Policy
Related to overcoming
Related to
specific problems of the
budget, government
economy
expenditure, taxation
Monetary Policy
Related to money
supply, exchange rate
control and bank rate
control
3. Fiscal Policy
Use of “Government Expenditure”, and “taxation” to manage the economy.
Purpose of Fiscal Policy
Stabilise economic growth, avoiding the boom and bust economic cycle
Variables affected by Fiscal Policy in the economy
Aggregate demand and the level of economic activity
The pattern of resource allocation
The distribution of income.
4. Physical Policy
Meant to affect only strategic points of the economy
Purpose of Physical Policy
Overcome specific problems such as pricing of particular
commodity, shortages or surpluses developing in the economy etc.
Variables affected by Physical Policy in the economy
Price and distribution of specific commodity
Investment and production
Foreign Trade
5. Monetary Policy
Regulation of supply of Money and Cost and Availability of Credit in the
economy
Purpose of Monetary Policy
Maintain price stability, ensure adequate flow of credit to the productive
sectors of the economy and overall economic growth
Variables affected by Monetary Policy in the economy
Interest Rates
Liquidity
Credit Availability
Exchange Rates
6. Monetary Policy – RBI’s role
Demand for Money Demand for goods/services
Ensuring price
Instruments such as stability and ensuring
CRR, OMO & Bank Rate savings
Control on money Control on bank
supply, velocity of credit when prices
circulation of money rise/fall
during inflation
7. Monetary Policy – Terminology
Inflation • Inflation refers to a persistent rise in prices
Money Supply (M3) • Total volume of money circulating in the economy
• Minimum rate at which the central bank provides loans to commercial
Bank Rate banks
• Amount of money that banks must set aside with RBI against their
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) deposits
• Percentage of bank funds to be maintained in government and
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) approved securities
Repo Rate • Rate at which RBI lends to other banks against government securities
Reverse Repo Rate • Rate at which RBI borrows from other banks
Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) • Capacity of bank meeting the time liabilities and other risk
Open Market Operations (OMO) • Purchase and sale of securities in the open market
8. Current Rates
Inflation • 0.27 (New low in 30 years)
Bank Rate • 6.0%
CRR • 5.0
SLR • 24.0%
Repo Rate • 5.0%
Reverse Repo Rate • 3.5%
PLR • 12.75% – 13.25%
Re/$ • 50.95
10. CRR Movement
Before 1991 Result
• Government raised funds below • Complex, distorted interest rate
market rate structure
• No depth in Government Securities • Adversely affected viability and
Market profitability of banks
• Regulation of deposit rates • Transparency and norms could not be
followed strictly
• Under developed financial
markets, Less financial instruments
availability
11. CRR Movement
Rise in CRR to control liquidity,
Boost Economy after
due to Heavy Capital Inflow &
2001 Slowdown /
to curb Re Appreciation
dotcom bubble
CRR Cuts to boost
economy after
Stable CRR from CRR hikes to
Sub prime loss /
2004 to 2006 curb inflation
Global meltdown
12. Inflation Movement
CRR hikes proved to
Uncontrolled Inflation despite Inflation Down on account
Be effective
Further CRR hikes of global credit crunch
To curb Inflation
http://www.rgemonitor.com/emergingmarkets-monitor/archive/200806/
13. SLR Movement
Stable SLR from
Banks to made available more funds
1998 onwards
& More Efficiency
14. Repo and Reverse Repo rates Movement
Repo rate reduction due to make
Increased rates to control the liquidity
credit available at cheaper rates
16. Forex Reserves Position
The Surge in Foreign Exchange Reserves
Sterilization / Selling bonds
& Buying dollars
www.rgemonitor.com/blog/economonitor/248231
17. Sterilization under MSS
Sterilization bonds under (MSS) - April 2004
Cap. Rs.700 Cr. In 2005 & 1500 Cr. In 2007
www.rgemonitor.com/blog/economonitor/248231
18. Current Global Scenario
18
Global GDP -0.6%
World trade
contraction by
Tighter credit
2.8%
Recession
Estimated PPP
Global Growth
Production
0.5%
Plunge
Demand Slump
Job losses
Aggressive and unconventional measures taken by
Governments and central banks
19. Impact on India
Money and credit market
Domestic
Banks
Local
Institutions
Domestic MFs NBFC
Re $
Financial Channel
21. Limitations – Monetary Policy
21
Cannot simultaneously stimulate economic demand to reduce
unemployment and restrain demand to combat inflation
Monetary policy is restricted by the impact of other government
actions, especially Fiscal policy, i.e. decisions about government
expenditures and taxation
Problems of an inflexible labour market, inadequate infrastructure
and, most important, fiscal policy whose discipline is open to
question limits the effectiveness of the Monetary policy
Monetary Policy cannot work in isolation!!