The document discusses how ransomware works by encrypting files on a victim's computer and demanding payment to decrypt the files. It explains the basic process of how ransomware encrypts files, displays a ransom message, and transmits encryption keys to the attacker. The document also provides examples of code that could be used to implement various functions required for a basic ransomware program, such as generating encryption keys, encrypting files, and displaying messages. Finally, it discusses techniques malware developers use to avoid detection by antivirus software.