The document provides an overview of the Android operating system, including its architecture, development tools, and application lifecycle. It describes Android's core components like the Linux kernel, libraries, Dalvik virtual machine, and application framework. It also covers the anatomy of application development using the Android SDK, emulator, and debugging tools like DDMS. In conclusion, it discusses Android's potential beyond mobile devices.

1. ANDROID OS Next Generation Mobile Computing 1/4/2010 Seminar By M.S.Rama Krishna(06-5A3)

2. OUTLINE 1/4/2010 2. ARCHITECTURE 3. ANATOMY OF DEVELOPMENT 4. APPLICATION 1. INTRODUCTION

3. What is ANDROID? Mobile Operating System based on Linux 2.6 kernel July 2005; Google acquired Android Inc. 5 Nov 2007; Open HandSet Alliance form Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile 12 Nov 2007; OHA released a preview of the Android os 21 oct 2008:Google relese all code under apache license Android is a software stack Operating System Middleware Applications Framework 1/4/2010

4. Android Features Application Framework Enabling reuse & replacement of component Dalvik Virtual Machine Optimized for mobile devices Integrated Browser Based on open source WebKit engine 1/4/2010

5. Android Features Optimized graphics powered by custom 2D graphics library 3D based on openGL ES 1.0 specification SQlite Structured data storage Media Support common audio,video and image format 1/4/2010

6. Android Features GSM telephony (hardware dependant) Bluetooth,EDGE,3G,Wi-Fi (hardware dependant) Camera ,GPS (hardware dependant) Rich Development Environment SDK include device emulator, debugger, memory & performance profiling , plugin for Eclipse IDE 1/4/2010

7. ANDROID ARCHITECTURE 1/4/2010 Fig. Architecture of Android OS

8. Linux Kernel Linux Version 2.6 as - h/w abstraction layer Proven driver model Security, Memory & Process Management Efficient computing resource management Stable and proven for mobile platform 1/4/2010

9. Libraries Written in C/C++ - System C Library( libc ) Surface manager - composing different drawing screens Display/Graphics( SGL )-for 2D graphics OpenGLES – 3D Graphics Library Media Libraries SQLite –RDB engine-light weight LibWebCore –web browser engine–embeddable web view 1/4/2010

10. Android Runtime Includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality- JAVA Every Android application runs in its own process Dalvik VM executes files in the (.dex) format Device can run multiple VMs efficiently 1/4/2010

11. Application Framework 1/4/2010 Enable applications access data from other applications Providing access to non-code resources Notification manager Content provider : Resource Manager : Window Manager Manages the lifecycle of applications Activity Manager :

12. Techniques for saving data SQLite Databases : relational database library for storing and managing complex data Files : you can create, write, and read files from the local storage or external media (SD Cards) FileOutputStream, FileInputStream, and Resources classes. 1/4/2010

13. The Dalvik Virtual Machine Interpreter only machine optimized for use on low powered, low memory devices like phones Dalvik uses the Java programming language but not the JVM Dalvik is not a Java virtual machine. It uses bytecode format called “dex”. 1/4/2010

14. ANATOMY OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT SDK Google provide 3 version Windows, Mac OSX and Linux. developer can use Android plugin for Eclipse IDE step1 :Decompose prospective application into following component Activity-visual user interface Intent Receiver-e-mail inbox Sevice –task done in background Content Provider-share some data step2 :Predefine all component in AndroidManifest.xml file. 1/4/2010

15. ANATOMY OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT There is the activity Creator script, which generates the following files and folders in your Eclipse workplace: - AndroidManifest.xml file - Build.xml – an ant file which is used to package an application; - src/ - source directory - bin/ - the output directory R.Java file created it index to all above file DDMS (Dalvik Debug Monitor Server) for debugging & testing 1/4/2010

16. DEVELOPMENT TOOL Android Emulator -A virtual mobile device that runs on our computer -use to design, debug, and test our applications in an actual Android run-time environment Android Development Tools Plugin -for the Eclipse IDE – adds powerful extensions to the Eclipse integrated environment Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (DDMS ) -Integrated with Dalvik -this tool let us manage processes on an emulator and assists in debugging 1/4/2010

17. Life cycle of application 04/13/10 MITCOE,Pune A foreground process A visible process A service process A background process An empty process

18. APPLICATION 1/4/2010

19. APPLICATION 1/4/2010

20. CONCLUSION Android is a disruptive technology, which was introduced initially on mobile handsets, but has much wider potential. 1/4/2010

21. References As the subject is quite new and there are no books and papers published yet, I wrote this report based on the information I found on these web pages 1. http://code . google. com/android/ - Google Android official webpage 2. http://www . openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open Handset Alliance webpage 3. http://en . Wikipedia .org/ wiki/Android_ (mobile_phone_platform) Wikipedia information 4.http://googleblog.blogspot.com/ - Official Google Blog 5.http://davanum.wordpress.com – Gtalk code example written by Davanum Srinivas Moreover, I found the interesting topics on Google Android browsing Google Groups,and, of course, using Google search by itself. 1/4/2010

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