This document discusses Indonesia's increasing usage of biodiesel fuel and the associated vehicle impacts and considerations. It notes that Indonesia is a major biodiesel producer and is pushing for higher mandatory biodiesel content in fuels, reaching 30% by 2025. This higher content poses risks to vehicles like filter clogging, turbocharger corrosion, and engine wear if vehicles are not compatible. Vehicle manufacturers may need to revalidate systems and upgrade components to ensure compatibility, which incurs high development costs. Recommendations include testing vehicles on different biodiesel fuels to evaluate impacts and changing materials to withstand fuel degradation, as well as more frequent maintenance to address issues.

1. Trend on higher biodiesel fuel usage in Indonesia
BIO FUEL CHALLENGE
and vehicle impact considerations
Rahmat Septriwan
Deputy Director – Product Engineering
General Motors Indonesia

2. NDA
Objectives and Background
Trend and Experience
AGEN
Impact
Recommendations
2

3. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
 Experience shared from GM Indonesia
 Explore local and geographical situation in Indonesia that influence
government strategy and trends in bio fuel usage
 Provide technical insights for industry practitioners to consider into
vehicle preparation and servicing
3Chevrolet Spin B20 Indonesia test drive 2014

4. BACKGROUND
4

5. GLOBAL TREND ON EMISSION & FUEL ECONOMY
Trend to reduce
exhaust gas
emission and fuel
consumption
More efficient
powertrains,
downsizing of
engine capacity
and clean diesel
http://www.globalfueleconomy.org/documents/publications/gfei_state_of_the_world_2014.pdf
and clean diesel
technology
Bio fuel content inBio fuel content in
diesel fuel to
reduce net carbon
emission – Lower
G H
(36)
Green House
Gases emission
5 http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v31/n9/fig_tab/nbt.2683_F2.html

6. GLOBAL TREND ON EMISSION & FUEL ECONOMY
Starting in Europe and spreading to other parts of the world, higher
bio fuel content in diesel fuel also pose economic opportunities
http://www.indexmundi.com/energy.aspx/?product=biodiesel&graph=consumption
6

7. INDONESIA CONTRIBUTION AND SITUATION
Al d j bi di l dAlready major biodiesel producer
in the world and second largest
supplier to Europe
http://mcgroup.co.uk/researches/biodiesel
Growing capacity for local and
export demand
Driving factors:
•High cost of fuel import creating
budget deficit
•Abundance of palm oil produce as
base material for both food and
energy consumptionenergy consumption
7
http://www.thecropsite.com/reports/?id=844

8. TREND AND EXPERIENCE
8

9. ASEAN TRENDASEAN TREND
check
9

10. INDONESIA GOVERNMENT PUSH FOR BIODIESELINDONESIA GOVERNMENT PUSH FOR BIODIESEL
 Roadmap for biodiesel mandatory content
Sector Sep 2013 Jan 2014 Jan 2015 Jan 2016 Jan 2020 Jan 2025
Transportation 10% 10% 10% 20% 30% 30%
Industry 5% 10% 10% 20% 30% 30%Industry 5% 10% 10% 20% 30% 30%
Power 7.5% 20% 25% 30% 30% 30%
Permen 20, 2014
 In Europe biodiesel content has only reached B7
 In the US B5 up to B20 biodiesel has been implemented for several
years, and GM has good expertise on B20 compatible diesel vehiclesy , g p p
in the USA
10

11. IMPACT
11

12. DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS TO VEHICLE
Potential degrading effects on
components due to incompatibility
d b d lit bi di l
DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS TO VEHICLE
and bad quality biodiesel:
• Filter clogging – oxidation of
biodiesel causing sticking
• Turbocharger corrosion higher• Turbocharger corrosion – higher
water content of biodiesel
• Fuel tank and lines degradation
– Peroxide / free radicalsPeroxide / free radicals
attacking elastomer & polymer
• Engine wear – oil dilution from
unburnt fuel
Other possible effect:
• Injector sticking – deposit from
unburnt oxidized fuel
12

13. IMPACT TO VEHICLE MANUFACTURER
• Revalidation of powertrain
IMPACT TO VEHICLE MANUFACTURER
• Revalidation of powertrain
system - dyno & vehicles at min
100,000km each
• Potential upgrade of components
hi ti t d d– more sophisticated compound
• Development cost – min. $1
million
• Lead time – 2 yearsLead time 2 years
Price penalty to customers
13

14. RECOMMENDATIONS
14

15. CONSIDERATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONSCONSIDERATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Product side:
Engine and vehicle level tests and validations – on fuel with FAMEEngine and vehicle level tests and validations on fuel with FAME
(palm oil based), possibly at worse oxidation tolerance level
Powertrain components materials changes – withstand hardening on
fuel lines, tank, seals, gaskets (polymeric & elastomeric components), , , g (p y p )
After Sales side:
Shorter service interval – maintain lubricant quality and filterq y
performance. GM high quality engine oil and fuel filter more frequent
replacement (<15k and <30k km respectively, but more costs to
customers)
dd l d d l f f l k fAdditional draining and cleaning of fuel tank as part of routine
maintenance, in particular for long inactive vehicles
15

16. THANK YOU
16