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RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION.pptx
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- 2. RADIOACTIVE pollution, likeany other kind of pollution, is the release of something unwanted into the environment and, in this case, the unwanted thing is radioactive material. Radioactive pollution can be defined as the emission of high energy particles or radioactive substance into air, water or land due to human activities in the form of radioactive waste
- 3. Sources of Radiation NaturalSources Cosmic radiation Terrestrial radiation Internal radiation Man-Made Sources Production and research of nuclear weapons Mining of radioactive ore Medical waste Nuclear power plants Industrial radiography (X-ray imaging)
- 4. Natural (Background) Radiation: Thisincludes cosmic rays that reach the surface of the earth from space and terrestrial radiations from radioactive elements present in the earth’s crust. Many radioactive elements such as radium 224, uranium 235, uranium 238, thorium 232, radon 222, potassium 40 and carbon 14 occur in rocks, soil and water.
- 7. PRODUCTION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS Radioactive materials usedin this production have high health risks and release a small amount of radioactive pollution. Nuclear Missiles
- 8. IF WORLD WARIII IS FOUGHT WITH NUCLEAR WEAPONS THEN WORLD WAR IV WILL BE FOUGHT WITH STICKS AND STONES - ALBERT EINSTEIN
- 9. MINING OF RADIOACTIVE ORES Miningthese involves crushing and processing of the radioactive ores and this generates radioactive waste which emits alpha particles Uranium mining
- 10. MEDICAL WASTES A numberof radioactive isotopes are used in medicine, either for treatment or diagnostics. These can be left to decay over a short period after which they are able to be disposed of as normal waste COVID-19 Wastes
- 11. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Nuclearpower plants under current standards produce little radioactive pollution due to safety precautions that must be adhered to. Accidents at these power plants can cause dangerously high radioactive pollution, such as in the case of Chernobyl, and recently in Fukushima of Japan.
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- 15. Effects Of RadioactivePollution The magnitude of the adverse effects largely depends on the level and duration of exposure to radioactivity Low effects cause mild skin irritation, vomiting, diarrhea Long term exposure have serious health effects, radioactivity rays can cause irreparable damage to DNA molecules and can lead to life threatening condition like genetic mutations Skin, Bone marrow are more sensitive towards radioactive emission and skin, lung, blood and thyroid cancer are common types caused by radiation effect
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- 17. Effects of Radiationon Plants Chromosomal aberrations, defined as visually observable changes in chromosome structure. Growth reduction, defined as a reduction in the rate of growth of organisms. Reproduction effects, including sterility, reduction in reproduction rate, and occurrence of developmental abnormalities or reduction in viability of offspring. Reduced seed germination. Mortality, including both acute lethality and long-term reduction in life span. Direct burn damage to exposed tissue.
- 18. MUTATED DAISIES FOUNDNEAR FUKUSHIMA EFFECT OF UV RADIATION ON SEED GERMINATION
- 19. Preventive Measures Fission reactionsshould be minimized Nuclear devices should be exploded underground Nuclear testing should be done in zero population areas Production of radioisotopes should be minimized Extreme care should be exercised in the disposal of industrial wastes contained with radionuclides In nuclear reactors, closed cycle coolant system with gaseous coolants should be used In nuclear mines, wet drilling should be used Nuclear medicines & radiation therapy should be applied when absolutely necessary
- 20. DISPOSAL OF NUCLEARWASTE Clearing nuclear waste is a complex and challenging process that requires careful handling to prevent environmental contamination and health risks. There are a few methods commonly used to manage and dispose of nuclear waste
- 21. Storage: One method isto store nuclear waste in specially designed facilities. Low-level waste can be stored in near-surface facilities, while high-level waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, is often stored in deep geological repositories DRY CASK STORAGE
- 22. Reprocessing: Some countries reprocessspent nuclear fuel to extract usable materials and reduce the volume of waste. Reprocessing, however, is expensive and has associated security and proliferation concerns.
- 23. Encapsulation and Disposal: Anotherapproach is to encapsulate nuclear waste in stable materials like glass or ceramics, creating solid waste forms. These can be placed in deep underground repositories, where they are isolated from the environment.
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- 25. BIOREMEDIATION • Bioremediation isa process that uses living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, or microorganisms, to clean up and remove pollutants, contaminants, or toxins from the environment. • It is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to mitigate the impact of various pollutants on ecosystems and human health. • Bioremediation can be applied to soil, water, and even air pollution.
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- 28. Applications of Bioremediation: •Oil Spill Cleanup: Bioremediation has been used to clean up oil spills by introducing oil-eating microorganisms into the affected areas. • Landfills: It can be used to reduce the toxicity of landfill leachate by promoting the degradation of hazardous substances. • Wastewater Treatment: Bioremediation is commonly used in wastewater treatment plants to break down organic matter and pollutants in sewage. • Mining Sites: It can be employed to remediate areas contaminated by mining activities, such as acid mine drainage. • Industrial Sites: Many industrial facilities use bioremediation to treat contaminated soil and groundwater resulting from chemical spills or leaks.