Radio programs can be produced in several formats - live, pre-recorded, or a combination. Programs recorded in a studio allow for supervision and control in a controlled environment, while outdoor productions require portable equipment and are done on location. Equipment used for radio production includes a mixer or control board, turntables, CDs, tapes, microphones, and music/sound effects. The production process involves pre-production planning, recording or organizing material during the production stage, and arranging the recorded material and adding post-production elements like sound effects in the final stage.

1. Radio Programme Production
Neelam Bhardwaj

2. Radio Production Format
 Radio Programmes are live
 Some radio programmes recorded first and
broadcast later.
 Some programmes are recorded outside locations.
 Some programmes can be live, pre-recorded or
combination of both
Continued

3. Recorded production allows supervision and control
Studio programme can be produced within the
controlled environment of an indoor studio.
Outdoor production is done either in field setting at
remote location
Stereo recording requires specially designed
microphones

4. Equipment for Radio programme production
 The studio desk includes mixer, console, or Control board
 Turntables
 Compact discs
 Audio tapes
 Music and Sound effects
Microphones
Unidirectional
Bi-directional
Omnidirectional

5. Music and Sound Effects
 Sound effects may be produced or recorded in CD or audio-tape.
 On Mic –A voice or character to be heard at a normal distance from a
microphone
 Off-Mic – When the voice to be heard as through coming from adistance or
from the back
 Fade-in – When the sound is approaching towards the microphone
 Fade-Out- when the sound is moving away from the microphone

6. Stages of Production
 Pre- production : Planning and development Stage
Deciding about format, time duration, logical sequence, Instruction and guide lines for the
programme
 Production Stage: Entire material for the programme is recorded or organized.
Positioning of microphones and selection of various sounds.
 Post production Stage: Arrange recorded material in logical sequence. Remove the
uninteresting material. Fit the material according to time slot. Use sound effects
creatively speed, music and even silence

7.  Logical sequence - simple to complex
 Extempore
 Intonation- intensity variation of sound(putting emphasis of certain things)
 How to take pause and when
 Continuity has to be maintained so that audience not feel bored.
 Script
 For rural programs Script should be in local language and dialect In simple words.
 Written in clear short sentences.
 We must try not to use technical and scientific words.
 Sequence of program should be logical.
 Language should be appropriate and neutral.
 Figures should be written in words.
 Starting line should attention seeker.
 Speak in an interactive manner.
 Speak according to target Group. And points should be in context To topic And must include take
away of topic at ends.
 There are various formats in different program like news, drama