2. Radiation therapy -
- is a method of treating patients with
malignant neoplasm's and some non-
tumorous diseases, which involves the
use of ionizing radiation.
- Ionizing radiation is a kind of energy
released by atoms in the form of
electromagnetic waves (gamma or X-
ray radiation) or particles (neutrons,
electrons, protons).
3.
4. Types of ionizing radiation
Gamma radiation is represented in the
form of gamma particles emitted by a
radionuclide source placed in a
special capsule.
5. X-ray radiation is obtained in an X-ray tube
Radiotherapy devices are used to
irradiate superficial and more deeply
located tumors
6. Electron radiation - flows of charged
particles: electrons, protons, neutrons.
The sources of particles are linear
accelerators
Linear electron accelerators generated
photons of higher energies and,
therefore, actually displaced gamma-
therapeutic devices, becoming the most
common radiation source
9. Methods of radiotherapy
External beam therapy are such
methods of radiotherapy, in which the
source of radiation is at a distance
from the irradiated surface.
10. Brachytherapy
- these are methods of radiation therapy,
when the source of radiation during
treatment is in proximity to the tumor or
in its tissue. intracavitary , interstitial.
11.
12.
13. Radiation Therapy Working
Group
Radiation oncologist
Medical physicist
Engineer
Radiation therapist (radiation
technician therapist)
Radiation safety officer
14. Components of a Radiotherapy
Department
CT, MRI-Simulator
Treatment planning system
Devices for position and
immobilization of the patient (blocks,
headsets, masks, vacuum bag).
Brach therapy equipment
Clinic rooms, beds
15. CT, MRI-Simulator
CT scanner is used to acquire a
volumetric CT-scan of patient which
represents the virtual or digital patient
CT simulation software provides
virtual representation of the geometric
capabilities of a treatment machines
16. Treatment planning
- is the process whereby the therapeutic
strategy of the radiation oncologist is
realised as a set of treatment instructions
together with a physical description of
dose in the patient.
17. Purpose of treatment plan
To deliver maximal dose for tumour
To minimise dose for critical
structures
To provide the best quality plan
possible for each individual patient.
18. Treatment planning process
Patient positioning and immobilization
The aim of immobilization and position of the
patient is to create certain conditions for the
patient's position during CT scans and the
entire subsequent course of irradiation
19. Position and immobilization of
the patient
Set up the patient in a special position
designed to improve the therapeutic
ratio and patient’s comfort
The purpose of an immobilization and
packing of the patient - creation of
certain conditions of position of the
patient during the CT-scan and all
course of radiation therapy.
33. Simulation
Data obtained by performing a tumor
contouring , planning systems
transferring to the CT simulator.
Simulator is called because of the
design and parameters of its tripod
device is very similar to the settings
for radiotherapy, but the X-ray
diagnostic radiation is used instead of
the therapeutic beam.
34. Simulation
The emitter is equipped with a marker of the
irradiation field and a light range finder.
In the diagnostic field, which coincides with
the therapeutic field, the irradiated
structures and the source-surface distance
are determined.
