radiation protection and formation of ozone layer by reducing pollution in atmosphere, This is done by using antipollution towers in atmosphere.

1. BASAVAKALYAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BASAVAKALYAN
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A
SEMINAR
ON
RADIATION PROTECTION
Presented by : Under the guidance :
VISHWANATH Prof . SHIVARAJ B
3BK14ME087

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS RADIATION
 SOURCES OF RADIATION
 TYPES OF RADIATION
 EFFECTS OF RADIATION
 BASIC METHODS OF PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION
 MATERIALS USED FOR RADIATION SHIELD
 ADVANTAGES OF RADIATION SHIELD
 APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SHIELD
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 Physical barriers designed to provide protection from the harmful
effects of ionizing radiations is termed as radiation shield .
 The fundamental to radiation protection is the reduction of expected
dose and measurement of dose uptake.
 Radiation is a form of energy that has always been around in nature
and will forever be the companion of human beings throughout life.
 radiation protection is mainly aimed at controlling radiation exposure,
while radiation dosimetry deals primarily with the measurement of
relevant radiation quantities especially doses.

4. WHAT IS RADIATION ?
 In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission
of energy in the form of waves or particles through space
or through a material medium.
 Radiations are formed due to unstable nucleus of atoms.

5.  SOURCES OF RADIATION
 NATURAL SOURCES
 ARTIFICIAL SOURCES
 Natural sources are naturally occurring souces such as
solar radiation, terrestrial radiation,cosmic rays etc.
 Artificial radiations are man made radiations such as X-rays
in medicines, nuclear power plant, electronic devices etc.

6. Radioactive
Waste
Radon
X-Rays
Consumer
Products
Nuclear
Power
Nuclear
Medicine
Solar Radiation
Cosmic Rays
Terrestrial
Radiation
Food &
Drink


SOURCES OF RADIATION

7. TYPES OF RADIATION
In general the radiation is classified into two categaries,
Ionizing radiation
Non ionizing radiation
 Ionizing radiation is the type of radiation that carries enough
energy to break bonds between molecules and ionize atoms.
Examples of Ionizing radiation are the gamma rays
emitted by radioactive materials, cosmic rays, and X-rays.
 Non-ionizing radiation does not carry enough energy to
break molecular bonds and ionize atoms.
Examples of non ionizing radiation are Radio waves,
Microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light.

8. TYPES OF RADIATION

9. EFFECTS OF RADIATION
 As the ozone level in the stratosphere are depleted , more solar
radiation penetrates the earth’s atmosphere.
 This effect results in an increase in solar radiation reaching earth
surface adding to an increase in surface temperature.
 Hence solar radiations such as UV radiation which is harmfull to
living organisms.

10. Ozone layar depletion

11.  Effects of radiation on human body from nuclear fallout
 Nuclear fallout poses health dangers, particularly in the form of
cancer, to humans in the form of radiation. When radioactive
chemicals break down they release a certain amount of radiation.
 When humans are exposed to this radiation there is a risk that it
causes chemical changes in cells which can kill or makes cells
abnormal.

12. Effects of radiation in space
 Space Radiation is one of the main health hazards of spaceflight. It is
dangerous because it has sufficient energy to change or break DNA
molecules, which can damage or kill a cell. This can lead to health
problems ranging from acute effects to long term effects.

13. EFFECTS OF RADIATION
 Effects of mobile radiation

14. Basic Methods of protection Against Exposure to
Ionizing Radiation
 There are three general guidelines for controlling exposure to ionizing
radiation:
 minimizing exposure time,
 maximizing distance from the radiation source,
 shielding yourself from the radiation source

15. Time
 Time is an important factor in limiting exposure to the
public and to radiological emergency responders.
 The amount of radiation exposure increases and decreases
with the time people spend near the source of radiation
 Distance
 Distance can be used to reduce exposure. The farther away
people are from a radiation source, the less their exposure.
 Doubling the distance from a point source of radiation
decreases the exposure rate to 1/4 the original exposure rate.

16.  Distance

17. SHIELDING
 Shielding is the placement of an “absorber” between you
and the radiation source.
 An absorber is a material that reduces radiation from the radiation
source to you.
 Alpha, beta, or gamma radiation can all be stopped by different
thicknesses of absorbers.
 Shielding material can include barrels, boards, vehicles, buildings,
gravel, water, lead or whatever else is immediately available.

18.  Materials used for radiation shield

19. ANTI POLLUTION TOWER
 The anti-pollution tower is fitted with exhaust fans to suck in polluted
air. A machine inside the tower then removes nearly 90% of the
particulate matter, helping to bring down pollution levels and spews
fresh air out.
 This reduces CFC content in atmosphere which in tern reduces the
ozone depletion.

20. Formation of ozone layar

21. Advantages of radiation shield
 Promoting public understanding and awareness of radiation
risk.
 Development of recognized training programmers for
radiation protection professionals, and the promotion of a
good radiation protection culture.
 Improving understanding of how radiation protection issues
are managed worldwide and in turn how individual
countries/regions can feed into and affect this process.

22. Applications of radiation shield
 Diagnostic imaging (including veterinary technicians and
assistants)
 Nuclear and industrial applications
 Radiation therapy
 Airline pilots, co-pilots and flight engineers
 Dental technicians

23. CONCLUSION
 There are many benefits to radiation protection
practitioners, employing organisations and society in
general from active participation in national/regional
Radiation Protection Societies.
 we can protect from the radiation by using different types of
radiation shield materials in different applications.
 The effect of radiation is not same in all fields it is different
in different areas depends on its effect we have to use
different shielding material to protect our self from the
radiation effects.

24. REFERENCES
 Brown NP. The lens is more sensitive to radiation than we had
believed. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:257.
 Merriam GR, Worgul BV. Experimental radiation cataracts—its
clinical relevance. Bull NY Acad Sci 1983;59:372–92.
 Minamoto A, Taniguchi H, Yoshitani N, et al. Cataract in atomic bomb
survivors. Int J Radiat Biol 2004;80:339–45.
 Nakashima E, Neriishi K, Minamoto A. A reanalysis of atomic bomb
cataract data, 2000–2002. Health Phys 2006;90:154–60.
 Ainsbury E-A, Bouffler S-D, Dörr W, et al. Radiation cataractogenesis