The document outlines the differences between quantitative and qualitative research, emphasizing their objectives, question types, data collection methods, and analysis styles. It also provides examples to differentiate between the two research types and offers insights into qualitative research's ability to obtain culturally specific information. Additionally, it discusses various research topics suitable for analysis while highlighting the significance of both research methodologies in understanding various phenomena.

2. Review Time
Talkie Time: Research worth Sharing

3. Lesson 2, Objectives : The learner
4. differentiates quantitative from qualitative
research
5. provide examples of research in areas of
interest (arts, humanities, sports, science,
business, agriculture and fisheries, information
and communication technology, and social
inquiry)

4. Tell whether the following is an IP topic or not:
1. Effects of Typhoon
2. Digestion process due to exercise
3. sleeping patterns of birds
4. skipping rope
5. perception of Mandaya tribe
6. pin pricking effects
7. ticking of the clock
8. flying kites
9. wild berries ink
10. behavioral patterns
11. breast walking with music
12. breast walking in park
13. moon and behavior
14. bread and butter
15. grades and teaching

5. Let the students identify whether the following is a quantitative
or qualitative research:
1.Metacognitive skills 6. Stress level
2. love and hate relationship 7. Stressors
3.emotional quotient 8. Aggression-reaction
4.intelligent quotient 9. Technical skills
5. factors affecting drop out 10. Behavior pattern

6. What is qualitative research?
Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific
research consists of an investigation that:
• seeks answers to a question
• systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question
• collects evidence
• produces findings that were not determined in advance
• produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the
study
Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific
information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular
populations.

7. Qualitative Research
•McMillan and Schumacher (2003) defined qualitative research as,
“primarily an inductive process of organizing data into categories and
identifying patterns (relationships) among categories.” This definition
implies that data and meaning emerge “organically” from the research
context.
Also called : interpretive research,
naturalistic research, phenomenological
research

8. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• ‘Qualitative Research…involves finding out
what people think, and how they feel - or at
any rate, what they say they think and how
they say they feel. This kind of information is
subjective. It involves feelings and
impressions, rather than numbers’
• Bellenger, Bernhardt and Goldstucker, Qualitative Research in
Marketing, American Marketing Association

9. Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research
What are the basic differences between quantitative and
qualitative research methods?
Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ primarily
in:
• their analytical objectives
• the types of questions they pose
• the types of data collection instruments they use
• the forms of data they produce
• the degree of flexibility built into study design

10. General framework Seek to confirm hypotheses
about phenomena
Seek to explore phenomena
Instruments use more rigid style Instruments use more flexible,
of eliciting and categorizing iterative style of eliciting and
responses to questions categorizing responses to
questions
Use highly structured methods Use semi-structured methods
such
such as questionnaires, surveys, as in-depth interviews, focus
and structured observation groups, and participant
observation
Analytical objectives
To quantify variation To describe variation
To predict causal relationships To describe and explain
relationships
To describe characteristics of a To describe individual
experiences
population
To describe group norms
Question format
Closed-ended Open-ended
Data format Numerical (obtained by assigning
numerical values to responses)
Textual (obtained from
audiotapes, videotapes, and field
notes)
Quantitative Qualitative

11. Flexibility in study design Study design is stable from Some aspects of the study are
beginning to end flexible (for example, the
addition,
exclusion, or wording of
particular
interview questions)
Participant responses do not Participant responses affect
how
influence or determine how and and which questions
researchers
which questions researchers ask ask next
next
Study design is subject to Study design is iterative, that is,
statistical assumptions and data collection and research
conditions questions are adjusted
according
to what is learned

12. QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative
Research
Quantitative
Research
Type of questions Probing Limited probing
Sample Size small large
Info. Per
respondent
much varies
Admin Requires skilled
researcher
Fewer specialist
skills required
Type of Analysis Subjective,
interpretative
Statistical
Type of research Exploratory Descriptive or
causal

13. How do you apply The Research Thrusts of 21st
century
Health and Welfare Conservation and
Environment Safety
Food Production and
Sustainability
Culture and Arts
Social Awareness
Technology and
Development