International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PORTABLE DRILLING AND BORING MACHINEvivatechijri
In India, the growth of manufacturing depends largely on its productivity. Productivity depends upon
many factors, one of the major factors are the portability and compactness along with the manufacturing
efficiency with which the operations are carried out in the industry. Productivity can be improved by automation
of machines and combining the different operations in a single machine etc. Drilling and boring are the major
processes involves in manufacturing of most of the industrial as well as commercial products. In the large scale
industry for performing the drilling and boring operations special, heavy duty machines are used but the down
side of this machines are high initial as well as maintenance cost, large space, skilled workers etc. However, in
case of small scale industry the scenario is completely different, because of lack of space, low capital investment,
unskilled workers etc. they cannot afford heavy duty machines. In This paper, a system is proposed to simplify a
drilling and boring operation by using a gear system and a simple mechanism incorporate in a single machine.
The aim of this paper is to generate a new concept to combine and perform drilling and boring operation
effectively and efficiently.
Microtechnologies: Past, present and futureendika55
Microtechnologies description: past, present and future
Mikroteknologien deskribapena: lehena, oraina eta geroa
Descripción de las Microtecnologías: pasado, presente y futuro
Microtechnologies: past, present and futureendika55
Microtechnologies description: past, present and future
Mikroteknologien deskribapena: lehena, oraina eta geroa
Descripción de las microtecnologías: pasado, presente y futuro
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PORTABLE DRILLING AND BORING MACHINEvivatechijri
In India, the growth of manufacturing depends largely on its productivity. Productivity depends upon
many factors, one of the major factors are the portability and compactness along with the manufacturing
efficiency with which the operations are carried out in the industry. Productivity can be improved by automation
of machines and combining the different operations in a single machine etc. Drilling and boring are the major
processes involves in manufacturing of most of the industrial as well as commercial products. In the large scale
industry for performing the drilling and boring operations special, heavy duty machines are used but the down
side of this machines are high initial as well as maintenance cost, large space, skilled workers etc. However, in
case of small scale industry the scenario is completely different, because of lack of space, low capital investment,
unskilled workers etc. they cannot afford heavy duty machines. In This paper, a system is proposed to simplify a
drilling and boring operation by using a gear system and a simple mechanism incorporate in a single machine.
The aim of this paper is to generate a new concept to combine and perform drilling and boring operation
effectively and efficiently.
Microtechnologies: Past, present and futureendika55
Microtechnologies description: past, present and future
Mikroteknologien deskribapena: lehena, oraina eta geroa
Descripción de las Microtecnologías: pasado, presente y futuro
Microtechnologies: past, present and futureendika55
Microtechnologies description: past, present and future
Mikroteknologien deskribapena: lehena, oraina eta geroa
Descripción de las microtecnologías: pasado, presente y futuro
ENRICHING CREATIVE ENGINEERING PRODUCTS AS HIGH QUALITY AND COMPETITIVE WITH ...AM Publications
Improving quality and competitiveness is the goal of every small and medium industry in the production of granite materials. The constraints of small and medium industries are (1) production process infrastructure; (2) the production process is not regular; (3) control of products that tend to be loose; (4) mindset tends to be short-term oriented; (5) product sales orientation limited to the local market.The research objective is to find effective and efficient machining parameters, analyze factors that influence surface roughness, and enrich the variety of creative product designs of marble stone materials. This study uses an experimental method approach which is a study to find the effect of spindle rotation variables, infeed speed, infeed depth on the quality of surface roughness by operating the CNC Machine Router 3-Axis. It was found that the the following parameters of the machine are cutting speed machining 30 (m / min), spindle rotation 12000 (rpm), and speed / feed rate 2000 (mm / min). Analysis of factors that influence the surface roughness of marble engraver the higher the speed / rate of infeed and the depth of infeed, the higher the surface roughness value of marble. Computer and engineering software applications are able to increase the variety of creative product designs.
Abstract 3D Printing is a process of manufacturing the product on the layer by layer. And it is best processes for producing a finished objects. It was started in 1980‟s with the invention of stereo lithography. It has gone through various ups and downs throughout its development and rejection of new technologies. In this paper, we h3ave summarized the printing of hollow compounds with different shapes. Applications of 3D printed hollow compounds are turbine blades, gears, disc brakes etc. One of the major application of 3D printing is hollow turbine blade. A turbine blade is the individual components. These are used to up the turbine section of a gas turbine. The blades must designed to withstand the high pressure and high temperature comings from combustor. These 3D printed hollow compounds has same strength as solid compounds when compared. Major advantages of the Hollow shaped compounds are heat transfer, low material cost. The aim of the paper is to reduce the cost of material and easy manufacturing of hollow compounds compared to traditional process and taken hollow turbine blade as example. Keywords: hollow compounds, 3D printing, turbine blades, Additive manufacturing.
PARAMETRIC DESIGN ANALYSIS AND FEA SIMULATION OF A CHISEL PLOW FOR AN AGRICUL...ijmech
CAD Software for the structural analysis is basically used for the application of CAD/CAM in design
optimization of tillage tools, which is based on the simulation method and Finite Element Method. The
various components of the tillage tools are simulated with help of actual field performance rating
parameters which are prepared by solid models along with actual boundary conditions. The planned work
outcomes of sufficient tolerance in varying the working parameters of Chisel Plow sections for ejecting the
extra weight in a solid section and also to increase the weight of plow for a consistent potency.
In this paper parametric study of two different kinds of Chisel Plow for an agriculture use in designing
from stress, strain, deformation and fatigue analysis has done. One is Old Chisel Plow & another is New
Generation Chisel Plow. The old working model of Chisel Plow is compared with new design parameters
with change of its geometry for the maximum weed exclusion efficiency by showing its realistic results from
the actual field performance.
We looked at the data. Here’s a breakdown of some key statistics about the nation’s incoming presidents’ addresses, how long they spoke, how well, and more.
ENRICHING CREATIVE ENGINEERING PRODUCTS AS HIGH QUALITY AND COMPETITIVE WITH ...AM Publications
Improving quality and competitiveness is the goal of every small and medium industry in the production of granite materials. The constraints of small and medium industries are (1) production process infrastructure; (2) the production process is not regular; (3) control of products that tend to be loose; (4) mindset tends to be short-term oriented; (5) product sales orientation limited to the local market.The research objective is to find effective and efficient machining parameters, analyze factors that influence surface roughness, and enrich the variety of creative product designs of marble stone materials. This study uses an experimental method approach which is a study to find the effect of spindle rotation variables, infeed speed, infeed depth on the quality of surface roughness by operating the CNC Machine Router 3-Axis. It was found that the the following parameters of the machine are cutting speed machining 30 (m / min), spindle rotation 12000 (rpm), and speed / feed rate 2000 (mm / min). Analysis of factors that influence the surface roughness of marble engraver the higher the speed / rate of infeed and the depth of infeed, the higher the surface roughness value of marble. Computer and engineering software applications are able to increase the variety of creative product designs.
Abstract 3D Printing is a process of manufacturing the product on the layer by layer. And it is best processes for producing a finished objects. It was started in 1980‟s with the invention of stereo lithography. It has gone through various ups and downs throughout its development and rejection of new technologies. In this paper, we h3ave summarized the printing of hollow compounds with different shapes. Applications of 3D printed hollow compounds are turbine blades, gears, disc brakes etc. One of the major application of 3D printing is hollow turbine blade. A turbine blade is the individual components. These are used to up the turbine section of a gas turbine. The blades must designed to withstand the high pressure and high temperature comings from combustor. These 3D printed hollow compounds has same strength as solid compounds when compared. Major advantages of the Hollow shaped compounds are heat transfer, low material cost. The aim of the paper is to reduce the cost of material and easy manufacturing of hollow compounds compared to traditional process and taken hollow turbine blade as example. Keywords: hollow compounds, 3D printing, turbine blades, Additive manufacturing.
PARAMETRIC DESIGN ANALYSIS AND FEA SIMULATION OF A CHISEL PLOW FOR AN AGRICUL...ijmech
CAD Software for the structural analysis is basically used for the application of CAD/CAM in design
optimization of tillage tools, which is based on the simulation method and Finite Element Method. The
various components of the tillage tools are simulated with help of actual field performance rating
parameters which are prepared by solid models along with actual boundary conditions. The planned work
outcomes of sufficient tolerance in varying the working parameters of Chisel Plow sections for ejecting the
extra weight in a solid section and also to increase the weight of plow for a consistent potency.
In this paper parametric study of two different kinds of Chisel Plow for an agriculture use in designing
from stress, strain, deformation and fatigue analysis has done. One is Old Chisel Plow & another is New
Generation Chisel Plow. The old working model of Chisel Plow is compared with new design parameters
with change of its geometry for the maximum weed exclusion efficiency by showing its realistic results from
the actual field performance.
We looked at the data. Here’s a breakdown of some key statistics about the nation’s incoming presidents’ addresses, how long they spoke, how well, and more.
My books- Hacking Digital Learning Strategies http://hackingdls.com & Learning to Go https://gum.co/learn2go
Resources at http://shellyterrell.com/emoji
Artificial intelligence (AI) is everywhere, promising self-driving cars, medical breakthroughs, and new ways of working. But how do you separate hype from reality? How can your company apply AI to solve real business problems?
Here’s what AI learnings your business should keep in mind for 2017.
Dynamic Analysis of Foundation Supporting Rotary MachineIJERA Editor
With the advancement of technology in the field of industry, high speed machinery has been developed. As the speed of machinery has increased, vibrations also increased. Machines transmit vibrations to the structure supporting them. Hence, it is important to design and develop such structure which sustains the vibrations of machinery. Hence, in this study it has been aimed to execute the study on foundations supporting rotary type of machine like blower. In this paper, the most important parameters like frequency and amplitude are considered while execution of analysis of machine foundation supporting blower type machine. This paper shows, better interface between foundation designer and machine manufacturer for better performance of machine. The design aids/approaches for foundation design is also described in this paper and an attempt has been made to study the dynamic behaviour of a foundation structure for blower type machine subjected to forces due to operation of blower machine. Two different types of foundations for Rotary type Machine that is Blower have been studied in this paper
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curvesIJERA Editor
Performance-based design, PBD, is gaining popularity and its concept hasbeen applied in many international
seismic building codes. In this research, five real structures designed according to the Egyptian Building Code,
which does not consider PBD, are considered and modeled in a three dimensional way using the software
SeismoStruct in order to assess their performance under expected earthquakes. The structures are 2-story, 4-
story, 6-story, 8-story and 10-story reinforced concrete framed structures. The structural system of these
structures is of the moment-resisting frame type, with and without shear walls. The structures weredesigned
under dead, live and seismic forces of “Zone 3” with a design acceleration of 0.15g.The models were analyzed
using incremental dynamic analysis, IDA, considering 12 real records of historical earthquakes. IDA curves
were developed for all analyzed models, considering four damage states. Fragility curves were subsequently
developed to provide an overview of the expected seismic performance of a typical low or mid-rise multistory
reinforced concrete framed structure in Egypt as designed in accordance with thecurrent Egyptian Building
Code.
Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curvesIJERA Editor
Performance-based design, PBD, is gaining popularity and its concept hasbeen applied in many international
seismic building codes. In this research, five real structures designed according to the Egyptian Building Code,
which does not consider PBD, are considered and modeled in a three dimensional way using the software
SeismoStruct in order to assess their performance under expected earthquakes. The structures are 2-story, 4-
story, 6-story, 8-story and 10-story reinforced concrete framed structures. The structural system of these
structures is of the moment-resisting frame type, with and without shear walls. The structures weredesigned
under dead, live and seismic forces of “Zone 3” with a design acceleration of 0.15g.The models were analyzed
using incremental dynamic analysis, IDA, considering 12 real records of historical earthquakes. IDA curves
were developed for all analyzed models, considering four damage states. Fragility curves were subsequently
developed to provide an overview of the expected seismic performance of a typical low or mid-rise multistory
reinforced concrete framed structure in Egypt as designed in accordance with thecurrent Egyptian Building
Code.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF WELDING FIXTURES AND POSITIONERSvivatechijri
In recent times, manufacturing industries have shown more interest towards Automation. In other
words, the industries today emerge with evolving technology. It is obvious that Industrial Automation streamlines
the operations in terms of speed, reliability and product output. In this thesis, welding fixture for two wheeler
steering handle is modeled using CATIA software, forces are calculated, and an analysis has been carried out in
the precisions placing of one circular component over another circular component during the welding process.
Welding circular rod over another circular rod, the possibility of maintaining the accuracy in placing of curved
surfaces is very less in the mass production. Here the difficulty is overcome by the new design of the fixture, and
the angle as well as the linear movements is maintained in the accuracy of 0.1 mm without any robots. In the field
of welding engineering where a consistently good quality, low cost with a maximum productivity is a must, this
accuracy canbe done by without automation. Welding fixtures are available in different size, shapes, materials
and mechanisms based on their need of operations. The precision of the fixture play a major role in the
manufacturing component. Batch production is the commonly used method in various small and large industries.
Welding a curved surface over an another curved surface is very challenging so is positioning the components.
In mass production, positioning a job takes significant amount of time due to manual process. To overcome this
challenge, theoretical approach has been carried out on the fixture like design fabrication and analysis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Designing Great Products: The Power of Design and Leadership by Chief Designe...
Q4201102123
1. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
Dynamic Analysis of Composite Structural System for Looms
Industry
Jigar K. Sevalia1, Ruchika S. Patel2, Neel H. Shah3, Akshay Agrawal4, Neha
Modi5
1
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology, Surat,
Gujarat, India.
2,3,4,5
UG Student, Civil Engineering Department, Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology, Surat,
Gujarat, India.
ABSTRACT
All the structures subjected to any kind of loads or displacement tends to behave dynamically. Thus the
structures are always under continuous loading. The industrial buildings have to support the machineries in
motion which are under high degree of vibrations. And so the design of base and the foundations of such
structures under vibrations are very important and need to be stable. Problems of dynamics of bases and
foundations are to be studied carefully, so as to understand the response characteristics of the power loom
industry structure. This is very important from the economic point of view as well as to secure the stability and
safety of the structure; dynamic analysis was carried out for Ground + One storey industry load bearing structure
using STAAD.Pro software. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the dynamic analysis of the
structure under vibrations caused by reciprocating type machines. This paper makes attempt to study the effects
of various structural parameters like Beam Size, Column Size and Storey Height and Wall Thickness variation
on Frequency and Displacement of the industrial building which in future will serve as guidelines to the
structural engineers and the industry people.
KEYWORDS: Looms Industry, Vibrations, Frequency, Displacement, Modes, Storey Height, Time History.
I. INTRODUCTION
With the increase in the industrialization,
there is tremendous increase in the usage of
machines. Looms Machines are one of the vital part
of the Textile Industry. The industrial machines are
needed to be accommodated such as they provide
best serviceability. The structural buildings
accommodating the machines are to be thus properly
designed such that there is no hindrance in the rate of
production. The Textile Industry is the biggest
industry in India and thus accommodation of more
machines are to be made. As we know, the Looms
machine in motions produces sinusoidal vibrations
which affect the stability of the structure carrying
them. The structures are thus to be designed carefully
so as to avoid the resonance condition. The high
operating speed of machines imparts vibration on the
building structure which leads to the development of
new branch of mechanics as industrial seismology.
K.G. Bhatia in his ISET journal, 2008
provided guidelines regarding the foundations of
industrial achiness and earthquake effects. Dr. B. C.
Punmia briefly explained elementary properties, soil
hydraulics, elasticity applied to soils, compressibility,
strength and stability, foundation engineering,
pavement design. Barkan D. D. has commented on
the behaviour of reciprocating machines and the type
www.ijera.com
of load it imparts to the foundation. Shamsher
Prakesh and Vijay K. Puri in their SERC journal have
given guidelines for foundation of machines
regarding the response of foundations subjected to
vibratory loads and also the classification of different
types of machines namely Rotary Machines,
Reciprocating Machines and Impact Machines.
Victor Wowk has presented his ideas on deciding the
strategy in analysing the vibrations produced by
machines. His strategy of analysis includes:
identifying source of vibration, calculating its
frequency and amplitude, analyse the severity of this
amplitude, adopt suitable corrective option. Booth J E
has given an introduction to physical methods of
testing textile fibres, yarns, and fabrics. Himanshu
Chaudhary and Subir Kumar Saha, dept of
mechanical engineering, IIT Delhi, in 2006 suggested
that the optimization of the design of carpet weaving
metallic loom can be carried out resulting in relative
light weight material thereby reducing stress and
strain on the beams and columns and also reducing
the cost. Jigar Sevalia, Sunil Kukadiya, Yogesh
Rathod, Sarthi Bhavsar and Gaurang Parmar, in their
international Journal of engineering research and
applications (IJERA) published paper making an
attempt to study the effects of various structural
parameters like Beam Size, Column Size and Storey
102 | P a g e
2. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
Height variation on Frequency and Displacement of
the industry building which will fill the lacunae by
serving as guidelines to structural engineers and
industry people. P. R. Lord and M. H. Mohamed has
provided guidelines for important aspects regarding
conversion of yarn to fabric, including of weaving,
winding and preparation, loom design and its
working, noise, loom developments. Varanasi Rama
Rao explained in depth the design criteria for
machine foundations and their Codal requirements as
per IS Codes. Fiona Cobb provides guidelines for
professional and student s of structural engineering
with combination of tables, data, facts, codes,
formulae and rules of thumb make. IS:2974 (Part I) –
1982 (Reaffirmed 1998) covers the design and
construction of foundations for machines of the
reciprocating type which normally generate steady
state vibration and is of a size for which a rigid block
type foundation is normally used. It also aids in the
guidelines that are necessary for the design and
analysis of foundations for reciprocating machines.
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II. METHODOLOGY
The methodology of this paper includes
reconnaissance survey, collection of necessary
machine data, preparation of drawing of industrial
floor plan showing machine position of existing
building using CAD Software, modelling of R.C.C
Composite structure of Ground + One Storey, using
STAAD.Pro, graphical presentation of results for
various mode shapes, frequency and displacement
with respect to various Beam sizes, Column sizes and
Storey height and wall thickness.
The structure has a 12 bays having plan
dimension of standard size 4.83 m x 38.64 m as
shown in the fig. 1 and 2. The foundation is assumed
to be resting at 3.0 m depth below Ground Level and
plinth level is assumed to be 2.6 m above ground
level. The floor heights considered in this course of
study are varying as it is described in the Table 1.
The dynamic analysis is done for Ground floor +
First
floor
with
12
bays.
Table 1 A Building Unit having various Parameters and their Sizes
Various Parameters
Sizes
Beam Size (mm x mm)
230x460, 230x525, 230x600, 230x675
Column Size (mm x mm)
230x460, 230x525, 230x600, 230x675
Wall thickness (m)
0.23 , 0.39, 0.45, 0.61
Storey Height (m)
3.2, 3.6, 4, 4.2
Slab Thickness (mm)
125
2.1 Shuttle Loom Machine Data
Size of Machine = 1.15 m x 1.89 m
Operating Speed = 60 rpm
Dimensions of Slay = 213.36 cm x 6 cm x 7.62 cm
Mass of Slay = 25kg
Operating Frequency = 2.67 Hz
2.2 Loads acting on the Structure
Self-Weight considering density of R.C.C. as 25
kN/m3
Water-proofing Load = 1.5 kN/m2
Weight of Floor-Finishing Load = 0.8 kN/m2
Live Load = 2 kN/m2
Weight of Machine = 9.8 kN
Time History Load as a function of sine wave having
amplitude of 1.67 kN and frequency of 2.67Hz
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Fig. 1 Front Elevation of Loom Industry
TYPICAL GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TYPICAL FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Fig.2 Typical Floor Plan of Looms Industry of Ground Floor and First Floor
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Fig. 3 3D View of a Building Structure Model for Looms Industry in STAAD.Pro
Fig. 4 2D View of a Building Structure Model for Looms Industry in Y-Z Plane in STAAD.Pro
Fig. 5 2D View of a Building Structure Model in X-Y Plane in STAAD.Pro
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5. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
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III. RESULTS
Beam Size
(mm x mm)
Wall Thickness
(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
230x460
0.23
0.39
0.45
0.61
0.23
0.39
0.45
0.61
0.23
0.39
0.45
0.61
0.23
0.39
0.45
0.61
1.766
2.076
2.137
2.274
1.768
2.080
2.141
2.278
1.771
2.083
2.144
2.281
1.772
2.085
2.147
2.284
3.339
3.764
3.860
4.069
3.350
3.776
3.873
4.082
3.358
3.786
3.882
4.091
3.363
3.792
3.888
4.098
5.390
5.952
6.083
6.320
5.459
6.038
6.174
6.419
5.514
6.107
6.246
6.499
5.550
6.154
6.296
6.553
6.460
6.958
7.048
7.185
6.555
7.062
7.155
7.298
6.630
7.145
7.241
7.389
6.680
7.202
7.300
7.451
6.462
7.136
7.314
7.687
6.559
7.263
7.446
7.834
6.633
7.359
7.548
7.947
6.682
7.422
7.615
8.023
7.076
8.872
8.888
8.878
7.092
8.890
8.905
8.893
7.106
8.908
8.922
8.908
7.116
8.922
8.936
8.920
230x525
230x600
230x675
Frequency in X-Direction (Hz)
Table 2 Effect of Beam Size and Wall thickness on horizontal frequency in X-Direction
(For Column size 230mm x 460mm and floor height 3.2m)
Table 3 Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
Wall Thickness (m)
Beam Size (mmxmm)
230x460
230x525
230x600
230x675
0.23
2.053
2.023
2.001
1.985
0.39
1.460
1.434
1.413
1.399
0.45
1.347
1.322
1.302
1.289
0.61
1.137
1.114
1.096
1.083
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 4
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
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Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
106 | P a g e
6. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
8
6
4
2
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.7
Mode 1
Mode 3.
Mode 2
Mode 4
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.2mm)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Displacement(mm)
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Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.2mm)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig. 6 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction (For
Column Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
Similarly we derived graphical results for various Beam size, Column size, and Storey height and wall
thickness.
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
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0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 5525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
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7. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
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10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.2mm)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Displacement(mm)
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(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.2mm)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.23
Wall thickness 0.39
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.45
Wall thickness 0.61
(E)Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig. 7 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in XDirection
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 6000mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
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0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
108 | P a g e
8. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
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8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 4
Displacement(mm)
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.8 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
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0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
109 | P a g e
9. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
0
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 4
Mode 2
Mode 5
Mode 3.
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.2mm)
Displacement(mm)
6
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.2mm)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.9 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.2m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
Mode 1
Mode 4
Mode 2
Mode 5
Mode 3.
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
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0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
110 | P a g e
10. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Displacement(mm)
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.6mm)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.6mm)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.10 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction (For
Column Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
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(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
111 | P a g e
11. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
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8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.7
Displacement(mm)
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.11 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction (For
Column Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
0.3
6
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
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0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
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12. Displacement(mm)
Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
2
www.ijera.com
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size 230x675
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Wall thickness 0.23
Wall thickness 0.61
(E)Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.12 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction (For
Column Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
0.6
0.7
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
0.5
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
10
6
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
Displacement(mm)
0.4
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.13 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
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(For Column Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 3.6m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
0.3
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
Displacement(mm)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.14 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
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8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
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6
4
2
0
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 4
Mode 2
Mode 5
0.7
Mode 3.
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
Displacement(mm)
6
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.15 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction (For
Column Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
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8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 4
Mode 2
Mode 5
Mode 3.
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
Displacement(mm)
6
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 4
Mode 2
Mode 5
Mode 3.
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.16 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
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10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
10
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
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6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 4
Displacement(mm)
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.17 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.0m)
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8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Displacement(mm)
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 460mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.18 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
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18. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
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8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Displacement(mm)
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 525mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.19 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
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19. Jigar K. Sevalia et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.102-123
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
6
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Displacement(mm)
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
Mode 5
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 600mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.20 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
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8
8
Frequency (Hz)
10
Frequency (Hz)
10
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6
4
2
0
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
2
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(A) Effect Of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 460mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(B) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 525mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
10
10
Frequency (Hz)
8
Frequency (Hz)
4
0
0.2
6
4
2
0
8
6
4
2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
(C) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 600mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
Displacement(mm)
6
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Thickness of Brick Masonry(m)
Mode 1
Mode 4
Mode 2
Mode 5
Mode 3.
Mode 6
(D) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal
Frequency in X-Direction (For Column Size 230mm x 675mm,
Beam Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Beam Size 230x460
Wall thickness 0.23
Beam Size 230x525
Beam Size 230x600
Beam Size (mmxmm)
Wall thickness 0.39
Wall thickness 0.45
Beam Size 230x675
Wall thickness 0.61
(E) Effect of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Displacement in X-Direction
Fig.21 Effects of Beam Size and Wall Thickness on Horizontal Frequency and Displacement in X-Direction
(For Column Size 230mm x 675mm and Floor Height 4.4m)
IV. CONCLUSIONS
1.
For a particular beam size, column size and floor
height frequency of the structure increases with
the increase in wall thickness. For example, in
Table 2, for beam and column size both
230mmx460mm,and floor height 3.2 m,
frequency in Mode 1 changes from 1.766 Hz to
2.274 Hz for the change in wall thickness from
0.23m to 0.61 m. The reason behind this
behaviour can be explained as the increase in the
wall thickness makes the structure laterally
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2.
3.
stiffer and hence frequency of vibration increases
while the displacement reduces.
For wall thickness 0.45 m and 0.61 m, the floor
height should be 3.6 m or 4.4 m; so that
resonance condition could be avoided. Wall
thickness 0.45 m and 0.61 are not suitable for
floor heights other than 3.6 m and 4.4 m.
It has been found that in case of composite
structural system, mode 1 is critical from
resonance point of view i.e. fundamental mode.
All other modes of vibration are in over-tuned
condition as it can be seen in all tables.
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4.
From the Tables 2 to 33, it is evident that for a
particular column size, storey height and wall
thickness, increase in beam size leads to very
insignificant increase in frequency and decrease
in displacement. Hence, varying beam size
brings insignificant changes in frequency and
displacement. The reason behind this
phenomenon is that in composite structural
system, the frequency of the structure is largely
dependent on load bearing structural element i.e.
wall; and hence any change in the dimension of
beam is contributing very less to the frequency
of the structure.
5. From table 2, it can be seen that for column size
230 mm x 460 mm, and floor height 3.2 m, the
resonance condition is occurring when wall
thickness is 0.45 m and 0.61 m for any beam
size. Hence, it can be concluded that the wall
thickness 0.45 m and 0.61 m is not good for the
structural health of the building when the height
is 3.2 m. To avoid resonance condition, the only
one key parameter is helpful and that is floor
height. By providing height of 3.6 m instead of
3.2 m, the resonance condition can be avoided.
6. When column size is kept constant and beam
sizes are varying and vice-versa, a stage comes
when column size is equal to the beam sizes and
any further increasing of beam size or column
sizes, there is not much change over the dynamic
behaviour of the building.
7. In case of the floor height 4.4 m, resonance
condition is occurring in mode 2 for any size of
beam size, column size and wall thickness. It
indicates that due to increase in height, the
structure has become flexible and resonance
condition gets transferred from mode 1 to mode
2.
8. For any size of beam and column, as well as wall
thickness; with the increase in storey height, the
frequency of structure in any mode is reducing. It
clearly indicates that the increase in storey height
makes the structure flexible and hence,
frequency of vibration of structure reduces.
9. With the increase in storey height, the
displacement in X- direction is increasing
gradually for any size of beam, column and wall
thickness. For example it can be seen tables 2, 6,
10 and 14. It is very true that increase in height
of the structure makes it flexible and hence
displacement increases.
10. With the increasing wall thickness, the
displacement of the structure is reducing in Xdirection for any size of beam, column and floor
height. For example, it can be seen from table 3.
Due to increase in thickness of the wall, it
increases the stiffness of the structure and hence,
displacement is reducing.
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11. For a particular storey height, the frequency of a
structure increases by increasing the beam size or
column size, which in turn, reduces the
magnitude of displacement as seen from fig 7 to
fig 16. When the column sizes is increasing the
displacement trend is decreasing in nature. The
reason behind it is that the increase in column
sizes increases the lateral stiffness of the building
which reduces the displacement of the building.
12. From fig.6-(A),(B),(C),(D), it can be seen that
with the increase in wall thickness frequency
increases. From fig.6-(E) it can be seen that for a
particular beam size displacements decreases
with the increase in wall thickness. Due to
increase in thickness of the wall, it increases the
stiffness of the structure and hence, displacement
is reducing.
13. The percentage increase in frequency is less for
change in column size as compared to percentage
increase in frequency for change in wall
thickness. This is because the structure referred
in this project is a composite structure and hence,
change in wall thickness will have more effect
on displacement and frequency as compared to
change of column size. Referring Tables 2 and 4
and also graphs in Fig. 6 and 7 makes the results
more clear.
REFRENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
IS 2974 (Part I) – 1982, Edition 3.1 Indian
Standard Code of Practice for Design and
Construction of Machine Foundation.
Vijay K. Puri and Shamsher Prakash, 2006,
“Foundations For Vibrating Machines”,
Special Issue, April-May, of the Journal of
Structural Engineering, SERC, Madras.
INDIA.
Anil K. Chopra, “Dynamics of Structures”,
Prentice-Hall Inc, New Jersey, USA.
Barkan D. D., “Dynamics of Bases and
Foundations”, Mcgraw-Hill Book Company,
Inc.
Booth J. E., “Principles of textile testing”.
Cyril M. Harris, 2002, “Harris’ Shock and
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