Experts recommend that adults get at least 6 hours of sleep per night, while children need 9 hours, but many people do not get enough sleep. A lack of sleep can negatively impact children's daily routines and productivity in school. The brain is very active during sleep and sleep is important for the brain to function properly.

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Direction:
Each block represents a saying or well-known phrase. Identify what is asked in each block by
examining the graphic.
I’m in trouble. Cross roads
history repeats itself

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Sleep
Experts say that people (adults) need at least 6 hours
of sleep every night. If they do not get enough sleep they
will feel sleepy the whole day. Younger kids need at least
9 hours of sleep every night. After school – activities can
take away from sleep time for kids. Also parents with
busy life styles stay up late and their kids do the same.
Kids with little sleep have hard time sleeping at
night and this will affect their daily routine and make
them less active and productive through the day in school.
Most parents are not aware of what goes on
when their kids go to sleep and how the brain works
when we are asleep.
Many people think that the brain shuts down
when we go to sleep but it is the opposite. Experts say
that the brain is very active when we are asleep and could
be even more active than when we are awake.
Source:
Set B
This chart was created by the author.
Questions:
1. Between the two sets of examples, which would
you prefer more in understanding a text? Why?
2. What type of text is Set A? What about set B?

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• Are considered to be things that can be seen,
visible things other than printed words that are
used in a communication process and the term
“verbal” applies to written or spoken words.
• Tables and graphs are used to express ideas
creatively and to present information
systematically.

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Table A systematic arrangement or
grouping of related numbers
of words in rows and
columns so that their values
are easily seen. (Villain et al.
2003).
A table also permits rapid
access to and relatively
easy comparison of
information; it can show
trends- patterns of rising or
falling activity.

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Basic Types of Tables
1. General Purpose Table-
 this is an arrangement of the
broad area of data.
 Has no special analytic
purpose and is often found
in reports.
A good table follows specific guidelines:
1. It follows general construction lines.
2. It is easy to read.
3. Each column in it should have a heading, usually
in italics, with the initial letters of significant words
capitalized.
4. The source of data is indicated below the bottom
horizontal line of the table.

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Basic Types of Tables
2. Special Purpose Table
 helps illustrate a
particular phase of the
text and is usually
found near the text it
represents.

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. Graphics are illustrated visual forms that summarize information
and ideas through words, symbols, pictures, and drawings.
They serve as additional tools in learning, specifically in
comprehending and explaining complicated processes, concepts,
relationships, and others.
 Graphic Organizers- referred to as knowledge maps, concept
maps, story maps, cognitive organizers, advance organizrs, or
concept diagrams.

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I. Cause and Effect/ Problem- Solution diagram

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• Effect
poor academic performance, Aggressive behavior
• Effect
Community quarantine, loss of jobs to some people
• Effect
Isolation, anxiety, depression
13
a. Cause and Effect Chain
• cause
Social Media addiction
• cause
COVID-19 pandemic
• cause
Addiction to online gaming
among students

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b. Cause & Effect Diagram emphasizes the connection between
the different concepts. This is called the most beneficial
organizer. Since it can be applied to all subject areas.

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C. Problem-solution

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II. Classifying/ Clustering Diagram
Is useful in
brainstorming
activities or
organizing data
involving much
information.

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Branches of the
Government
Judiciary
Branch
Executive
Branch
Legislative
branch
web

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b. Classification table

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III. Comparing and Contrasting
Used to show facts
and opinions,
advantages and
disadvantages,
problems and
solutions, or the
causes and effects
of an issue.

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a. Venn diagram is a
diagram used to identify
the similarities and
differences
between two or
more concepts. It is
represented by two
overlapping circles.

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b. Compare and contrast matrix

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b. T-chart

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III. Sequencing
Used in summarizing
and analyzing an event,
process, or story.

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a. Timeline

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b. Cycle

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Pie Graph is a circular chart which is divided into slices or
portions to illustrate proportion.

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Line Graph is a common type of chart which displays the
information as a series of data points connected by line
segments to show trends.

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Task 2: Decipher and Decode
Directions: Each block represents a phrase. Identify
what is asked in each box.
Questions:
How did you get the answer to each box?
What helps you in understanding and getting the meaning of given texts?
Quite easy right? Let's have more exercises.

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Why do we need to learn visuals?

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References:
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1110079