The document provides 10 ways to achieve wealth, including having a long-term financial plan, not following crowd behavior in the market, avoiding speculation and margin trading, hiring a professional advisor, not letting emotions override logic, owning a diversified portfolio, and regularly updating your financial plan. It emphasizes the importance of long-term investing and avoiding risky behaviors driven by emotions or rumors. Diversification across asset classes is recommended to reduce risk and improve long-term returns.

1. TEN WAYS TO WEALTH Lon W. Broske, CFS

2. TEN WAYS TO WEALTH 1. Have a long-term plan to reach 2 your goals 2. Do not follow the crowd 3. Do not speculate 4. Do not buy stocks on rumor 5. Do not use margin

3. TEN WAYS TO WEALTH 6. Hire a professional financial advisor 7. Do not let emotion overrule logic 8. Own a diversified portfolio 9. Do not time the market 10.Update your plan every two years

4. Define Specific Goals Define Your Investment Objectives Know Your Risk Tolerance Build A Portfolio That Fits Your Objectives And Your Risk Tolerance #1 HAVE A LONG-TERM PLAN TO REACH MY FINANCIAL GOALS

5. #2 DO NOT FOLLOW THE CROWD Inflows of new cash into certain sectors are almost entirely driven by the most recent performance of that sector. The most common mistake investors make is to pile into “hot” sectors that have become extremely overvalued. Source: Morningstar, Inc. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

6. DO NOT FOLLOW THE CROWD The Morgan Stanley Hi-Tech Index returned 111% in 1999. In the first 3 months of 2000, investors poured nearly $34 billion into this sector. Result? For the 5 years ending 8-31-05, the Hi-Tech Index lost 89% of its value. Source: Commodity Systems, Inc., Lipper Inc., Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The Morgan Stanley Technology Index is unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly. 1999 was a period of unusually high performance for the technology sector.

7. HAZARDS OF CHASING PAST PERFORMANCE: Source: Commodity Systems, Inc., NAREIT Booms and Busts Examples of large variances from year to year Gold/ Equity Year Silver REIT Hi-Tech End Index Index Index 1993 85% 1994 -17% 1997 13% 1998 -22% 1999 111% 2000 -27% The Philadelphia Stock Exchange Gold/Silver Index, the Nareit Equity Index, and the Morgan Stanley Technology Index are all unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly. 1999 was a period of unusually high performance for the technology sector. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

8. #3 DO NOT SPECULATE “ Everyone knows that most people who speculate or gamble in the market lose money at it in the end. The people who persist in trying it are either unintelligent or willing to lose money for the fun of the game…In any case, they are not really investors at all.” -- Benjamin Graham R W = Q + T + D

9. #4 DO NOT BUY STOCKS ON RUMOR

10. #5 DO NOT USE MARGIN “What’s in Your Wallet?”

11. #5 DO NOT USE MARGIN “What’s in Your Wallet?” Borrowing money to buy stock dramatically increases your risk You have to pay interest on the money you borrow to buy the stock on margin A margin call could force you to sell your stock at a depressed price

12. Assume that shortly after Berkshire Hathaway acquired General Re in April 1998, a friend told you that “No one has ever lost money in Berkshire, and this is the biggest bet that Warren Buffett has ever made.” A Margin Horror Story

13. You decide to buy 10 shares of Berkshire Class A on June 22, 1998 for $84,000 per share-- an $840,000 total investment. Feeling confident, you decide to use 50% margin…. Unfortunately Berkshire declines to $40,800 by February of 2000. Unable to put up more margin, you are forced to sell. Your $420,000 investment is now worth ZERO. By the end of 2002, Berkshire recovers to $72,750, but unfortunately, you were forced out of your position.

14. #6 Hire a Professional Financial Advisor

15. WHY HIRE A PROFESSIONAL FINANCIAL ADVISOR? Quality advice can make a difference. To help you work toward financial security. To help you clarify your goals and identify your ability to withstand market fluctuations.

16. WHY HIRE A PROFESSIONAL FINANCIAL ADVISOR? To develop and monitor a diversified portfolio designed to help you meet your goals. To help you remain “on course” with your long term objectives especially in those times when it is emotionally difficult to do so.

17. WHY HIRE A PROFESSIONAL FINANCIAL ADVISOR? To help you get your financial matters in order so you are prepared for the unexpected. To help you maximize tax savings and take advantage of money saving opportunities. “Our job is not to make you rich, but to save you from becoming poor.”

18. What do each of the following have in common?

19. ANSWER: THEY ALL HAVE PERSONAL COACHES

20. A Professional Advisor’s Most Important Job According to University of Nebraska Sports Psychologist, Dr. Jack Stark: “ Behavior management is probably the most important element in the service that a professional financial advisor can provide for his clients.”

21. #7 DO NOT LET EMOTION OVERRULE LOGIC Do not let the news of the day distract you from your long-term plan.

22. The Cycle of Market Emotions Optimism Excitement Thrill Euphoria Anxiety Denial Fear Desperation Capitulation Panic Despondency Depression Hope Relief Optimism Point of Maximum Financial Opportunity - Investors Realize Investment Opportunity Point of Maximum Financial Risk - Investors Beware of Higther Investment Risk

23. Bear Markets May Provide Opportunity December 1957 43.4% 13.3% 12.8% June 1962 31.0% 14.2% 10.4% September 1966 30.5% 8.7% 6.9% June 1970 41.9% 9.3% 9.0% September 1974 38.1% 16.7% 15.6% July 1982 59.3% 29.6% 19.2% November 1987 23.3% 17.3% 18.7% October 1990 33.5% 17.3% 19.4% August 1998 39.8% 13.19 – Average 37.9% 15.8% 14.0% Source: Thomson Financial - Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Returns shown are for the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. The S&P 500 index is unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly. End date of Bear market 10 years later 5 years later 1 years later

24. S&P 500 vs “Panic Points” It is not possible to invest directly in a market index. Past performance is no guarantee of future performance. Since World War II

25. If, at December 31, 1925, you knew what was coming 1929 - Stock Market crashes 1933 - U.S. banks closed, depression 1939 - World War II begins 1941 - Japan bombs Pearl Harbor 1950 - Korean War begins 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 - Kennedy assassinated 1973 - OPEC oil embargo 1974 -Nixon Resigns, Watergate 1980 - Inflation rate rises to 14% 1982 - Worst recession in 50 years 1987 - Dow crashes 23 % in one day 1989 - S&L crisis, $500bn bailout 1990 - Persian Gulf War, recession 1997 - Asian financial crisis 1998 - Russian default 1999 - Clinton impeachment trials 2001 - Terrorist attacks on America

26. Stocks? T-Bills? What would you have invested in?

27. If you answered “stocks”, you would have been right: Ibbotson Associates cumulative total return indices for S&P 500 and 3-Month Treasury Bills. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Stocks T-Bills Reflects the growth of $10,000 invested on Dec. 31, 1927 to Dec. 31, 2004 $174,400 $9,799,411

28. What if you wanted to seek preservation of principal?

29. T-BILLS MAY NOT BE THE BEST SOLUTION….” After inflation and taxes, $10,000 continuously reinvested in 3-month T-bills was worth only $5,221 . Your after-tax, inflation-adjusted purchasing power would’ve been reduced by 48% after having invested for 76 years ! Ibbotson Associates cumulative total return indices for 3-Month Treasury Bills adjusted for both inflation and taxes. Investment period from 12/31/25 - 12/31/01. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Your results will vary. Taxes are based upon the top marginal personal income tax rate in the U.S. each year. Inflation is based upon the change in the Consumer Price Index.

30. How diversified are you really?

31. #8 OWN A DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIO Assume it is 12/31/71 and you are blessed with perfect foresight about these annual asset class returns over the next 29 years. How would you allocate your retirement plan? Indices used to represent asset classes depicted above are the S&P 500, the Morgan Stanley EAFE Index, the NAREIT Equity REITs Index and the Goldman Sachs Commodity Total Return Index, respectively. It is not possible to invest directly in a market index. Past performance is no guarantee of future performance.

32. AND THE WINNER IS... By combining four non-correlated asset classes, you were actually able to obtain a portfolio return which is higher than any of the four individual asset classes in which you invested and with less risk! The “25% of Each” Portfolio was rebalanced on January 1 of each year, 1972-2000. Indices used to represent asset classes depicted above are the S&P 500, the Morgan Stanley EAFE Index, the NAREIT Equity REITs Index and the Goldman Sachs Commodity Total Return Index, respectively. It is not possible to invest directly in a market index. Past performance is no guarantee of future performance.

33. Why Diversify? Because Winners Rotate: The indices used for Large-cap, Small-cap, Real Estate, and Foreign Stocks are the S&P 500, Russell 2000, NAREIT Equity REITs Index, and the Morgan Stanley EAFE Index, respectively. One cannot invest directly in an index. Past performance does not guarantee future results. LARGE- SMALL- REAL YEAR COMPANY COMPANY ESTATE FOREIGN STOCKS STOCKS STOCKS STOCKS 1982 21.6 25.0 21.6 -1.9 1983 22.6 29.1 30.6 23.7 1984 6.3 -7.3 20.9 7.4 1985 31.7 31.1 19.1 56.2 1986 18.7 5.7 19.2 69.4 1987 5.3 -8.8 -3.6 24.6 1988 16.6 25.0 13.5 28.3 1989 31.6 16.3 8.8 10.5 1990 -3.1 -19.5 -15.4 -23.5 1991 30.4 46.0 35.7 12.1 1992 7.6 18.4 14.6 -12.2 1993 10.1 18.9 19.7 32.6 1994 1.3 -1.8 3.2 7.8 1995 37.5 28.5 15.3 11.2 1996 23.0 16.5 35.3 6.1 1997 33.4 22.4 20.3 1.8 1998 28.6 -2.6 -17.5 20.0 1999 21.0 21.3 -4.6 27.0 2000 -9.1 -3.0 26.4 -14.0 2001 -11.9 2.5 13.9 -21.4 2002 -22.1 -20.5 3.9 -15.9

34. Which $100,000 investment would have a higher return over 20 years? A guaranteed interest rate of 8% per year or- An equal- weighted portfolio of five asset classes with the following returns: A has a 100% loss B returns 0% a year C returns 5% a year D returns 10% a year E returns 20% a year

35. $100,000 grew to $466,096 when invested at a fixed return of 8%. $100,000 grew to $974,376 in the diversified portfolio despite a total loss on one asset and a zero return on another asset. This is a hypothetical case and is not representative of any specific securities Diversification can enable one to offset disappointing results on individual holdings and offer the potential for rewarding long-term portfolio returns.

36. #9 DO NOT TIME THE MARKET Mark Hulbert runs the Hulbert Financial Digest, which independently monitors the investment performance of stock market newsletters Hulbert has tracked 137 newsletters since 1980 There is no evidence of any market-timing ability even by those who make it a full time job: Only 4 of 137 (2.9%) outperformed the performance of simply buying and holding the Wilshire 5000 Index. Source: Hulbert Financial Digest. It is not possible to invest directly in a market index. Past performance is no guarantee of future performance.

37. #9 DO NOT TIME THE MARKET Warren Buffett offered some useful counsel on this subject: “We make no attempt to predict how security markets will behave; successfully forecasting short-term stock price movements is something we think neither we, nor anyone else, can do… We’ve long felt that the only value of stock market forecasters is to make fortune tellers look good.”

38. #9 DO NOT TIME THE MARKET Market Prophecy is a Waste of Time Predicted Actual Margin Year S&P S&P of Gain Gain Error 1996 6.1% 26.0% 19.9% 1997 3.4% 31.0% 27.6% 1998 4.9% 26.7% 21.8% 1999 0.1% 19.5% 19.5% 2000 6.1% -10.1% 16.2% 2001 18.0% -12.1% 30.0% 2002 15.0% -22.1% 37.1% Source: Business Week’s Consensus Yearend Forecast The S&P 500 index is unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly.

39. Dollar-cost averaging involves spreading out your investments over several future time periods. This can significantly reduce the risk of being locked into a low equity return due to unusually bad timing in investing a lump sum. By investing at regular intervals, periods of adverse volatility may actually be working to the investor’s advantage. REDUCE TIMING-RISK WITH DOLLAR-COST AVERAGING

40. Bear Market Building Dollar-Cost Averaging is a Potential Way to Build Wealth in Both Bull and Bear Markets

41. Bear Market Building Dollar-Cost Averaging is An Effective Way to Build Wealth in Both Bull and Bear Markets The above illustration is hypothetical; actual returns may vary in a different time period. Dollar cost averaging does not assure a profit or protect against a loss in a declining market. For the strategy to be effective, you must continue to purchases shares in both up and down markets. As such, an investor needs to consider his/her financial ability to continuously invest through periods of low price levels. It is not possible to invest directly in a stock market index. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

42. Have your goals changed? Were the assumptions made two years ago still valid today? Do you need to adjust… Time, Risk Level, Amount Saved, Retirement Date, Desired Standard of Living at Retirement? #10 - UPDATE YOUR PLAN EVERY 2-YEARS

43.  YEAR 1 HAVE A LONG-TERM PLAN TO REACH MY FINANCIAL GOALS STARTING POINT

44.  YEAR 1 YEAR 2 HAVE A LONG-TERM PLAN TO REACH MY FINANCIAL GOALS STARTING POINT

45.  YEAR 1 YEAR 2 HAVE A LONG-TERM PLAN TO REACH MY FINANCIAL GOALS STARTING POINT

46. Time is on your side Source: Thomson Financial as of 12/31/02 Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index is an unmanaged group of large-company stocks. It is not available for direct investment. During the periods shown, a number of index stocks could have had significantly negative performance. It is possible for index performance to be positively or negatively influenced by a relatively small number of stocks. Stocks have offered positive performance more often than not ‘ 02 – 22.1% Time is on your side Source: Thomson Financial as of 12/31/02 Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index is an unmanaged group of large-company stocks. It is not available for direct investment. During the periods shown, a number of index stocks could have had significantly negative performance. It is possible for index performance to be positively or negatively influenced by a relatively small number of stocks. 1954 52.6% ’ 58 43.4 ’ 95 37.6 ’ 75 37.3 ’ 97 33.4 ’ 80 32.5 ’ 85 31.7 ’ 89 31.7 ’ 55 31.6 ’ 91 30.5 ’ 72 18.9% ’ 98 28.6 ’86 18.7 ’ 61 26.8 ’79 18.5 ’ 51 24.0 ’52 18.4 ’ 92 7.6% ’ 67 24.0 ’88 16.6 ’56 6.6 1953 – 1.0% ’ 76 23.6 ’64 16.4 ’78 6.5 ’90 – 3.1 ’ 96 23.0 ’71 14.3 ’84 6.3 ’81 – 5.0 ’ 63 22.7 ’65 12.4 ’87 5.3 ’77 – 7.4 ’66 – 10.1% ’ 83 22.6 ’59 12.0 ’70 4.0 ’69 – 8.5 ’57 – 10.8 ’ 82 21.6 ’68 11.1 ’94 1.3 ’62 – 8.8 ’01 – 11.9 ‘02 – 22.1% ’ 99 21.1 ’93 10.1 ’60 0.5 ’00 – 9.1 ’73 – 14.8 ’74 – 26.9 Positive Returns Negative Returns 50-year 25-year 10-year 5-year 1-year S&P 500 Index 11.08% 12.60% 8.99% –1.62% –20.47% Average annual total returns through 9/30/02 > 20% 10% to 20% 0% to 10% -10% to 0% -20% to 0% < - 20% Stocks have offered positive performance more often than not 1954 52.6% ’ 58 43.4 ’ 95 37.6 ’ 75 37.3 ’ 97 33.4 ’ 80 32.5 ’ 85 31.7 ’ 89 31.7 ’ 55 31.6 ’ 91 30.5 ’72 18.9% ’ 98 28.6 ’86 18.7 ’ 61 26.8 ’79 18.5 ’ 51 24.0 ’52 18.4 ’92 7.6% ’ 67 24.0 ’88 16.6 ’56 6.6 1953 – 1.0% ’ 76 23.6 ’64 16.4 ’78 6.5 ’90 – 3.1 ’ 96 23.0 ’71 14.3 ’84 6.3 ’81 – 5.0 ’ 63 22.7 ’65 12.4 ’87 5.3 ’77 – 7.4 ’66 – 10.1% ’ 83 22.6 ’59 12.0 ’70 4.0 ’69 – 8.5 ’57 – 10.8 ’ 82 21.6 ’68 11.1 ’94 1.3 ’62 – 8.8 ’01 – 11.9 ‘ 02 – 22.1 % ’ 99 21.1 ’93 10.1 ’60 0.5 ’00 – 9.1 ’73 – 14.8 ’74 – 26.9 Positive returns Negative returns >20% 10% to 20% 0% to 10% – 10% to 0% – 20% to –10% <–20% 50-year 25-year 10-year 5-year 1-year S&P 500 Index 11.08% 12.60% 8.99% –1.62% –20.47% Average annual total returns through 9/30/02

47. I already have a plan Do you know your chances of it succeeding? A plan is only as good as the assumptions within it Most plans are based on many poor assumptions

48. WHAT Bull and bear markets will occur and planning for them is important. Your average return has little to do with your investments. Aiming for higher return by taking on more risk might lower your odds. Having and adjusting a plan could be the single most important component in determining your success. learned? have we

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