this question appears in GATE Petroleum Engineering and in this we are calculating the number of stages required for pump to deliver the fluid to the required depth
This document discusses lost circulation, which occurs when drilling fluid is lost to the formation instead of returning to the surface. It defines lost circulation zones and classifications ranging from seepage to total losses. Causes include fractured formations and exceeding the fracture gradient. Prevention methods are outlined such as using proper mud weight and lost circulation materials. Numerical examples are provided to calculate formation pressure from lost circulation incidents. Detection and remediation techniques include waiting, squeezing lost circulation materials into the zone, and surveys to locate the lost circulation zone.
This document presents the solution to a problem calculating total density using densities and volumes of water and bentonite. It shows that the total volume is 38 gallons, consisting of 25 gallons of water and 13 gallons of bentonite. It then sets up an equation where the total density multiplied by the total volume equals the sum of the water density multiplied by its volume and the bentonite density multiplied by its volume. Solving this equation yields a total density of 13.17 pounds per gallon. Contact information is provided at the end for any additional questions.
Field development plan, rate of production,SYED NAWAZ
It gives you an idea about an impact of reservoir damage on production rate
Hello Everyone,
Follow my youtube channel "PETROLEUM UNIVERSE" https://lnkd.in/gjZgb7E
For weekly brushing of basics follow me on linkedin
https://lnkd.in/dqPYkwa
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in detail description of previous gate papers of petroleum engineering and some assumptions for 2021, with a brief of future steps. reference textbooks
Complete Casing Design with types of casing, casing properties, casing functions, design criteria and properties used for designing and one numerical problem
The document provides an overview of the drilling process and outlines key considerations for developing an effective drilling plan. It discusses establishing objectives, analyzing target locations and formations, selecting appropriate drilling methods and equipment, developing programs for well completion, mud usage, and more. A drilling plan, or general technical operations (GTO), serves as a blueprint that provides guidance to geologists, drillers, and mud chemists on the drilling of a well.
Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension Formula, Units and ProblemSYED NAWAZ
This document discusses reservoir engineering and provides a numerical problem example. It begins by outlining the content which includes formulas, units discussion, and a problem. The problem calculates the height to which liquid will be held given properties of an oil-water system including radius, contact angle, densities of oil and water, and interfacial tension. Relevant units are converted and the solution is shown. The document concludes by listing references on reservoir engineering and providing contact information for the author.
This document discusses lost circulation, which occurs when drilling fluid is lost to the formation instead of returning to the surface. It defines lost circulation zones and classifications ranging from seepage to total losses. Causes include fractured formations and exceeding the fracture gradient. Prevention methods are outlined such as using proper mud weight and lost circulation materials. Numerical examples are provided to calculate formation pressure from lost circulation incidents. Detection and remediation techniques include waiting, squeezing lost circulation materials into the zone, and surveys to locate the lost circulation zone.
This document presents the solution to a problem calculating total density using densities and volumes of water and bentonite. It shows that the total volume is 38 gallons, consisting of 25 gallons of water and 13 gallons of bentonite. It then sets up an equation where the total density multiplied by the total volume equals the sum of the water density multiplied by its volume and the bentonite density multiplied by its volume. Solving this equation yields a total density of 13.17 pounds per gallon. Contact information is provided at the end for any additional questions.
Field development plan, rate of production,SYED NAWAZ
It gives you an idea about an impact of reservoir damage on production rate
Hello Everyone,
Follow my youtube channel "PETROLEUM UNIVERSE" https://lnkd.in/gjZgb7E
For weekly brushing of basics follow me on linkedin
https://lnkd.in/dqPYkwa
Follow and Subscribe only if you like and try to circulate among your friends
in detail description of previous gate papers of petroleum engineering and some assumptions for 2021, with a brief of future steps. reference textbooks
Complete Casing Design with types of casing, casing properties, casing functions, design criteria and properties used for designing and one numerical problem
The document provides an overview of the drilling process and outlines key considerations for developing an effective drilling plan. It discusses establishing objectives, analyzing target locations and formations, selecting appropriate drilling methods and equipment, developing programs for well completion, mud usage, and more. A drilling plan, or general technical operations (GTO), serves as a blueprint that provides guidance to geologists, drillers, and mud chemists on the drilling of a well.
Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension Formula, Units and ProblemSYED NAWAZ
This document discusses reservoir engineering and provides a numerical problem example. It begins by outlining the content which includes formulas, units discussion, and a problem. The problem calculates the height to which liquid will be held given properties of an oil-water system including radius, contact angle, densities of oil and water, and interfacial tension. Relevant units are converted and the solution is shown. The document concludes by listing references on reservoir engineering and providing contact information for the author.
This document provides an introduction to reservoir engineering concepts including porosity, saturation, surface and interfacial tension. It defines key terms like porosity, saturation, cohesive forces, and adhesive forces. Formulas for surface tension and interfacial tension are presented and derived for gas-water and oil-water systems. A numerical example is worked through to calculate the height of liquid held in a capillary tube given properties of the oil-water system. References and contact information are provided at the end.
This document discusses petro-physical properties of reservoirs, including definitions of key concepts like fluid saturation, irreducible saturation, critical saturation, and residual saturation. It explains that saturation is defined as the percentage of pore volume occupied by a fluid (oil, gas, or water). It also provides an example of calculating average oil and water saturation for an under-saturated oil reservoir using porosity and oil saturation data from multiple samples. The document concludes by listing references for further reading on petroleum reservoir engineering topics.
it gives you an indetail information about gas formation volume factor formula, derivation, constant information, and a numerical problem for better understanding
The Reynolds number is used to identify the type of fluid flow in a pipe as either laminar or turbulent. It is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. A Reynolds number below 2100 indicates laminar flow, above 4000 indicates turbulent flow, and between 2100-4000 is the critical transition region. It was first introduced by George Stokes and developed by Osborne Reynolds to characterize fluid flow and the transition between flow patterns.
Formation damage can occur through physical, chemical, and bacterial mechanisms. The formation damage process involves filter cake formation and drilling mud formulation. Formation damage sources include drilling, completion, workover, stimulation, production, and injection operations. Common damage mechanisms are particle invasion, clay swelling/dispersion, scale precipitation, and fines migration. Remedial measures include acidizing, fracturing, clay stabilization, and surfactant treatments. Proper mud system design aims to minimize invasion and filtrate loss into the formation.
This question appears in GATE Petroleum Engineering in which they have ask to calculate the skin factor and this question belongs to oil and gas well testing subject
This question appears in GATE 2016 Petroleum Engineering in which they ask us to estimate the total time required for reservoir deliver the oil and gas to the surface and obviously it's recovery factor
this question appears in GATE 2016 Petroleum Engineering in which they have ask us to calculate the input power required for a pump to deliver the required operation
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
This document provides an introduction to reservoir engineering concepts including porosity, saturation, surface and interfacial tension. It defines key terms like porosity, saturation, cohesive forces, and adhesive forces. Formulas for surface tension and interfacial tension are presented and derived for gas-water and oil-water systems. A numerical example is worked through to calculate the height of liquid held in a capillary tube given properties of the oil-water system. References and contact information are provided at the end.
This document discusses petro-physical properties of reservoirs, including definitions of key concepts like fluid saturation, irreducible saturation, critical saturation, and residual saturation. It explains that saturation is defined as the percentage of pore volume occupied by a fluid (oil, gas, or water). It also provides an example of calculating average oil and water saturation for an under-saturated oil reservoir using porosity and oil saturation data from multiple samples. The document concludes by listing references for further reading on petroleum reservoir engineering topics.
it gives you an indetail information about gas formation volume factor formula, derivation, constant information, and a numerical problem for better understanding
The Reynolds number is used to identify the type of fluid flow in a pipe as either laminar or turbulent. It is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. A Reynolds number below 2100 indicates laminar flow, above 4000 indicates turbulent flow, and between 2100-4000 is the critical transition region. It was first introduced by George Stokes and developed by Osborne Reynolds to characterize fluid flow and the transition between flow patterns.
Formation damage can occur through physical, chemical, and bacterial mechanisms. The formation damage process involves filter cake formation and drilling mud formulation. Formation damage sources include drilling, completion, workover, stimulation, production, and injection operations. Common damage mechanisms are particle invasion, clay swelling/dispersion, scale precipitation, and fines migration. Remedial measures include acidizing, fracturing, clay stabilization, and surfactant treatments. Proper mud system design aims to minimize invasion and filtrate loss into the formation.
This question appears in GATE Petroleum Engineering in which they have ask to calculate the skin factor and this question belongs to oil and gas well testing subject
This question appears in GATE 2016 Petroleum Engineering in which they ask us to estimate the total time required for reservoir deliver the oil and gas to the surface and obviously it's recovery factor
this question appears in GATE 2016 Petroleum Engineering in which they have ask us to calculate the input power required for a pump to deliver the required operation
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.