The document summarizes a situational diagnosis of the 18 February community in Lambayeque, Peru. It describes the key problems in the community as lack of access to water and sanitation services, leading to common diseases. Housing materials and lack of drainage also contribute to respiratory and other illnesses. The community suffers from poverty and social exclusion. The main diseases affecting residents are digestive issues, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases.
Feed, Clothe & Educate the Poor, Imagine living in a squatter/slum/ village in a makeshift home constructed out of scrap metal and cardboard, with mud floors, and no electricity or water.
Imagine raising your kids in this place with hardly any food to eat. This is the plight of squatters/slum/village in the in Kiambiu slum,Kibera slum and Kogelo village. No land,
makeshift homes, little to eat, no work & no education for their children. Help make their lives a little brighter.
As a third world country, Haiti faces a lot of challenges. Improvements must be made in the areas of education, health care and socio-economic equality.
In 2010, the earthquake devastated much of the country’s healthcare infrastructure. St. Luke Foundation for Haiti and the Andrea Bocelli Foundation (ABF) have made it their mission to confront Haiti’s challenges and to save lives through education, healthcare, and service to others. While Haiti has seen marked reduction in child malnutrition in recent years, there is still much progress to be made. Childhood malnutrition and food insecurity negatively affect physical growth, immune system development, and cognitive function, leading to long term impacts on overall health. St. Luke Foundation and ABF work to address problems of malnutrition through meal programs in their schools and sustainable agricultural support for local farmers. Dr. Beaubrun will present on the foundations’ mission and his experience in the field of nutrition action: projects based on nutrition and health action, agriculture action, HIV treatment and prevention, and distribution of food kits for HIV patients.
Background: Pharmacy developed as a profession over several decades with the advent of apothecaries and was formalized as a profession and regulated in India beginning 1948 with the Pharmacy Act. Public health, existent for centuries was only formalized in India in 1987 through the Model Public Health act. Clinical pharmacy through structured and formalized PharmD education is fairly new to 21st century India. Clinical pharmacists play a very important role in promoting public health through various initiatives – health education, health communication, medication review, medication adherence to name a few. There is however, little recognition for clinical pharmacists as public health professionals even in developed countries where public health and pharmacy systems have co-existed for decades. In India, as both fields emerge, it is important to find synergies and open up pathways for collaboration and cooperation to ensure a stronger pool of public health field clinicians, researchers and professionals.
This session will focus on identifying the roles of public health pharmacists with focus on areas of convergence and models for collaboration and cooperation between public health and pharmacy professionals.
Session aim: Discuss strategies to enhance capacity of pharmacists to advance public health outcomes.
Session objectives: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Explain how pharmacists can play pivotal roles in disease prevention and health promotion
• Identify key interdisciplinary approaches where pharmacists can help achieve optimal public health outcomes
• Discuss strategies to integrate public health practice into pharmacological training and pharmaceutical care.
Content: Throughout the world, pharmacy as a profession is evolving. In recent years, several entities involved in pharmacy education have identified public health as a major area for improvement and expansion within the core pharmacy education. Pharmacists have been identified as key healthcare professionals in achieving health goals as mentioned in Healthy People 2020. In order to successfully integrate pharmacists as public health professionals, there is a need to introduce the principles and concepts of public health early on in pharmacy education. It is equally important to create and develop opportunities for practicing pharmacists and demonstrate the impact of pharmacists toward improving the population’s health. In this session, targeted interventions to outcomes assessment, differences and similarities will be discussed with implications for effectively advancing the capacity of pharmacists to achieve public health outcomes.
References
1. Policy Statement: The Role of the Pharmacist in Public Health. Policy Number 200614. American Public Health Association. November 8, 2006.
2. Capper, SA, Sands, CD. The Vital Relationship Between Public Health and Pharmacy. The International Journal of Pharmacy Education. Fall 2006, Issue 2.
Background: Pharmacy developed as a profession over several decades with the advent of apothecaries and was formalized as a profession and regulated in India beginning 1948 with the Pharmacy Act. Public health, existent for centuries was only formalized in India in 1987 through the Model Public Health act. Clinical pharmacy through structured and formalized PharmD education is fairly new to 21st century India. Clinical pharmacists play a very important role in promoting public health through various initiatives – health education, health communication, medication review, medication adherence to name a few. There is however, little recognition for clinical pharmacists as public health professionals even in developed countries where public health and pharmacy systems have co-existed for decades. In India, as both fields emerge, it is important to find synergies and open up pathways for collaboration and cooperation to ensure a stronger pool of public health field clinicians, researchers and professionals.
This session will focus on identifying the roles of public health pharmacists with focus on areas of convergence and models for collaboration and cooperation between public health and pharmacy professionals.
Session aim: Discuss strategies to enhance capacity of pharmacists to advance public health outcomes.
Session objectives: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Explain how pharmacists can play pivotal roles in disease prevention and health promotion
• Identify key interdisciplinary approaches where pharmacists can help achieve optimal public health outcomes
• Discuss strategies to integrate public health practice into pharmacological training and pharmaceutical care.
Content: Throughout the world, pharmacy as a profession is evolving. In recent years, several entities involved in pharmacy education have identified public health as a major area for improvement and expansion within the core pharmacy education. Pharmacists have been identified as key healthcare professionals in achieving health goals as mentioned in Healthy People 2020. In order to successfully integrate pharmacists as public health professionals, there is a need to introduce the principles and concepts of public health early on in pharmacy education. It is equally important to create and develop opportunities for practicing pharmacists and demonstrate the impact of pharmacists toward improving the population’s health. In this session, targeted interventions to outcomes assessment, differences and similarities will be discussed with implications for effectively advancing the capacity of pharmacists to achieve public health outcomes.
References
1. Policy Statement: The Role of the Pharmacist in Public Health. Policy Number 200614. American Public Health Association. November 8, 2006.
2. Capper, SA, Sands, CD. The Vital Relationship Between Public Health and Pharmacy. The International Journal of Pharmacy Education. Fall 2006, Issue 2.
The field concerned with the study of health and disease in the defined community or group.
Its goal is to identify the health problems and needs of people (community diagnosis) and to plan, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of health care system.
1COMMUNITY CHANGE CASE STUDIES This document contai.docxtarifarmarie
1
COMMUNITY CHANGE CASE STUDIES
This document contains case studies on community change processes. If you are working alone on this,
chose two case studies for analysis and comparison. If you are working in a group, chose three. You
are also welcome to make up your own case study to use as one for comparison. If you do develop
your own case study, please write it out in a similar way as those found here and included it at the end
of your worksheet. Base your own case study on an actual community experience, but change names
and places to maintain confidentiality.
Community Case Study 1: The Transition to Western Medicine in Agatu
Agatu community in Benue State Nigeria is located 90 kilometers off the major road connecting
the two largest cities in the region. The community has a major market that is held every fifth day.
The inhabitants are mainly farmers. They lacked most of the modern amenities, such as potable
water. Their major source of water was the Ado River. Although there was no clinic in the
community, the people had access to a variety of indigenous practitioners including those specializing
in bone setting, children’s illnesses, general herbal medicine, and divining and counteracting curses
and poisoning. There were also traditional birth attendants.
Few members of the community received formal schooling. One fortunate youngster was Herbert
Ada. When Herbert’s father died in 1955, his mother sent him to work as a houseboy for a prominent
businessman. The businessman later moved to the state capital, where, in 1958, he enrolled Herbert in
primary school. Herbert finished first in his class in 1963 and was awarded a scholarship by the state to
attend secondary school. His performance there made it possible for him to win a scholarship to study
medicine in Britain.
When Dr. Ada returned to Nigeria, he set up his practice in the (former) national capital and
business center, Lagos, located nearly 1000 kilometers from home. Dr. Ada would visit Agatu once in
two years and made sure that a bank account was set up to support his mother and immediate
relatives, but his involvement in hometown affairs was minimal.
Then, in 1983, on a visit home, he learned that his favorite uncle had died of severe stomach pain
only a few hours before his arrival. The condition had persisted for about four days, and the uncle
had been attended by an herbalist. Dr. Ada insisted on a postmortem, something quite unusual in a
culture that accepted death as something unquestionable. At the hospital in the state capital, it was
found that the uncle had died of appendicitis. This event challenged Dr. Ada to consider how he
might use his good fortune and skills to help the development of his hometown.
After the funeral, Dr. Ada met with the village chiefs and offered to help build a health clinic for the
community. The chiefs later summoned members of their council, but much opposition to the idea was
voiced by the loc.
Feed, Clothe & Educate the Poor, Imagine living in a squatter/slum/ village in a makeshift home constructed out of scrap metal and cardboard, with mud floors, and no electricity or water.
Imagine raising your kids in this place with hardly any food to eat. This is the plight of squatters/slum/village in the in Kiambiu slum,Kibera slum and Kogelo village. No land,
makeshift homes, little to eat, no work & no education for their children. Help make their lives a little brighter.
As a third world country, Haiti faces a lot of challenges. Improvements must be made in the areas of education, health care and socio-economic equality.
In 2010, the earthquake devastated much of the country’s healthcare infrastructure. St. Luke Foundation for Haiti and the Andrea Bocelli Foundation (ABF) have made it their mission to confront Haiti’s challenges and to save lives through education, healthcare, and service to others. While Haiti has seen marked reduction in child malnutrition in recent years, there is still much progress to be made. Childhood malnutrition and food insecurity negatively affect physical growth, immune system development, and cognitive function, leading to long term impacts on overall health. St. Luke Foundation and ABF work to address problems of malnutrition through meal programs in their schools and sustainable agricultural support for local farmers. Dr. Beaubrun will present on the foundations’ mission and his experience in the field of nutrition action: projects based on nutrition and health action, agriculture action, HIV treatment and prevention, and distribution of food kits for HIV patients.
Background: Pharmacy developed as a profession over several decades with the advent of apothecaries and was formalized as a profession and regulated in India beginning 1948 with the Pharmacy Act. Public health, existent for centuries was only formalized in India in 1987 through the Model Public Health act. Clinical pharmacy through structured and formalized PharmD education is fairly new to 21st century India. Clinical pharmacists play a very important role in promoting public health through various initiatives – health education, health communication, medication review, medication adherence to name a few. There is however, little recognition for clinical pharmacists as public health professionals even in developed countries where public health and pharmacy systems have co-existed for decades. In India, as both fields emerge, it is important to find synergies and open up pathways for collaboration and cooperation to ensure a stronger pool of public health field clinicians, researchers and professionals.
This session will focus on identifying the roles of public health pharmacists with focus on areas of convergence and models for collaboration and cooperation between public health and pharmacy professionals.
Session aim: Discuss strategies to enhance capacity of pharmacists to advance public health outcomes.
Session objectives: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Explain how pharmacists can play pivotal roles in disease prevention and health promotion
• Identify key interdisciplinary approaches where pharmacists can help achieve optimal public health outcomes
• Discuss strategies to integrate public health practice into pharmacological training and pharmaceutical care.
Content: Throughout the world, pharmacy as a profession is evolving. In recent years, several entities involved in pharmacy education have identified public health as a major area for improvement and expansion within the core pharmacy education. Pharmacists have been identified as key healthcare professionals in achieving health goals as mentioned in Healthy People 2020. In order to successfully integrate pharmacists as public health professionals, there is a need to introduce the principles and concepts of public health early on in pharmacy education. It is equally important to create and develop opportunities for practicing pharmacists and demonstrate the impact of pharmacists toward improving the population’s health. In this session, targeted interventions to outcomes assessment, differences and similarities will be discussed with implications for effectively advancing the capacity of pharmacists to achieve public health outcomes.
References
1. Policy Statement: The Role of the Pharmacist in Public Health. Policy Number 200614. American Public Health Association. November 8, 2006.
2. Capper, SA, Sands, CD. The Vital Relationship Between Public Health and Pharmacy. The International Journal of Pharmacy Education. Fall 2006, Issue 2.
Background: Pharmacy developed as a profession over several decades with the advent of apothecaries and was formalized as a profession and regulated in India beginning 1948 with the Pharmacy Act. Public health, existent for centuries was only formalized in India in 1987 through the Model Public Health act. Clinical pharmacy through structured and formalized PharmD education is fairly new to 21st century India. Clinical pharmacists play a very important role in promoting public health through various initiatives – health education, health communication, medication review, medication adherence to name a few. There is however, little recognition for clinical pharmacists as public health professionals even in developed countries where public health and pharmacy systems have co-existed for decades. In India, as both fields emerge, it is important to find synergies and open up pathways for collaboration and cooperation to ensure a stronger pool of public health field clinicians, researchers and professionals.
This session will focus on identifying the roles of public health pharmacists with focus on areas of convergence and models for collaboration and cooperation between public health and pharmacy professionals.
Session aim: Discuss strategies to enhance capacity of pharmacists to advance public health outcomes.
Session objectives: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Explain how pharmacists can play pivotal roles in disease prevention and health promotion
• Identify key interdisciplinary approaches where pharmacists can help achieve optimal public health outcomes
• Discuss strategies to integrate public health practice into pharmacological training and pharmaceutical care.
Content: Throughout the world, pharmacy as a profession is evolving. In recent years, several entities involved in pharmacy education have identified public health as a major area for improvement and expansion within the core pharmacy education. Pharmacists have been identified as key healthcare professionals in achieving health goals as mentioned in Healthy People 2020. In order to successfully integrate pharmacists as public health professionals, there is a need to introduce the principles and concepts of public health early on in pharmacy education. It is equally important to create and develop opportunities for practicing pharmacists and demonstrate the impact of pharmacists toward improving the population’s health. In this session, targeted interventions to outcomes assessment, differences and similarities will be discussed with implications for effectively advancing the capacity of pharmacists to achieve public health outcomes.
References
1. Policy Statement: The Role of the Pharmacist in Public Health. Policy Number 200614. American Public Health Association. November 8, 2006.
2. Capper, SA, Sands, CD. The Vital Relationship Between Public Health and Pharmacy. The International Journal of Pharmacy Education. Fall 2006, Issue 2.
The field concerned with the study of health and disease in the defined community or group.
Its goal is to identify the health problems and needs of people (community diagnosis) and to plan, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of health care system.
1COMMUNITY CHANGE CASE STUDIES This document contai.docxtarifarmarie
1
COMMUNITY CHANGE CASE STUDIES
This document contains case studies on community change processes. If you are working alone on this,
chose two case studies for analysis and comparison. If you are working in a group, chose three. You
are also welcome to make up your own case study to use as one for comparison. If you do develop
your own case study, please write it out in a similar way as those found here and included it at the end
of your worksheet. Base your own case study on an actual community experience, but change names
and places to maintain confidentiality.
Community Case Study 1: The Transition to Western Medicine in Agatu
Agatu community in Benue State Nigeria is located 90 kilometers off the major road connecting
the two largest cities in the region. The community has a major market that is held every fifth day.
The inhabitants are mainly farmers. They lacked most of the modern amenities, such as potable
water. Their major source of water was the Ado River. Although there was no clinic in the
community, the people had access to a variety of indigenous practitioners including those specializing
in bone setting, children’s illnesses, general herbal medicine, and divining and counteracting curses
and poisoning. There were also traditional birth attendants.
Few members of the community received formal schooling. One fortunate youngster was Herbert
Ada. When Herbert’s father died in 1955, his mother sent him to work as a houseboy for a prominent
businessman. The businessman later moved to the state capital, where, in 1958, he enrolled Herbert in
primary school. Herbert finished first in his class in 1963 and was awarded a scholarship by the state to
attend secondary school. His performance there made it possible for him to win a scholarship to study
medicine in Britain.
When Dr. Ada returned to Nigeria, he set up his practice in the (former) national capital and
business center, Lagos, located nearly 1000 kilometers from home. Dr. Ada would visit Agatu once in
two years and made sure that a bank account was set up to support his mother and immediate
relatives, but his involvement in hometown affairs was minimal.
Then, in 1983, on a visit home, he learned that his favorite uncle had died of severe stomach pain
only a few hours before his arrival. The condition had persisted for about four days, and the uncle
had been attended by an herbalist. Dr. Ada insisted on a postmortem, something quite unusual in a
culture that accepted death as something unquestionable. At the hospital in the state capital, it was
found that the uncle had died of appendicitis. This event challenged Dr. Ada to consider how he
might use his good fortune and skills to help the development of his hometown.
After the funeral, Dr. Ada met with the village chiefs and offered to help build a health clinic for the
community. The chiefs later summoned members of their council, but much opposition to the idea was
voiced by the loc.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
1. UNIVERSIDAD
NACIONAL “PEDRO
RUIZ GALLO”
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA HUMANA
MEDICAL ENGLISH
TEACHER:Dra. ROSA GONZÁLES LLONTOP.
GROUP 08
STUDENTS:
AGIP ALARCON WALTER
ARBOLEDA DIAZ OSCAR
BECERRA SILVA FRANK
CAMPOS TAPIA ALEXANDER
CARRASCO HERRERA DENIS
PISCOYA TENORIO JORGE
PLASENCIA DUEÑAS ESTEBAN
RIVERA PAICO MAYRA
ROJAS RUIZ ROMMEL
SALAZAR SALAZAR EDUARDO
TINEO TINEO DENNY
LAMBAYEQUE, DICIEMBRE DE 2011.
2. INTRODUCTION
In Health Center ToribiaCastro of Lambayeque UNPRG students
the second year of medical school we made a human
community work in public health based on health care to the
population in the areas of protection, promotion, recovery and
rehabilitation, finding a significant relationship at the beginning of
the basic actions of public health relations between infectious
diseases and low living standards. Thus began the rise of
communicable disease control and some sanitation activities. It
also is working on actions to promote health for different age
groups and occupational health and mental health. In this
process the health institutions are organized through the creation
of Ministries of Health and Social Security institutions as in the case
of the health center Toribia Castro. The research group to
conduct several research and observation and pregnant patients,
the drug discovery and natural medicines that people use as
usual in their daily lives, change the way you see the perspective
of health is well that ends in that health must necessarily be
understood, analyzed and interpreted within the overall context
of economic and social development. It should be noted that the
health conditions the process. Development is conditioned by the
different variables involved in this process. By virtue of this health
effect is a phenomenon resulting mainly from the interaction of
political, economic and cultural factors
3. SCHEDULE
WEEK ACTIVITIES
1 week Reconnaissance of zone and health center Toribia Castro
2 week Situacional Diagnostic of “February 18”
3 week Identification of health care providers
and health determinants in Lambayeque
4week Inquiry about medicinal plants in the Model market of
Chiclayo
5 and 6 weeks Intramural description of the work in the health
center Toribia Castro
7 week Situacional Diagnostic of “Old Mocce”
8 week Elaboration of “Old Mocce” map
9 week Familiar name in every home of “Old Mocce”
10 and 11 week Family Records in “Old Mocce”
13 week Training of vaccination
4. HEALTH CENTER TORIBIA CASTRO
CHIRINOS
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURAL UNITS
A. SITUATION ROOM
The young village is inhabited by a large number of people who
are in poverty and extreme poverty.
5. B. LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONS
Manage the activities of health maintenance and meeting
the health care needs.
Efficiently manage human, financial and material resources
to the health center according to the parameters of
productivity.
C. MEDICAL RECORDS
The health center collects the information needed to provide
proper care for such care, preventive and social development.
D. ADMISSION
The unit that coordinates and integrates care movements and
contacts of all patients in the hospital complex and specialized
care in your area.
E. TRIAGE
Try to avoid delay of patient care would worsen the prognosis for
the delay in their care.
F. CHECK UP ROOM
The health center provides personal attention to each patient
taking into account the socioeconomic, cultural and
environmental comprising this jurisdiction.
6. G. SENIOR OPERATIONAL UNIT
Its purpose is to promote healthy aging through the
implementation of family support programs.
H. DENTISTRY
The goal is to maintain oral health of the population, providing
basic preventive dental care in order to promote self-care oral
hygiene and healthy habits of non-cariogenic food, intervening on
risk factors.
I. NURSING
The hospital has the function of primary health care in a society
which provides human resources prepared to strengthen the
health plans.
J. MATERNITY WARD
We found:
• Bed where delivery is made.
• Surgical Light Source.
• Warmer to receive the newborn.
7. K. STERILIZATION ROOM
Is the service you receive, conditions, processes, controls and
distributes textiles, biomedical equipment and instruments to all
sectors of the hospital, to provide an input safe for use with the
patient.
L. PUERPERIUM
This environment is for mothers after childbirth, is for the recovery of
the breastfeeding mother and the newborn.
M. OBSTETRICS
The specialist controls the pregnant woman regularly to monitor
possible problems during pregnancy that may be detectable.
8. SITUATIONAL DIAGNOSIS OF 18
FEBRUARY
1. GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION:
A. REGION:
SKETCH: 18 FEBRUARYDREN
Huaca
LosChinos
church
A
E
B Children’svillage
s
C Wáter
distribuidor
church
F
D G
Soccer field
wells
FARMS
UPIS: Urbanización Popular de Interés Social
9. GENERAL INFORMATION
Founded 9 years
Service light 5 years ago
Program "Water for All" (for Mz. A, B and half of E)
Sale of water: 0.40 x 1 or 3 buckets sun.
B. ORGANIZATIONS, AND MEDIA SERVICES
According consulted the residents themselves.
PUBLIC SERVICES:
Families of young people 18 FEBRUARY do have the basic services of
public lighting and electricity in their homes. But so you do not have it
with water and drain.
Families are provided with water through a tank of the Regional
Government of Lambayeque, which carries water 2 or 3 times a week,
but currently under repair.For this reason the people are forced to buy
at 60 cents a bucket of water sun for human consumption, this
purchase makes you a man of his community, which is not known as it
gets. They also have some grounds to remove the water but this is not
suitable for human consumption, so only use it to wash your clothes or
other complementary actions.
C. MAIN PROBLEMS AND NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY:
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION
In human settlement "February 18" sources of pollution that cause the
most common diseases in the locality are:
a) Within the household
Water: The lack of water and sanitation services have
become the main problem affecting the area. So hopefully
digestive disease outbreaks.
Housing: Housing made of materials such as adobe, mats,
thatch, among others are the habitat of various
10. microorganisms that cause disease. The floor being of earth,
is a strong focus on respiratory diseases, bronchitis, etc.
Food: That washed with water unfit for consumption or
undercooked foods may be causing digestive diseases.
Animal husbandry: Inside the house is dangerous, as the hair
of attending these places also frequented by people and
cause massive contagion of disease.
Centers of work, school, meeting: it is inevitable that every
day and establish social relationships with people.
b) Outside the home:
Landfills, which accumulate in the corners of houses, or in the
ditches represent foci of infection that are the haunt of
scavengers and insects that carry disease.
Food stalls, canteens: People who suffer from diseases due to
ignorance or irresponsibly
SOCIO ECONOMIC PROBLEM
After the recognition of the area we have an overview of the
critical situation being experienced by the community. That
issummarized as follows:
The level of education of its residents is quite low, since not
everyone can access it.
Apparently there are no neighborhood organizations to
expose their problems to authorities.
Total disregard of the authorities to solve the basic problems
affecting the community.
Poverty, frustration and exclusion, and social deviance
models to which they are exposed most of these residents
make this community can be fertile ground for crime.
2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POPULATION:
After making home visits, we learned about the major diseases afflicting
the population.
Digestive System Diseases.
Diarrhoeal diseases.
Respiratory Diseases.
11. HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN
LAMBAYEQUE
Walking throughthe streetsof the district ofLambayeque, we observe
some places wherehealth servicesareofferedboth conventional
andalternative.We willdiscusstheseestablishments:
1. FORMAL HEALTH SERVICES:
PUBLICHEALTH SERVICES
HOSPITAL "TEACHING HOSPITALBELEN-LAMBAYEQUE PROVINCIAL"
HEALTH CENTER"TORIBIACASTRO"
HEALTH CENTER"SANMARTIN"
12. 2. EMPIRICAL MEDICINE PROVIDERS:
On the streets ofLambayequeand inthe marginal zone
ofOldMoxeefindsome people whoare dedicated to providinga type
ofhealth carepracticesbased onempirical
andhighlightingtraditionalmidwives,bone settersand shamans.Let's look
ateach:
a) MIDWIVES.
Midwife isaperson (usuallya woman)
whoassists the motherduringchildbirth
andinitially acquiredher
skillsattendingtheir
birthsorherselfworking with otherTBAs.
EmelinaMs.PerezGonzalez domiciled in theMzGLt 24 told usasis that
fromliving inMoxeoldbegan
providingservicestopregnantandpostpartum womenprimarily.
b) BONERS.
They aretraditionalmedicine specialistswho master the techniquesaimed
attreating various disordersof the musculoskeletal system, using the
massage ordog-earedin therapy.
c) SHAMANS.
It is an individual who is credited
with the ability to heal, to
communicate with spirits and
13. presenting visionary and divinatory skills.
Moxeareaarereferences to thefamousMr.Chicomasobadorwhose
jobit wasinherited from his fatherwho wasconsidered the
bestsobadorofLambayeque.
DETERMINING FACTORS OF THE
HEALTH IN LAMBAYEQUE's DISTRICT
1. PROTECTIVE FACTORS:
The accessibility to services of health and the community activity
of these (specially the realized one for the center of health Toribia
Castro) is the principal protective factor that reaches to this sector
of the population.
Sector possesses the basic services of water, outlet and light.
The streets asfaltadas also constitute a protective factor.
Many educational centers that they find are important also for the
information role.
14. The parks and gardens that not only act supporting the local
ecology, but they serve as elements of distraction and anti stress.
Also we possess Lambayeque's fire brigade.
The Center of the major adult, located in A. B. Leguía 269-
Lambayeque, orientated to improving the process of the aging,
by means of the development of programs, sociocultural,
recreative, productive of familiar, intergenerational integration
and of ways of life for an active aging.
In the intersection of the streets Augusto B. Leguía and
SebastiánOnetto we find to the CEDIF-Lambayeque (Center of
Integral Development of the Family) of the INABIF, which offers
food help to children in extreme poverty.
15. The workers' union of civil construction, which also is a protective
factor of health for the worker.
Also there exist services of recycling, which favor the
decontamination of Lambayeque's sectors.
2. FACTORS OF RISK:
One of the principal factors that put in danger the health of the
population is the irrigation ditch that runs along the north margin of
the zone. In her they find important centers of infection as heaps
of garbage.
The upbringing animal, especially cattle, which can predispose
some zoonosis.
The terrible condition of the network of outlets is really worrying
since the places are different where there are situated collapses
and exhibition of the served waters.
16. As well as there exist zones of considerable urban development,
they think also, adjacent, different very poor, that they are not
asfaltadas with housings adobes, in precarious condition, with
accumulation.
Garbage in not suitable places: Part of the street SebastiánOneto.
LAMBAYEQUE MEDICINAL PLANTS
DEFINITION
Are those plants with several active substances are used in curative or
palliative treatment of certain diseases.
IMPORTANCE
Knowledge of the use of medicinal plants for our health is of vital
importance due to easy availability and low cost they have.
The use of medicinal plants must be very responsible, taking the
recommended doses. If discomfort persists, it is important to consult
people with more experience in the use of medicinal plants and doctors.
What are medicinal plants that have the greatest demand?
Depends on the season:
Summer: Desinflamante
Winter: Respiratory diseases: chamomile, peppermint, anise, lemon
verbena.
17. HERBALISM "MIRACLE CHILD" SINCE 80
Mercado.Model - Position. 80 - "B" (Cradle Sector) - Chiclayo, Peru
Representative: Segundo Elmer Cruz Aldaz: specialist in medicinal plants,
treat diseases: epilepsy, kidney, prostate and spills.
Mr.ElmerCruzgave usto know theherbsthat healevery diseaseor serveas a
dietary supplementto preventdiseasein particular:
18. Blood:Moradillo, canchalagua.
Stress:Valerian, marjoram, rosemary.
Cholesterol:dandelion, pasuchaca.
Constipation: sin with orange,honeyland (cleanse the digestive tract).
Nerves:burnet, marjoram.
Asthma:chilco,pulmonaria.
Cancer:cat's claw.
Diabetes:blackberry.
Inflammation:annatto
Allergy:Norba
Cirrhosis:extract,dandelionsaladserved withhoneyor juiceof land.
Gall:Chancapiedra, ponytail.
Muscle pain: analgesicherbs, welded withwelding,bloodsucker.
Acne:bloodroot,Moradillo.
Laxative-Antiparasitic:sen.
Epilepsy:preparing aMasssteeped inwine, and mixed: Heart of the
Condor, peak toucan,turkeyblood, 7 seedsmountain,beargall, gall of the
handle.
7 herbsalsoare mixeddepending on thetype of disease.The treatmentis
complemented bybathroomsevery 15days.
Prostate:achiote, sour sop, calahuala, horsetail, shepherd's purse.
19. INTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES AT THE
HEALTH CENTER
1. THE MEDICAL CONSULTANT
The medical consultation is the main opportunity for the doctor to
explore the patient’s problems and concerns and to start to
identify the reasons for their ill health.
Now let’s see its structure:
Initiating the session
gathering information
physical examination
explanation and planning
closing the session
2. OBSTTRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Obstetrics is the medical specialty dealing with the care of all
women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy
(prenatal period), childbirth and the postnatal period.
20. Uterine Measurements During Pregnancy
The fundal height--measured from the top of the pubic bone to
the top of the uterus--is generally measured in centimeters, and
it's a measurement, as you might suspect, that should increase
as the pregnancy continues toward your due date. Even
though the fundal height is generally a diagnostic tool held
over from the days before ultrasound, it is still useful in large
clinics where the same patient may not get the same doctor
twice in a row for her prenatal visits.
21. Naegele's Rule:
It is a standard way of calculating the due date for a
pregnancy. The rule estimates the expected date of delivery
(EDD) by adding one year, subtracting three months, and
adding seven days to the first day of a woman's last menstrual
period (LMP). Theresultisapproximately 280 days (40 weeks)
fromthe LMP.
3. NURSING-CHILD CARE
CHILDREN’S IMMUNIZATION SHEDULE
Vaccinations are some of the most important tools available for
preventing disease, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC). Vaccinations not only protect
children from developing a potentially serious disease but also
protect the community by reducing the spread of infectious
22. PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
Physical therapy (or physiotherapy), often abbreviated PT, is a
health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with
identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential
within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis,
treatment/intervention, and rehabilitation.
Thisencompassesphysical, psychological, emotional, and social
wellbeing.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), physiatry or
rehabilitation medicine, is a branch of medicine that aims to
enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those
with physical impairments or disabilities. A physician having
completed training in this field is referred to as a physiatrist or
rehab medicine specialist. Physiatrists specialize in restoring optimal
function to people with injuries to the muscles, bones, tissues, and
nervous system (such as stroke patients).
PSYCHOLOGY
BENDER-GESTALT TEST
The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, or simply the Bender-Gestalt test, is
a psychological test first developed by child neuropsychiatristLauretta
Bender. The test is used to evaluate "visual-motor maturity", to screen for
developmental disorders, or to assess neurological function or brain
damage.
23. MATERIALS
THE MACHOVER TEST
This test is often used today in connection with psycho dynamic
evaluations and diagnostic assessments of children. The evolution of
developmental theory and the way in which children's psychological
difficulties are assessed has changed during the years. When interpreting
the Machover material an integration of theories from drive psychology,
ego psychology, object relation theory and the theories concerning the
self's development is recommended.
24. MOCCE ANTIGUO MAP
In order to support a research project with Dr. Patazca, went to the
Lambayeque sector: MocceAntiguo, for to do a sector map, to
investigate the chiefs of the area, to assess whether the services sector
accounts for water, sewer and electric lighting, to examine whether the
conditions of life are apt to have a good health and to recognizing and
living quarters uninhabitable.
The map was prepared as follows: we form groups of two to ask the
name of each family block by block, and one of us separately inquired
who the authorities of the sector.
25. FAMILY RECORDS
Health Center: _______________________ House Nº___________
I. GENERAL DATES DATE: ___________ Day: _____ Month: ______ Year: ________ II. RISK
Sector: _________________ Locality: ________________ Familiar Last name: ___________________ Nº Members: ____________
Address: ________________ Benchmark: _______________Nº Families: ____ Nº Contributors: ____ Religion: __________ Language: _______ HIGH MEDIUM LOW
III. FAMILIAR COMPOSITION
26. GENOGRAM
A genogram is a format for drawing a family tree that records
information about family members and their relationships, of over at least
three generations. The genogram is an excellent way to represent the
composition of family data in a concise and readable. Data can be
added as they are collected.
The family genograms display information in a way that provides a quick
overview of complex family patterns and a rich source of hypotheses
about how a clinical problem may be connected to the family
context and the evolution of the problem and context over time.
Genograms show three levels:
The structure of a family: explains how family members are linked
together, either biologically or legally.
Recording family information: demographic information on the
operation and critical family events.
The relationships between family members: using different types of
lines to symbolize different relationships between family members.
Utility:
Management of serious illness or death, symptoms shared by
other family members.
Assessed and management of common symptoms. Identifying the
cause of symptoms rather than focusing on the patient presents.
Anticipate or prevent medical problems. Considering and
managing acute and chronic biomedical problems induced by
stress.
Recognize, diagnose, perform counseling or genetic
problems registering.
Diagnose and manage emotional and
behavioral problems influenced by familystructure and function.
In abuse and drug use.
Genogramcontent data:
Three or more generations.
The names of all family members.
Age or date of birth of all family members.
Death, including age or date and cause.
27. Significant diseases or problems with family members.
Demarcation of the family members living under one roof.
Dates of marriages and divorces.
The member who was born first must go to the left
and right siblings, in descending order.
Description of the symbols used.
Symbols selected for simplicity and maximum visibility.
Some symbols used in the genogram: members living in the
home evaluated, are contained in an en closed space within the
genogram.
28. ECOMAP
The eco-map is a supplement to familiograma and a great visual aid for
the family health team in understanding the environment in which life
unfolds headed households. Its routine use is intended to represent the
family and their contacts with their supra, the environment around them:
the extended family, work, recreation, education, health services,
educational institutions, the religion, etc.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF ECOMAPAS
The eco-map consists of a central circle containing the familiograma of the
family, living under the same roof, around the center circle are located
other circles representing friends, health facilities and education, work, the
extended family, etc., in the context of the nuclear family.
The size of the circles surrounding the familiograma can be variable and
must conform to the requirements of the design. Lines are drawn between
the family and the outer circles to it to indicate the nature of the
connections. The dotted lines indicate connections tenuous. Dashed lines
indicate relationships stressful. The wider lines indicate greater union. The
arrows that are used can be drawn along the lines indicating the flow of
energy and resources. Additional circles can be drawn if needed;
depending on the number of significant contacts you have family.
UTILITY
He points out the interactions of the family and each of its members with
the systems that surround and summarized in graphical form.
Allows you to identify potential sources of stress or conflict.
Suggests resources to mobilize in times of crisis.
Indicates whether some people have good relationships with elements
outside the family.