White Line Follower.pptxWhite Line FollowerByFawaz Alana.docxalanfhall8953
White Line Follower.pptx
White Line Follower
By
Fawaz Alanazi
Fawaz
motor control
Motor Control
The H bridge was chosen as a method of controlling the motors as it supplies efficient control over forwards and backwards on each motor.
The image shows a basic diagram of a h bridges when all the switches are open there is no current going through the H bridge and the motor does not move.
The diagram above shows the 4 switching elements namely low side left, low side right, high side left and high side right. The motor changes its direction according to the element that is switched on. For example, if the switch of high side left and low side right is turned on then the motor will rotate forward as with the flow of the current to the ground through motor coil.
the h-bridge is preferred for interfacing DC motor with the microcontroller for the control of direction of the rotation and speed of the motor. H-bridge the name is derived from the real shape of the circuit of the motor. The h-bridge has 4 switching elements which are shown.
3
H -BRIDGE
It is an electronic circuit which enable voltage to be applied across a load in either direction.
It allows a circuit full control over standard electronic DC motor. That is with an H- bridge , logic chip
H- bridges are available as integrate circuits.
4
How the motor operates
The red line shows the current path if the top right and the bottom left switches are closed. This will send the motor spinning in one direction for example forward. If the opposite switches were to be closed then the motor would go into reverse.
5
table for directionH BRIDGE INPUT PIN Direction1234FWD1001REV0110LEFT1000RIGHT0001
H-bridge driver IC L293D
The outputs in L293D are motors which consist of 2 inputs and 2 outputs each. Motor 1 has the input 1 and 2 and motor 2 has the inputs 3 and 4. Likewise, the motor 1 has outputs 1 and 2 and motor 2 has outputs 3 and 4. Logic 1 and enable 1 will enable the inputs 1 and 2 and outputs 1 and 2 which means motor 1. Furthermore, enable 2 will enable inputs and outputs 3 and 4 which are motor 2.
7
L293D
It is a dual H-bridge motor driver.
Can control two motors.
16 pins.
Out put current of 600 mA and peak output current 1.2 per channel.
Power supply can be as large as 36 volts.
for protection of circuit from back EMF output diodes are included within the L293D.
Circuit Connections
Pin 1 and 9 are the 2 enable pins in which pin 1 enables motor 1 and pin 9 enables motor 2. The L293D has four output pins connected to its input terminals and various logics can be provided to control the motor’s direction. The motor 1 would be connected across output 1 and 2 which are pin 3 and 6 while the motor 2 would be connected across output 3 and 4 which are pins 11 and 14. Pins 4, 5, 12 and 13 are connected to the ground while pins 16 and 8 are connected to VCC=5V.
The diagram below shows the L293D’s circuit connections.
9.
STAT200: Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup - Instructions
Page 1 of 3
STAT200 Introduction to Statistics
Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup
Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup
In the first assignment (Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Analysis Data Plan), you developed a
scenario about annual household expenditures and a plan for analyzing the data using descriptive
statistic methods. The purpose of this assignment is to carry out the descriptive statistics analysis plan
and write up the results. The expected outcome of this assignment is a two to three page write-up of
the findings from your analysis as well as a recommendation.
Assignment Steps:
Step #1: Review Feedback from Your Instructor
Before performing any analysis, please make sure to review your instructor’s feedback on Assignment
#1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan. Based on the feedback, modify variables, tables, and
selected statistics, graphs, and tables, if needed.
Step #2: Perform Descriptive Statistic Analysis
Task 1: Look at the dataset.
• (Re)Familiarize yourself with the variables. Review Table 1: Variables Selected for the
Analysis you generated for the first assignment as well as your instructor’s feedback. In
addition, look at the data dictionary contained in the data set for information about the
variables.
• Select the variables you need for the analysis.
Task 2: Complete your data analysis, as outlined in your first assignment, with any needed
modifications, based on your instructor’s feedback.
• Calculate Measures of Central Tendency and Variability. Use the information from
Assignment #1 - Table 2. Numerical Summaries of the Selected Variables. Here again,
be sure to see your instructor’s feedback and incorporate into the analysis.
• Prepare Graphs and/or Tables. Use the information from Assignment #1 - Table 3.
Type of Graphs and/or Tables for Selected Variables. Here again, be sure to see your
instructor’s feedback and incorporate into the analysis.
STAT200: Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup - Instructions
Page 2 of 3
Step #3: Write-up findings using the Provided Template
For this part of the assignment, write a short 2-3 page write-up of the process you followed and the
findings from your analysis. You will describe, in words, the statistical analysis used and present the
results in both statistical/text and graphic formats.
Here are the main sections for this assignment:
✓ Identifying Information. Fill in information on name, class, instructor, and date.
✓ Introduction. For this section, use the same scenario you submitted for the first assignment and
modified using your instructor’s feedback, if needed. Include Table 1 (Table 1: Variables
Selected for the Analysis) you used in Assignment #1 to show the variables you selected for the
analysis.
✓ Data .
White Line Follower.pptxWhite Line FollowerByFawaz Alana.docxalanfhall8953
White Line Follower.pptx
White Line Follower
By
Fawaz Alanazi
Fawaz
motor control
Motor Control
The H bridge was chosen as a method of controlling the motors as it supplies efficient control over forwards and backwards on each motor.
The image shows a basic diagram of a h bridges when all the switches are open there is no current going through the H bridge and the motor does not move.
The diagram above shows the 4 switching elements namely low side left, low side right, high side left and high side right. The motor changes its direction according to the element that is switched on. For example, if the switch of high side left and low side right is turned on then the motor will rotate forward as with the flow of the current to the ground through motor coil.
the h-bridge is preferred for interfacing DC motor with the microcontroller for the control of direction of the rotation and speed of the motor. H-bridge the name is derived from the real shape of the circuit of the motor. The h-bridge has 4 switching elements which are shown.
3
H -BRIDGE
It is an electronic circuit which enable voltage to be applied across a load in either direction.
It allows a circuit full control over standard electronic DC motor. That is with an H- bridge , logic chip
H- bridges are available as integrate circuits.
4
How the motor operates
The red line shows the current path if the top right and the bottom left switches are closed. This will send the motor spinning in one direction for example forward. If the opposite switches were to be closed then the motor would go into reverse.
5
table for directionH BRIDGE INPUT PIN Direction1234FWD1001REV0110LEFT1000RIGHT0001
H-bridge driver IC L293D
The outputs in L293D are motors which consist of 2 inputs and 2 outputs each. Motor 1 has the input 1 and 2 and motor 2 has the inputs 3 and 4. Likewise, the motor 1 has outputs 1 and 2 and motor 2 has outputs 3 and 4. Logic 1 and enable 1 will enable the inputs 1 and 2 and outputs 1 and 2 which means motor 1. Furthermore, enable 2 will enable inputs and outputs 3 and 4 which are motor 2.
7
L293D
It is a dual H-bridge motor driver.
Can control two motors.
16 pins.
Out put current of 600 mA and peak output current 1.2 per channel.
Power supply can be as large as 36 volts.
for protection of circuit from back EMF output diodes are included within the L293D.
Circuit Connections
Pin 1 and 9 are the 2 enable pins in which pin 1 enables motor 1 and pin 9 enables motor 2. The L293D has four output pins connected to its input terminals and various logics can be provided to control the motor’s direction. The motor 1 would be connected across output 1 and 2 which are pin 3 and 6 while the motor 2 would be connected across output 3 and 4 which are pins 11 and 14. Pins 4, 5, 12 and 13 are connected to the ground while pins 16 and 8 are connected to VCC=5V.
The diagram below shows the L293D’s circuit connections.
9.
STAT200: Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup - Instructions
Page 1 of 3
STAT200 Introduction to Statistics
Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup
Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup
In the first assignment (Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Analysis Data Plan), you developed a
scenario about annual household expenditures and a plan for analyzing the data using descriptive
statistic methods. The purpose of this assignment is to carry out the descriptive statistics analysis plan
and write up the results. The expected outcome of this assignment is a two to three page write-up of
the findings from your analysis as well as a recommendation.
Assignment Steps:
Step #1: Review Feedback from Your Instructor
Before performing any analysis, please make sure to review your instructor’s feedback on Assignment
#1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan. Based on the feedback, modify variables, tables, and
selected statistics, graphs, and tables, if needed.
Step #2: Perform Descriptive Statistic Analysis
Task 1: Look at the dataset.
• (Re)Familiarize yourself with the variables. Review Table 1: Variables Selected for the
Analysis you generated for the first assignment as well as your instructor’s feedback. In
addition, look at the data dictionary contained in the data set for information about the
variables.
• Select the variables you need for the analysis.
Task 2: Complete your data analysis, as outlined in your first assignment, with any needed
modifications, based on your instructor’s feedback.
• Calculate Measures of Central Tendency and Variability. Use the information from
Assignment #1 - Table 2. Numerical Summaries of the Selected Variables. Here again,
be sure to see your instructor’s feedback and incorporate into the analysis.
• Prepare Graphs and/or Tables. Use the information from Assignment #1 - Table 3.
Type of Graphs and/or Tables for Selected Variables. Here again, be sure to see your
instructor’s feedback and incorporate into the analysis.
STAT200: Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup - Instructions
Page 2 of 3
Step #3: Write-up findings using the Provided Template
For this part of the assignment, write a short 2-3 page write-up of the process you followed and the
findings from your analysis. You will describe, in words, the statistical analysis used and present the
results in both statistical/text and graphic formats.
Here are the main sections for this assignment:
✓ Identifying Information. Fill in information on name, class, instructor, and date.
✓ Introduction. For this section, use the same scenario you submitted for the first assignment and
modified using your instructor’s feedback, if needed. Include Table 1 (Table 1: Variables
Selected for the Analysis) you used in Assignment #1 to show the variables you selected for the
analysis.
✓ Data .
Building Pre-algebra Skills through Project Based Learningccpc
Khanh Bui
Associate for Curriculum Development
ConnectEd: The California Center for College and Career
Berkeley, CA
Pier Sun Ho
Senior Associate for Curriculum Development
ConnectEd: The California Center for College and Career
Berkeley, CA
This highly interactive session introduces participants to a set of engineering- and technology-related, project-based pre-algebra units. They are suitable for a summer school program, after-school supplementary instruction, or a middle-school pre-algebra class. Participants complete a modified activity that illustrates actual classroom instruction.
EGME 476B -- Energy and Power LaboratoryGUIDELINES FOR MEMO .docxSALU18
EGME 476B -- Energy and Power Laboratory
GUIDELINES FOR MEMO REPORTS
Each student will turn in an individual memo report on each experiment conducted in the laboratory for the EGME 476B course.
A memo report is intended to convey information effectively to a reader (e.g., an instructor, supervisor, or technical manager) who is familiar with and knowledgeable about the experiment. It should be written in a concise manner but it must be complete and informative. The main text of the memo report must be typed with font size of 12 with a minimum of 1.5 line spacing. Use headings to divide the memo report into different sections. All pages must be numbered.
Organization of the Memo Report
· Cover Sheet with student’s name, course number and title, title of experiment, date of experiment, names of other lab group partners.
· Memo format on top of the first page as follows:
TO : Pradeep Sharma
FROM : Your Name
DATE : Date of Report
SUBJECT : Lab # and Title of Experiment
· Introduction
This should be a brief and concise description of the objective or purpose of the experiment. It should set the stage of your work and report.
· Experimental Method
Describe the equipment and experimental procedures used. This should have sufficient detail but should not be excessive. Provide schematic of the experimental set-up and a table of equipment specifications if necessary. Use digital images if they can help.
These should be stated as successive, instructional steps required to conduct the experiment. Present in bullet form.
If details of the procedure or Experimental Methods need to be included, they should be added to the Attachment section and referred to in this section of the report.
· Theory
This should be very brief and should directly address the main relations and equations to be used in the performance and calculations for the experiment. Ensure that the relationships are sequential and that all the symbols and units are explained. All equations should be sequentially numbered.
If details of the Theory are to be included, they should be added to the Attachment section and a referred to in this section of the report.
· Results and Discussion
This is the most important section of your memo report. All the final results should be presented up front in the order in which they were asked. They should be easy-to-read, decipher, and available in at-a-glance views. The final results can be presented in both graphical and numerical form, as needed. Figures can be presented using software packages such as Excel, Mathcad and MATLAB. Make sure that each figure is self-explanatory and easy to read without relying on the accompanying text.
All axes should have labels and the corresponding engineering units should be identified. Each figure and table should have a caption with number and descriptive title. Symbols or legends used for different data sets should be shown.
In the Discussion section, the results ...
Course Project
Spring 2021
Intended learning outcomes:
1. Utilizing all the techniques been described in class
2. Design a new system to achieve a specific goal and produce a fancy product
3. Use up-to-date technology in the design
4. Publishing a paper
Your project is Reseacrh Type
1. The theme of all the projects is “State Space with Applications”
2. The output from the research is:
a. An IEEE research paper (attached on BB)
b. Power point presentation
3. The output should cover all the following items:
a. Title
b. Authors names with their affiliations,
c. Abstract
d. Introduction,
e. Related works
f. Methodology,
g. Analysis and results
h. Discussions
i. Conclusions
j. References
k. You enrich your report by tables, equations, figures, images,…
4. The rubrics is as follows:
Standards
5 - 4
Exemplary
3 - 2
Satisfactory
1-0
Unacceptable
Abstract
Clearly states problem and question to be resolved; summarizes method, results, and conclusions
Summarizes problem, approach, findings, and outcomes but lacks some details
Is vague about the problem; does not provide a summary of the whole project
Introduction
Provides an introduction to the subject. Address the problem with clarity and a strong rationale/justification. States the objective of the study
Provides an introduction to the subject but does not address the problem with clarity and a strong rationale/justification. Objective not clear
Provides an introduction but does not describe the problem to be solved; fails to explain the details and objectives of the study.
Literature Review
Provides extensive background research into the topic and summarizes important findings from the review of the literature, including critical reading, justifies the current study, explains the significance of the problem.
Provides some background research into the topic and describes the problem to be solved. Some important findings from the review of the literature are listed but no critical reading or justification
Provides some background research into the topic but does not describe the problem to be solved; fails to summarize important findings from the review of the literature including critical reading.
Methodology
Presents easy-to-follow steps that are logical and adequately detailed; include all needed equations
Presents most of the steps but lacks in details or explanation of the procedure
Misses procedural steps has steps that are not sequential, missing explanation
Results and Discussion
Provides a complete explanation of data and results
Explains data and results with some aspects lacking detail
Lacks description of data and results
Conclusion
Presents a logical explanation for findings; addresses recommendations and/or implications for further research or use/application
Presents a reasonable explanation for findings
Does not adequately explain findings
References
Appropriately documents sources with journal papers
Few or old documents sources
Neglects important sources or documen ...
reportDescription.docxETME 4143LThermodynamics and Heat Tran.docxdebishakespeare
reportDescription.docx
ETME 4143L
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Laboratory
Formal Report
Assignment Description
The purpose of the formal report is to comprehensively communicate results of your experiment using your pre-lab report as a draft. Formal reports must include the following sections.
The instructor will conduct a preliminary review of each report to evaluate technical writing skills. Upon the discretion of the instructor, reports that do not significantly satisfy the criteria outlined in the Technical Writing Evaluation Checklist will earn a grade of 50 with no further consideration.
Cover Page (5 points)
The formal report requires a specific cover page which is available on Moodle.
Table of Contents (5 points)
The Table of Contents lists all section and sub-section titles and the page numbers that correspond to the beginning of every section and sub-section. Its format should conform to that specified in the Chicago Manual of Style.
Overall Report Quality (10 points)
A technical report should be written with an emphasis placed on format, presentation of tables and figures, and overall writing skills. See document titled Technical Writing Evaluation Checklist for more detail.
Summary (15 points)
The Summary is limited to 300 words and does not include nor reference tables, graphs, or figures that may be included in the body of your report. Its purpose is to communicate key messages excerpted from other sections of your report, which is why it is written last. It must explain why the experiment was conducted, its scientific and/or practical relevance, results of calculations, and a brief discussion and conclusion about the results.This section must stand alone.You must assume that it is the only part of the report that will actually be read by your supervisor or client.
The Summary section must briefly answer each of the following questions:
· What was the purpose of the experiment?
· What is its scientific and/or practical relevance?
· How was the experimentconducted? What equipment was used?
· What engineering assumptions were made when analyzing sampledata?
· What are the key results based on experimentaldata? Include specific values with units of measure.
· Do results fall within expected ranges? Justify based on theory or research.
· What are some possible limitations or sources of error associated with the experiment and/or data analysis?
· What conclusions or recommendations should be made based on experimental resultsand why?
The order of these questions may change depending on how you structure this section of the report. Be sure to change to past tense verbs and report actual experimental data and results prior to cutting and pasting from your pre-lab report.
Introduction (10 points)
This section provides a comprehensive description of the engineering theory, practical applications, and contemporary issues associated with the experiment. It first briefly reiterates the purpose of the experiment and ...
The proposed project aims to investigate and compare numerical methods for solving differential equations and their applications in engineering and scientific fields. The results of this project are expected to contribute to the development of improved numerical methods for solving differential equations, which are essential for modeling and predicting physical phenomena in various fields.
Case Study Research paper- report Spring 20201) Total points.docxzebadiahsummers
Case Study Research paper- report Spring 2020
1) Total points 100 and Optional Presentation =10 points must be 5-6 Power points 4-5 Minutes.
2) So, expectation is to submit a Research Paper (13-14 PAGES) + PowerPoint Presentation on the Research Paper.
2) All Case Study Assignment due: Must post on Black Board; before the beginning of the class
: Thursday 5/04/2020 No Email attachments the late work will not be accepted
3) Individual work. All written submissions must be typed in 12-point font and double spaced.
4) The papers should be logically organized, reflect a theoretical or research foundation where applicable.
5) On Cover Page. a) Title of your Case Study Report and Make sure that b) Last Name c) First name,
d) Class row number e) Professor Hemati f) Spring 2020
Select a Case Study to cover 3-4 topics We discussed and apply in your field of your Major-Program of study (MY MAJOR is ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING); related to Process developments or Services, of Application and Implementation of capital equipment’s Selections and Replacements, and/ or Future needs.
Interest and Equivalence Economic; Present Worth and Annual Cash Flow Analysis
Choosing the Best Alternative; Income Tax; Replacement Analysis; Inflation and Price Change
Safety and Environmental Needs in the Public or Private Sector.
Application: Case Study:
100 Points
· Proposal of Case Study; Explain the Issues or concerns and report
10 points
· Apply various Engineering Economy techniques (at least 3-methods)
20 points
· Apply relevant formulas and Assumption for financial analysis.
10 points
· Explanation in Detail economy analysis in the Private or Public sector
20 points
· Apply economic analysis in managerial decision and recommendations
20 points
· With are alternatives and future risk, factor?
10 points
· Conclusion and Recommendations with alternative options
10 points
Course Objectives
To Offer Framework for cost management in engineering Projects.
· To offer assistance in managerial decision making
· To introduce fundamentals of Personal, Private and Public-sector Financing Engineering Project
· Apply Mathematics of finance to engineering and managerial decision making.
· Introduce the fundamentals of economic analysis used in engineering decision making.
· To introduce Economic Analysis of Replacement and Retention Decisions
· To prepare students for PE/FE Examinations
Course Learning Outcomes:
This course is one of many that you will take towards your degree in Civil, Construction or Environmental Engineering. Each of our courses are designed as part of your career development in your respective Engineering profession. Program Outcomes are intended to provide a broad base of knowledge to find your career. However, each course in the curriculum emphasizes particular aspects of that overall body of knowledge. Although other outcomes may also be ad.
What is technical writing, and how does it fit into your content marketing strategy? Businesses with specialized products and services typically need to hire technical writers to create customer-friendly documents.
One motivating factor for this is that you can reduce support costs and enhance the client experience through easy-to-follow guides and manuals.
Simplifying sophisticated concepts for audiences of different knowledge levels is a specialized task. Technical writers transform material often considered dry into engaging content that informs, attracts, and retains customers.
Technical writers apply their deep understanding to convey complex information to a defined audience. They write user guides, case studies, white papers, blogs, marketing materials, and other types of content.
A good report is easy to recognize. Its title is precise and informative and its format logical to the reader, with headings to indicate the content of each section. Diagrams are well-presented and clearly labelled. There are no absolute rules on report production because every report must be adapted to the needs of its reader. This guide, however, suggests that there are laws of good report writing which should be generally applied. If participants keep these rules in mind; their reports are more likely to attract readers, directing them towards relevant, clear information and steer them towards the desired response. Taking shortcuts to save time and money are counterproductive if the reader is left confused by the report or decides it’s too difficult to work out what you are trying to say.
A good report is easy to recognize. Its title is precise and informative and its format logical to the reader, with headings to indicate the content of each section. Diagrams are well-presented and clearly labelled. There are no absolute rules on report production because every report must be adapted to the needs of its reader. This guide, however, suggests that there are laws of good report writing which should be generally applied. If participants keep these rules in mind; their reports are more likely to attract readers, directing them towards relevant, clear information and steer them towards the desired response. Taking shortcuts to save time and money are counterproductive if the reader is left confused by the report or decides it’s too difficult to work out what you are trying to say.
· ;,Individual Research Paper TopicsDiscussion TopicIm Done.docxoswald1horne84988
· ;/,/Individual Research Paper Topics
Discussion Topic
I'm Done
Research the speculations on where the state-of-the-art will be in the near future for one of the following technologies. Your paper should include a description of the state-of-the-art in your technology, a discussion of where the sources that you read believe the technology is heading in the near future, and a discussion of how this technology will affect the choices you would make if you were making purchase recommendations for a client. Although there is room for personal opinion in your paper, you must justify your conclusions.
Firewall policies and methodologies
Intrusion Detection
Routing protocols
Wireless network quality of services
Compare layer 2 wireless network with layer 2 wired-line network
Comparing transport layer protocols – more than TCP and UDP
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Network virtualization
Video and Voice over Internet (VVoIP) or Voice over Internet (VoIP)
Cellular network infrastructure
Big Data
Fog Computing
Cloud Computing
The Internet of Everything (IoE)
Network management
Disaster Recovery
Quality of Services (QoS) at different layers
Cyber security
Note: Most of the listed topics are very broad, so you should narrow your research to some specific technical aspects related to the subject.
· Research Paper Guidelines
Discussion Topic
I'm Done
The different types of research can be classified as Theoretical, Empirical, and Evaluation. Theoretical research is focused on explaining phenomena through the logical analysis and synthesis of theories, principles, and the results of other forms of research such as empirical studies. Empirical research is focused on testing conclusions related to theories. Evaluation research is focused on a particular program, product or method, usually in an applied setting, for the purpose of describing, improving, or estimating its effectiveness and worth.
Research methods are broadly classified as Quantitative and Qualitative.
· Quantitative research includes experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, and other methods that primarily involve collection of quantitative data and its analysis using inferential statistics such as t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis.
· Qualitative research includes observation, case studies, diaries, interviews, and other methods that primarily involve the collection of qualitative data and its analysis using grounded theory and ethnographic approaches. The Case Study method provides a way of studying human events and actions in their natural surroundings. It captures people and events as they appear in their daily circumstance. It can offer a researcher empirical and theoretical gains in understanding phenomena.
You, as an adult learner, bring a wealth of expertise to your studies. This knowledge and skills should be used to formulate a research paper that raises new questions, new possibilities, and regards existing problems from a new angle. Effecti.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Building Pre-algebra Skills through Project Based Learningccpc
Khanh Bui
Associate for Curriculum Development
ConnectEd: The California Center for College and Career
Berkeley, CA
Pier Sun Ho
Senior Associate for Curriculum Development
ConnectEd: The California Center for College and Career
Berkeley, CA
This highly interactive session introduces participants to a set of engineering- and technology-related, project-based pre-algebra units. They are suitable for a summer school program, after-school supplementary instruction, or a middle-school pre-algebra class. Participants complete a modified activity that illustrates actual classroom instruction.
EGME 476B -- Energy and Power LaboratoryGUIDELINES FOR MEMO .docxSALU18
EGME 476B -- Energy and Power Laboratory
GUIDELINES FOR MEMO REPORTS
Each student will turn in an individual memo report on each experiment conducted in the laboratory for the EGME 476B course.
A memo report is intended to convey information effectively to a reader (e.g., an instructor, supervisor, or technical manager) who is familiar with and knowledgeable about the experiment. It should be written in a concise manner but it must be complete and informative. The main text of the memo report must be typed with font size of 12 with a minimum of 1.5 line spacing. Use headings to divide the memo report into different sections. All pages must be numbered.
Organization of the Memo Report
· Cover Sheet with student’s name, course number and title, title of experiment, date of experiment, names of other lab group partners.
· Memo format on top of the first page as follows:
TO : Pradeep Sharma
FROM : Your Name
DATE : Date of Report
SUBJECT : Lab # and Title of Experiment
· Introduction
This should be a brief and concise description of the objective or purpose of the experiment. It should set the stage of your work and report.
· Experimental Method
Describe the equipment and experimental procedures used. This should have sufficient detail but should not be excessive. Provide schematic of the experimental set-up and a table of equipment specifications if necessary. Use digital images if they can help.
These should be stated as successive, instructional steps required to conduct the experiment. Present in bullet form.
If details of the procedure or Experimental Methods need to be included, they should be added to the Attachment section and referred to in this section of the report.
· Theory
This should be very brief and should directly address the main relations and equations to be used in the performance and calculations for the experiment. Ensure that the relationships are sequential and that all the symbols and units are explained. All equations should be sequentially numbered.
If details of the Theory are to be included, they should be added to the Attachment section and a referred to in this section of the report.
· Results and Discussion
This is the most important section of your memo report. All the final results should be presented up front in the order in which they were asked. They should be easy-to-read, decipher, and available in at-a-glance views. The final results can be presented in both graphical and numerical form, as needed. Figures can be presented using software packages such as Excel, Mathcad and MATLAB. Make sure that each figure is self-explanatory and easy to read without relying on the accompanying text.
All axes should have labels and the corresponding engineering units should be identified. Each figure and table should have a caption with number and descriptive title. Symbols or legends used for different data sets should be shown.
In the Discussion section, the results ...
Course Project
Spring 2021
Intended learning outcomes:
1. Utilizing all the techniques been described in class
2. Design a new system to achieve a specific goal and produce a fancy product
3. Use up-to-date technology in the design
4. Publishing a paper
Your project is Reseacrh Type
1. The theme of all the projects is “State Space with Applications”
2. The output from the research is:
a. An IEEE research paper (attached on BB)
b. Power point presentation
3. The output should cover all the following items:
a. Title
b. Authors names with their affiliations,
c. Abstract
d. Introduction,
e. Related works
f. Methodology,
g. Analysis and results
h. Discussions
i. Conclusions
j. References
k. You enrich your report by tables, equations, figures, images,…
4. The rubrics is as follows:
Standards
5 - 4
Exemplary
3 - 2
Satisfactory
1-0
Unacceptable
Abstract
Clearly states problem and question to be resolved; summarizes method, results, and conclusions
Summarizes problem, approach, findings, and outcomes but lacks some details
Is vague about the problem; does not provide a summary of the whole project
Introduction
Provides an introduction to the subject. Address the problem with clarity and a strong rationale/justification. States the objective of the study
Provides an introduction to the subject but does not address the problem with clarity and a strong rationale/justification. Objective not clear
Provides an introduction but does not describe the problem to be solved; fails to explain the details and objectives of the study.
Literature Review
Provides extensive background research into the topic and summarizes important findings from the review of the literature, including critical reading, justifies the current study, explains the significance of the problem.
Provides some background research into the topic and describes the problem to be solved. Some important findings from the review of the literature are listed but no critical reading or justification
Provides some background research into the topic but does not describe the problem to be solved; fails to summarize important findings from the review of the literature including critical reading.
Methodology
Presents easy-to-follow steps that are logical and adequately detailed; include all needed equations
Presents most of the steps but lacks in details or explanation of the procedure
Misses procedural steps has steps that are not sequential, missing explanation
Results and Discussion
Provides a complete explanation of data and results
Explains data and results with some aspects lacking detail
Lacks description of data and results
Conclusion
Presents a logical explanation for findings; addresses recommendations and/or implications for further research or use/application
Presents a reasonable explanation for findings
Does not adequately explain findings
References
Appropriately documents sources with journal papers
Few or old documents sources
Neglects important sources or documen ...
reportDescription.docxETME 4143LThermodynamics and Heat Tran.docxdebishakespeare
reportDescription.docx
ETME 4143L
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Laboratory
Formal Report
Assignment Description
The purpose of the formal report is to comprehensively communicate results of your experiment using your pre-lab report as a draft. Formal reports must include the following sections.
The instructor will conduct a preliminary review of each report to evaluate technical writing skills. Upon the discretion of the instructor, reports that do not significantly satisfy the criteria outlined in the Technical Writing Evaluation Checklist will earn a grade of 50 with no further consideration.
Cover Page (5 points)
The formal report requires a specific cover page which is available on Moodle.
Table of Contents (5 points)
The Table of Contents lists all section and sub-section titles and the page numbers that correspond to the beginning of every section and sub-section. Its format should conform to that specified in the Chicago Manual of Style.
Overall Report Quality (10 points)
A technical report should be written with an emphasis placed on format, presentation of tables and figures, and overall writing skills. See document titled Technical Writing Evaluation Checklist for more detail.
Summary (15 points)
The Summary is limited to 300 words and does not include nor reference tables, graphs, or figures that may be included in the body of your report. Its purpose is to communicate key messages excerpted from other sections of your report, which is why it is written last. It must explain why the experiment was conducted, its scientific and/or practical relevance, results of calculations, and a brief discussion and conclusion about the results.This section must stand alone.You must assume that it is the only part of the report that will actually be read by your supervisor or client.
The Summary section must briefly answer each of the following questions:
· What was the purpose of the experiment?
· What is its scientific and/or practical relevance?
· How was the experimentconducted? What equipment was used?
· What engineering assumptions were made when analyzing sampledata?
· What are the key results based on experimentaldata? Include specific values with units of measure.
· Do results fall within expected ranges? Justify based on theory or research.
· What are some possible limitations or sources of error associated with the experiment and/or data analysis?
· What conclusions or recommendations should be made based on experimental resultsand why?
The order of these questions may change depending on how you structure this section of the report. Be sure to change to past tense verbs and report actual experimental data and results prior to cutting and pasting from your pre-lab report.
Introduction (10 points)
This section provides a comprehensive description of the engineering theory, practical applications, and contemporary issues associated with the experiment. It first briefly reiterates the purpose of the experiment and ...
The proposed project aims to investigate and compare numerical methods for solving differential equations and their applications in engineering and scientific fields. The results of this project are expected to contribute to the development of improved numerical methods for solving differential equations, which are essential for modeling and predicting physical phenomena in various fields.
Case Study Research paper- report Spring 20201) Total points.docxzebadiahsummers
Case Study Research paper- report Spring 2020
1) Total points 100 and Optional Presentation =10 points must be 5-6 Power points 4-5 Minutes.
2) So, expectation is to submit a Research Paper (13-14 PAGES) + PowerPoint Presentation on the Research Paper.
2) All Case Study Assignment due: Must post on Black Board; before the beginning of the class
: Thursday 5/04/2020 No Email attachments the late work will not be accepted
3) Individual work. All written submissions must be typed in 12-point font and double spaced.
4) The papers should be logically organized, reflect a theoretical or research foundation where applicable.
5) On Cover Page. a) Title of your Case Study Report and Make sure that b) Last Name c) First name,
d) Class row number e) Professor Hemati f) Spring 2020
Select a Case Study to cover 3-4 topics We discussed and apply in your field of your Major-Program of study (MY MAJOR is ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING); related to Process developments or Services, of Application and Implementation of capital equipment’s Selections and Replacements, and/ or Future needs.
Interest and Equivalence Economic; Present Worth and Annual Cash Flow Analysis
Choosing the Best Alternative; Income Tax; Replacement Analysis; Inflation and Price Change
Safety and Environmental Needs in the Public or Private Sector.
Application: Case Study:
100 Points
· Proposal of Case Study; Explain the Issues or concerns and report
10 points
· Apply various Engineering Economy techniques (at least 3-methods)
20 points
· Apply relevant formulas and Assumption for financial analysis.
10 points
· Explanation in Detail economy analysis in the Private or Public sector
20 points
· Apply economic analysis in managerial decision and recommendations
20 points
· With are alternatives and future risk, factor?
10 points
· Conclusion and Recommendations with alternative options
10 points
Course Objectives
To Offer Framework for cost management in engineering Projects.
· To offer assistance in managerial decision making
· To introduce fundamentals of Personal, Private and Public-sector Financing Engineering Project
· Apply Mathematics of finance to engineering and managerial decision making.
· Introduce the fundamentals of economic analysis used in engineering decision making.
· To introduce Economic Analysis of Replacement and Retention Decisions
· To prepare students for PE/FE Examinations
Course Learning Outcomes:
This course is one of many that you will take towards your degree in Civil, Construction or Environmental Engineering. Each of our courses are designed as part of your career development in your respective Engineering profession. Program Outcomes are intended to provide a broad base of knowledge to find your career. However, each course in the curriculum emphasizes particular aspects of that overall body of knowledge. Although other outcomes may also be ad.
What is technical writing, and how does it fit into your content marketing strategy? Businesses with specialized products and services typically need to hire technical writers to create customer-friendly documents.
One motivating factor for this is that you can reduce support costs and enhance the client experience through easy-to-follow guides and manuals.
Simplifying sophisticated concepts for audiences of different knowledge levels is a specialized task. Technical writers transform material often considered dry into engaging content that informs, attracts, and retains customers.
Technical writers apply their deep understanding to convey complex information to a defined audience. They write user guides, case studies, white papers, blogs, marketing materials, and other types of content.
A good report is easy to recognize. Its title is precise and informative and its format logical to the reader, with headings to indicate the content of each section. Diagrams are well-presented and clearly labelled. There are no absolute rules on report production because every report must be adapted to the needs of its reader. This guide, however, suggests that there are laws of good report writing which should be generally applied. If participants keep these rules in mind; their reports are more likely to attract readers, directing them towards relevant, clear information and steer them towards the desired response. Taking shortcuts to save time and money are counterproductive if the reader is left confused by the report or decides it’s too difficult to work out what you are trying to say.
A good report is easy to recognize. Its title is precise and informative and its format logical to the reader, with headings to indicate the content of each section. Diagrams are well-presented and clearly labelled. There are no absolute rules on report production because every report must be adapted to the needs of its reader. This guide, however, suggests that there are laws of good report writing which should be generally applied. If participants keep these rules in mind; their reports are more likely to attract readers, directing them towards relevant, clear information and steer them towards the desired response. Taking shortcuts to save time and money are counterproductive if the reader is left confused by the report or decides it’s too difficult to work out what you are trying to say.
· ;,Individual Research Paper TopicsDiscussion TopicIm Done.docxoswald1horne84988
· ;/,/Individual Research Paper Topics
Discussion Topic
I'm Done
Research the speculations on where the state-of-the-art will be in the near future for one of the following technologies. Your paper should include a description of the state-of-the-art in your technology, a discussion of where the sources that you read believe the technology is heading in the near future, and a discussion of how this technology will affect the choices you would make if you were making purchase recommendations for a client. Although there is room for personal opinion in your paper, you must justify your conclusions.
Firewall policies and methodologies
Intrusion Detection
Routing protocols
Wireless network quality of services
Compare layer 2 wireless network with layer 2 wired-line network
Comparing transport layer protocols – more than TCP and UDP
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Network virtualization
Video and Voice over Internet (VVoIP) or Voice over Internet (VoIP)
Cellular network infrastructure
Big Data
Fog Computing
Cloud Computing
The Internet of Everything (IoE)
Network management
Disaster Recovery
Quality of Services (QoS) at different layers
Cyber security
Note: Most of the listed topics are very broad, so you should narrow your research to some specific technical aspects related to the subject.
· Research Paper Guidelines
Discussion Topic
I'm Done
The different types of research can be classified as Theoretical, Empirical, and Evaluation. Theoretical research is focused on explaining phenomena through the logical analysis and synthesis of theories, principles, and the results of other forms of research such as empirical studies. Empirical research is focused on testing conclusions related to theories. Evaluation research is focused on a particular program, product or method, usually in an applied setting, for the purpose of describing, improving, or estimating its effectiveness and worth.
Research methods are broadly classified as Quantitative and Qualitative.
· Quantitative research includes experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, and other methods that primarily involve collection of quantitative data and its analysis using inferential statistics such as t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis.
· Qualitative research includes observation, case studies, diaries, interviews, and other methods that primarily involve the collection of qualitative data and its analysis using grounded theory and ethnographic approaches. The Case Study method provides a way of studying human events and actions in their natural surroundings. It captures people and events as they appear in their daily circumstance. It can offer a researcher empirical and theoretical gains in understanding phenomena.
You, as an adult learner, bring a wealth of expertise to your studies. This knowledge and skills should be used to formulate a research paper that raises new questions, new possibilities, and regards existing problems from a new angle. Effecti.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)
Publication Journal
1. Evaluating Manuscript For
Journal Publication
by
T.M. Indra Mahlia
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Universiti Tenaga Nasional
43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: indra@uniten.edu.my
2. Slide No. 2
Type of journal paper
Full article/paper
Communication
Technical note/Note
Data bank
Viewpoint
Review
Letter
etc
3. Slide No. 3
Title
Does the title represent the content?
• Is it correct?
• Is it clear?
• Is it complete?
• Is it concise?
Example:
Exergy analysis for day lighting,
electric lighting and space cooling
systems for a room space in a tropical
climate
4. Slide No. 4
Authorship
Anyone who had an important role, requiring
creativity, professional judgement or both to:
• Original idea for the research
• The conception and design of the study.
• The analysis and interpretation of the
study.
• Drafting or revising the manuscript
critically.
• Approving the final version for publication.
Note:
• Remember, the name will be used forever.
6. Slide No. 6
Abstract
• Background of the research
• Objectives of the research
• Methodology (experimental setup and
methods of assessing )
• Brief of important results
• Key conclusions
• Avoid acronym
Re-Check:
• Is the abstract correct?
• Is it clear?
• Is it concise?
7. Slide No. 7
Keywords
• Copy some keywords from the title
• Usually 3 – 6 depends on the journals
• Must represent your work
Example:
Title: Exergy analysis for day lighting,
electric lighting and space cooling systems
for a room space in a tropical climate
Keywords: Exergy analysis; Day lighting;
Electric lighting; Air conditioner
8. Slide No. 8
Nomenclatures
Have you include all of the
nomenclatures used?
Check all unit for nomenclatures.
Are you using consistent unit?
Please check.
If less than 6, need no
nomenclatures, just write in the text.
Use standard nomenclatures
Example:
F : Force (N)
a : Acceleration (m/s2)
9. Slide No. 9
Introduction
Start from the broad context
Tell the reader what is already known
Tell what is not yet known or what the problems are.
Tell what you have decided to do.
Write your objective(s) at the end of Introduction.
Example;
To clearly present the energy use for daylighting,
electric lighting, and space cooling systems as a series
of exergy input, output and consumption
To elucidate how a day lighting system consumes
solar exergy, and how an electric lighting and
conventional space cooling system consume exergy
originally from fossil fuel.
10. Slide No. 10
Methodology
Tell the reader how you get the data.
Tell the reader how you get the tables.
Tell the reader how you get the graphs.
Does every result have a method?
Is the sequence of the paragraphs and
equations logical?
All equations need references.
Are the subheadings appropriate?
Can this method be repeated by other?
Do we need a flowchart?
11. Slide No. 11
Results and discussion
RESULTS
Try to put it in graphs and tables form.
Are there any repetitions? If YES, delete or
change it.
Look back at your objective(s) and compare
with your graphs and tables, are they what
you want?
12. Slide No. 12
Criteria for determining type of graph to use
Comparison to be made Type of graph Message
___________________________________________________________________
Of components Pie Size of each part as a
percentage of a whole
Of items Bar Relative amounts of different
variables
Over time Column Changes in amount
Line Trends
Frequency Histogram Numbers of items that fall into
Polygon line a series of progressive
numerical ratings
Correlation Scatter plot Relation between two variables
Results and discussion
Choice of graphs
13. Slide No. 13
Results and discussion
Pie graph: Natural gas production share in
Indonesia
Comparison of components
14. Slide No. 14
Results and discussion
Bar graph: annual exergy consumption
To compare values across categories
15. Slide No. 15
Colum graph: Respondent understanding for each type of labels
66
53
131
28
42
119
42.42%
79.25%
90.84%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Type A Type B Type C
Percentage
of
respondet
Number
of
respondent
To compare values across categories
Results and discussion
16. Slide No. 16
Colum line graph: percentage fuel mix electricity
generation in Malaysia
To compare contribution of each value to a total
across categories
Results and discussion
17. Slide No. 17
Correlation between two variables
Baseline
Design
0+Improve
fin
design
1+Improve
tube
design
2+Add
of
refrigerant
tube
(2
extra
rows)
3+Use
variable
speed
compressor
4+Increase
in
frontal
coil
area
(30%)
5+Improve
compressor
efficiency
(15%)
6+Use
of
R-410a
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
6.50 7.50 8.50 9.50 10.50 11.50 12.50 13.50 14.50
Appliance
Prices
(RM)
EER (Btu/Wh)
Scatter graph: EER and price improvement of an AC
Results and discussion
18. Slide No. 18
Results and discussion
Correlation between three variables
16405
14964
14003
12454
11502
10978
10541 10526
0.00
0.04
0.07
0.30
0.50
0.67
0.85
1.23
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
7.32 8.13 8.78 10.18 11.40 12.31 13.30 13.96
Payback
Period
(Yrs)
Life
Cycle
Cost
(RM)
EER (Btu/Wh)
LCC
PAY
Scatter graph: correlation between EER, LCC and PP of an AC
19. Slide No. 19
DISCUSSION
Look back your objective(s) and compare to
graphs and tables you get.
Compare with other published material.
Discuss in particular any differences in results.
Explain your findings.
Discuss the implications of your finding.
Explain limitations and biases.
Explain strengths and weaknesses in relation to
other studies.
Explain how your results fit into the broad field
you described in the introduction.
Discuss unanswered questions and potential
future work.
Results and discussion
20. Slide No. 20
Conclusions
The conclusion consists of the answer
to the objectives.
How many objective?
The number of your conclusion must
be similar to the number your
objectives or more.
Mention about the implication of the
study.
It is not another summary of your
results.
21. Slide No. 21
Acknowledgments
Have you acknowledged all of the
relevant parties that have contributed
to your research?
Example;
The authors would like to thank the Ministry of
Higher Education of Malaysia and The
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
for the financial support under PJP Grant No:
RG41-09AET and DR. H.S.C. Metselaar for
proof reading of the manuscript.
22. Slide No. 22
References
Use EndNote if possible
Cite some important papers
Cite recent papers
Cite some of your or your supervisor
work
Follow journal guidelines (There are
different ways to write reference for
journal, proceeding, report and etc).
If the reference used a language other
than English, it should be stated.
Check using TURNITIN and submit.
23. Submission
Tables, graphs etc sould be placed in the appropriate place
(after references).
First, list of Tables, then list of Figures.
Tables and figures
Cite some of your or your supervisor work
Follow journal guidelines (There are different ways to write
reference for journal, proceeding, report and etc).
If the reference used a language other than English, it should
be stated.
Check using TURNITIN and submit.
24. Slide No. 24
Wisdom of Two Scientists
IMAGINATION is more important than
KNOWLEDGE –
A. Einstein
It is not the biggest, not the strongest,
but the one most responsive to
CHANGE that will SURVIVE –
C. Darwin