Public administration and governance affect government efficiency and effectiveness. Good governance elements include accountability, participation, predictability, and transparency. Poor public administration and bad governance have hindered development in many countries by preventing economic benefits from reaching the masses. The Philippines has taken steps to improve governance such as constituting anti-corruption agencies, increasing private sector participation, and reforming bureaucratic inefficiencies. However, gaps remain including weak priority setting, unclear accountability, and an outdated civil service system. Recommendations include developing a new work culture, streamlining bureaucracy, and strengthening performance-based management.

1. Public Administration and Governance:
How they affect Government Efficiency and
Effectiveness?
Joel G. Polintan
Patricia A. Sto Tomas and Joel V. Mangahas

2. Patricia A. Sto Tomas
• Graduate of Master of
Public Administration from
the John F Kennedy School
of Government of Harvard
University
• Former Chairperson of CSC
• Former Secretary of DOLE
Joel V. Mangahas, Ph D
• He was a professor of public
administration and governan
ce at the University of the Ph
ilippines (UP) and a profess
orial lecturer at the UP Coll
ege of Education
• Doctor of Philosophy, Master
of Public Administration (Dea
n’s List) and Bachelor of Arts
from the University of the
Philippines
• Graduate of Master of Public
Administration from the John
F Kennedy School of
Government of Harvard
University

3. • Defined as the sound exercise of political,
economic and administrative authority to
manage country’s resources for development
• Encompasses not only the affairs of government
but emphasizes the proactive role of the private
sector and the civil society in national
development
Governance

4. Basic Elements of Good Governance
• Accountability-means making public officials answerable for
government behavior and responsive to entity from which
they derive authority
• Participation- refers to enhancing peoples’ access to and
influence on public policy processes
• Predictability- refers to the existence of laws, regulations,
and policies to regulate society and their fair and consistent
application
• Transparency- refers to the availability of information to
the general public and clarity about government rules,
regulations and decisions

5. • Good Governance-missing link in the poverty reduction
efforts of many developing country
• Poor Public Administration-reason why many countries
continue to remain underdeveloped
• Bad Governance-is the reason why broad economic
intervention strategies are unable to “trickle down” and
they remain unfelt by the masses of people

6. Sound of Development Management
Roles of the State
• Creating a conducive economic environment
• Protecting the vulnerable
• Improving government efficiency and responsiveness
• Empowering people and democratizing the political
system
• Decentralizing the administrative system
• Reducing gaps between rich and poor
• Encouraging cultural diversity and social integration
• Protecting the environment

7. Recent and Current Initiatives of
Governance

8. Existing Policy Support
1987 Constitution
• Provides strong and
explicit support to good
governance
• Holds public officers and
employees accountable to
people
• Promote just, free and
prosperous society
• Prohibits political dynasties
and nepotism
• Separation of three
branches of the
government
LGU Code
• Establishes clear
commitment to
decentralization and
local autonomy
• Citizens are encourage
to directly undertake
community development
programs and participate
in decision-making
process

9. Inclusion of Good Governance in the
Government Agenda
Arroyo Administration’s initiative to Advocate good governance
Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)
• Sound moral foundation
• Philosophy of transparency
• Ethic of effective implementation

10. Providing Organizational Mechanism for
Reforms
• President Ramos-drew up a plan to reengineer the bureaucracy
which set the guiding principles for reorganizing and providing
government operations
• President Estrada- created PCEG by virtue of EO 165 dated 19
October 1999 to formulate the institutional strengthening and
streamlining program of GOCC and SUCs
• President Pnoy-reactivate PCGG to recover ill gotten wealth of the
Marcos Family

11. Combating Corruption
• Office of the Ombudsman
• COA
• CSC
• Sandiganbayan
• Judiciary (headed by
Supreme Court)
• DOJ
• DBM
• ComElec
• PCGG
• BSP
• SEC
• Inter-Agency Anti-Graft
Coordinating Council
• NBI
• Presidential Committee on
Effective Governance
• Presidential Anti-Graft
Commission
• Governance Advisory Council
• Anti-Money Laundering
Council
Philippine Government Anti-Corruption Agencies

12. Increased Participation of the Private Sector
Bantay Kalikasan led by ABS-CBN Foundation
• Bantay Usok
• Bantay Baterya
• Bantay Basura
• Adopt-A-Tree Program (Save the La Mesa
Watershed)

13. Improving Efficiency, Effectiveness and Economy
• Medium Term Expenditure Framework-to enhance
the sustainability of the government’s economic
plan and expenditure program
• Sector Effectiveness and Efficiency Review-
strengthens monitoring and evaluation within
government agencies by providing tools and
techniques for assessing effectiveness of agency
programs
• Organizational Performance Indicator Framework-
emphasizes the shift of focus in the budget process
from inputs to outputs and outcomes

14. World Bank’s Dimensions of Governance
Six indicators of Governance
• Voice and accountability
• Political Stability
• Government effectiveness
• Regulatory quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of corruption

15. • Is yet to institutionalize effective mechanism for planning, agenda
setting and policy making
• Lack of clear priorities and poor planning mechanisms
• Difficult to demarcate the scope of responsibility and pinpoint
accountability among the many sub-structure of the governmental
organization
• The bureaucratic behavior tends to very hierarchical and rule
bound instead of emphasizing productivity improvement and
attainment of intended results
• Civil service system is subservient to the influences and dictates
prevailing political leadership
• Bureaucracy lacks the required managerial and technical
competencies
• Civil servants do not only seem to have the wrong mindset and
attitudes towards their jobs, they also operated under a dispirited
organizational culture
Gaps and Weaknesses

16. • Developing a new work culture
• Better planning and management of governance
initiatives
• Streamlining the bureaucracy
• Improvement of public personnel administration
• Design and implementation of performance-
based management system
• Strengthening administrative justice
• Providing the needed policy environment for
reforms
Conclusion and Recommendation