2. Introduction
•Noncommunicable diseases disproportionately affect
people in low- and middle-income countries.
•Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as heart
disease, obesity, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and
diabetes, are the leading cause of death worldwide and
represent an emerging global health threat.
3. OBESITY
•Obesity has been associated
with a higher risk of morbidity,
disability, and death.
•World Health Organization
(WHO) recognized obesity as a
global health problem.
5. Complications of obesity
• Fatigue and lack of energy.
• Shortness of breath.
• Difficulty sleeping.
• Back and joint pain.
• Type 2 diabetes.
• High levels of cholesterol or triglycerides.
• High blood pressure.
• Cardiovascular disease.
8. Diagnosis
•Body mass index (BMI) is widely used as a simple and
reliable way of finding out whether a person is a healthy
weight for their height.
•Blood pressure
•Glucose (sugar) and cholesterol levels in a blood sample
•Waist circumference (the distance around your waist)
9. Prevalence
•The preliminary finding on the status of abdominal
obesity reveals that 40% of women and 12% of men
are abdominally obese in the country.
•A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a
disease existing in a population divided by the total
population.
10. DIABETIC MELLITUS
•Diabetes mellitus (DM), also known as diabetes, is a
group of diseases that cause blood sugar levels to remain
high.
•It occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin or
doesn't respond normally to insulin.
11. CAUSES
•Type 1 diabetes occurs when your immune system, the
body's system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys
the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.
•Type 1 diabetes is caused by genes and environmental
factors, such as viruses, that might trigger the disease.
12.
13. SYMPTOMS
• Increased thirst (polydipsia) and dry mouth.
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue.
• Blurred vision
• Unexplained weight loss
• Numbness or tingling in your hands or feet.
• Slow-healing sores or cuts.
• Frequent skin and/or vaginal yeast infections
14. Types
•Type 1 diabetes: The pancreas doesn't produce
insulin because the body's immune system attacks
the islet cells that make insulin.
•Type 2 diabetes: The pancreas produces less
insulin than normal, and the body becomes resistant
to insulin.
•Gestational diabetes: Diabetes that occurs during
pregnancy.
15.
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18.
19. Prevalence
• The prevalence of diabetes in India has risen from 7.1% in
2009 to 8.9% in 2019.
• Table 1 provides the burden of diabetes in India at a glance.
• As per Indian Council of Medical Research – India Diabetes
(ICMR INDIAB) study published in 2023, the prevalence of
diabetes is 10.1 crores.
• Currently, 25.2 million adults are estimated to have IGT,
which is estimated to increase to 35.7 million in the year
2045.
20. Conclusion
•Non-communicable disease is a global epidemic
because of the combined effect of the modern diet
(including drug abuse) and a sedentary
lifestyle (Robson 2013b).
•Human food production must be linked to human
nutritional requirements as its first priority.
