2. 2
- Prevention, health education, and health promotion are key aspects
of public health information systems, which collect and distribute
data to enhance well-being.
- These systems track disease trends, enabling timely interventions to
prevent outbreaks.
- They deliver health education through websites, apps, and social
media to empower individuals in making healthier choices.
Introduction
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- By targeting demographics, they promote healthier lifestyles and
reduce risks.
- These systems foster collaboration among agencies, NGOs, and
communities, amplifying their impact.
- Overall, they're vital tools for proactively improving public health
through informed decision-making and behavior change.
Introduction
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4. 4
- The first international Conference on Health Promotion was held in
Ottawa Canada in 1986 (organized by WHO), and was a primarily a
response to growing expectation for a new public health movement
around the world.
- The basic strategies for Health Promotion identified in the Ottawa
Charter were: advocate (to boost the factors which encourage
health), enable (allowing all people to achieve health equity) and
mediate (through collaboration across all sectors).
Health Promotion
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- Health promotion is, as stated in 1986 WHO Ottawa Charter for
Health Promotion, “the process of enabling people to increase control
over(the determinants of health), and to improve their health.
- It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range
of social and environmental interventions.
- Health promotion is a guiding concept involving activities intended to
enhance individual and community health well-being.
Health Promotion defined
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- It seeks to increase involvement and control of the individual and the
community in their own health.
- It acts to improve health and social welfare, and to reduce specific
determinants of diseases and risk factors that adversely affect the
health.
- Health promotion is a key element in public health and is applicable
in the community, clinics or hospitals, and in all other service
settings.
Health Promotion
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- Health promotion programs aim to engage and empower individuals
and communities to choose healthy behaviors, and make changes
that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and other
morbidities.
Health Promotion
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The Elements of Health promotion
- Addressing the population as a whole in health related issues , in
every day life as well as people at risk for specific diseases.
- Directing action to risk factors or causes of illness or death.
- Undertaking activities approach to seek out and risk factors in the
community that adversely affect health.
- Promoting factors that contribute to a better condition of health of
the population.
Health Promotion
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The Elements of Health promotion
- Initiating actions against health hazards ,including communication
,education, legislation , organizational change ,community development ,
and spontaneous local activities.
- Involving public participation in defining problems and deciding on action
plan.
- Advocating relevant environmental health and social policy.
- Encouraging health professionals’ participation in health education and
health policy.
Health Promotion
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- The WHO defines Health Education as “consciously constructed opportunities
for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health
literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are
conducive to individual and community health.”
“Any combination of planned learning experiences using evidence based
practices and/or sound theories that provide the opportunity to acquire
knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to adopt and maintain healthy
behaviours”
Health Education defined
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- Provides people with the knowledge and skills to make quality health
decisions, the opportunity to gain skills and learn how to live healthy lives.
- A broad-based group of entities are involved in public health education
including the local governmental public agency, health providers, hospitals
and community based organizations.
- Education services are provided to assist individuals and groups in the
community to voluntarily act on their decisions, establish healthy behaviors
and use knowledge to change social conditions affecting health.
Health Education
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- Public health education serves to reinforce health promotion
messages within the community, ultimately helping to reduce health
risk and improve health status.
- Health education seeks to influence a range of behavior including
participation in health-promoting activities, appropriate use of health
services, health supervision of children, and adherence to
appropriate medical and nutritional regimes.
Health Education defined
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Effective public health education can be achieved by:
- Use of appropriate media(radio, internet, print)
- Sponsorship and organization of educational programs.
- Provision of public and policy leaders with information on health risk,
health status, policies and programs that can improve community
health.
Effective public health education
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14. 1 4
- To help individuals make better health choices.
- To help health professionals more effectively engage in evidence-
based practices and
- To help societies protect and promote population health through
programming and policy initiatives.
The purpose of public health education and
health promotion
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15. 1 5
- Prevention refers to the goals of medicine that are to promote, to
preserve, and to restore health when it is impaired, and to minimize
suffering and distress.
- Disease prevention is a specific population based and individual
based interventions for primary and secondary prevention aiming to
minimize the burden of diseases and associated risk factors.
Disease Prevention
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There are mainly three types of disease prevention:
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary Prevention
Disease Prevention
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This refers actions aimed at avoiding the manifestation of a disease
such as:
- Changing the impact of social and economic determinants on health.
- The provision of information on behavioral and medical health risks
- Nutritional and food supplementation
- Oral and dental hygiene education
-Immunizations and vaccinations for children
Post exposure prophylaxis for people exposed with communicable
Primary Prevention
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This refers actions aimed at avoiding the manifestation of a disease such as:
- Changing the impact of social and economic determinants on health.
- The provision of information on behavioral and medical health risks
- Nutritional and food supplementation
- Oral and dental hygiene education
- Immunizations and vaccinations for children
- Post exposure prophylaxis for people exposed with communicable
diseases.
Primary Prevention
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The action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stageand
prevent complications:
- Screening for early detection of diseases
- Preventive drug therapies
This is mainly to prevent the complications of disease.
To shorten the period of disability
Secondary Prevention
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- This is the managing diseases post diagnosis to slow or stop disease
progression through measures such as rehabilitation, chemotherapy
and screening for complications.
- Tertiary prevention focuses on improving the quality of life for
individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities by managing their
symptoms and preventing further deterioration.
Tertiary Prevention
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The WHO has recommended the following approaches for the primary
prevention of chronic diseases where the risk factors are established.
These approaches are:
- Population(Mass) strategy
- High risk strategy
Approaches to Prevention
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Population(Mass) strategy
- It is directed at the whole population irrespective of an individual risk
levels. (non-invasive and inexpensive)
- A population strategy aims to promote health and prevent diseases
on a broad scale by implementing interventions that are accessible
to everyone, regardless of their specific risk factors, while keeping
costs low and minimizing invasive procedures.
Approaches to Prevention
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High risk strategy
- The high-risk strategy focuses on identifying and addressing the
needs of individuals at elevated risk for certain diseases.
- This often involving intensive and personalized interventions that
may involve medical procedures, frequent monitoring, and
substantial resource allocation.
Approaches to Prevention
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