The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity and The Cost of Policy Inaction prentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP at the EEB biodiversity seminar 9 June 2008
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity and The Cost of Policy Inaction prentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP at the EEB biodiversity seminar 9 June 2008
GreenATP ucla anderson business school mp totten 06 11Michael P Totten
Slides from seminar. See article for details: http://www.scribd.com/mtotten6756
Summary:
Humanity’s unceasing ingenuity is generating vast economic gain for billions of people with goods unavailable to even kings and queens throughout most of history. Unfortunately, this economic growth has triggered unprecedented se- curity challenges of global and historical magnitude: more absolute poor than any time in human history, the sixth largest extinction spasm of life on earth, climate destabilization with mega-catastrophic consequences, and multi-trillion dollar wars over access to energy. These multiple, inextricably interwoven chal- lenges have low probability of being solved if decision makers maintain the strong propensity to think and act as if life is linear, has no carrying capacity limits, uncertainty is controllable, the future free of surprises, planning is predictable and compartmentalized into silos, and Gaussian distributions are taken as the norm while fat-tail futures are ignored. Although the future holds irreducible uncertainties, it is not fated. The emergence of Internet availability to one-third of humanity and access by most of humanity within a decade has spawned the Web analogue of a ‘Cambrian explosion’ of speciation in knowledge applica- tions. Among the most prodigious have been collaboration innovation networks (COINs) reflecting a diversity of ‘genome’ types, facilitating a myriad of collective intelligence crowd-swarming phenomena (Malone T, Laubacher R, Dellarocas C. The Collective Intelligence Genome. MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring; 2010, Vol. 51). COINs are essential tools for accelerating and scaling transformational solutions (positive tipping points) to the wicked problems confronting humanity. Web COINs enable acceleration of multiple-benefit innovations and solutions to these problems that permeate the nested clusters of linked nonlinear complex adaptive systems comprising the global biosphere and socioeconomy [Raford N. How to build a collective intelligence platform to crowdsource almost anything. Available at: http:news.noahraford.com.
Presentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP on the Cost of Policy Inaction of not halting biodiversity loss, for Enveco Meeting Brussels 17 June 2008 Part of the wider TEEB process.
Multidisciplinary Research Week 2013 at the University of Southampton. #MDRWeek. World Water Day and International Year of Water Cooperation 2013.
‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): Water and Wetlands’, Presentation by Dr Daniela Russi, Policy analyst, Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP).
See the latest videos, interviews, pictures, tweets and views from the floor at: www.southampton.ac.uk/multidisciplinary
Lessons learned on the achievement of the Joint Program of Climate Change Adaption in the Colombian Massif (Andean Belt Constellation Biosphere Reserve - Cauca Basin) with indigenous and peasant communities to affront the effects of climate change. Presented by Luis Alfonso Ortega at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
Michael P Totten presentation on "Biocomplexity Decisionmaking -- Innovative approaches to the inter-connected challenges of Climate destabilization, Species extinction and Mass poverty" at the 2009 Pew Foundation Annual Meeting, Programs in Biomedical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto, Rico. 125 slides showing connections and common solutions for addressing climate catastrophe, mass poverty, species extinction, and resource wars.
Presentation on the cost of protecting nature, seen in the context of the benefits. Paper at the Athens Conference on Protecting Biodiversity - Beyond 2010. April 2009
GreenATP ucla anderson business school mp totten 06 11Michael P Totten
Slides from seminar. See article for details: http://www.scribd.com/mtotten6756
Summary:
Humanity’s unceasing ingenuity is generating vast economic gain for billions of people with goods unavailable to even kings and queens throughout most of history. Unfortunately, this economic growth has triggered unprecedented se- curity challenges of global and historical magnitude: more absolute poor than any time in human history, the sixth largest extinction spasm of life on earth, climate destabilization with mega-catastrophic consequences, and multi-trillion dollar wars over access to energy. These multiple, inextricably interwoven chal- lenges have low probability of being solved if decision makers maintain the strong propensity to think and act as if life is linear, has no carrying capacity limits, uncertainty is controllable, the future free of surprises, planning is predictable and compartmentalized into silos, and Gaussian distributions are taken as the norm while fat-tail futures are ignored. Although the future holds irreducible uncertainties, it is not fated. The emergence of Internet availability to one-third of humanity and access by most of humanity within a decade has spawned the Web analogue of a ‘Cambrian explosion’ of speciation in knowledge applica- tions. Among the most prodigious have been collaboration innovation networks (COINs) reflecting a diversity of ‘genome’ types, facilitating a myriad of collective intelligence crowd-swarming phenomena (Malone T, Laubacher R, Dellarocas C. The Collective Intelligence Genome. MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring; 2010, Vol. 51). COINs are essential tools for accelerating and scaling transformational solutions (positive tipping points) to the wicked problems confronting humanity. Web COINs enable acceleration of multiple-benefit innovations and solutions to these problems that permeate the nested clusters of linked nonlinear complex adaptive systems comprising the global biosphere and socioeconomy [Raford N. How to build a collective intelligence platform to crowdsource almost anything. Available at: http:news.noahraford.com.
Presentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP on the Cost of Policy Inaction of not halting biodiversity loss, for Enveco Meeting Brussels 17 June 2008 Part of the wider TEEB process.
Multidisciplinary Research Week 2013 at the University of Southampton. #MDRWeek. World Water Day and International Year of Water Cooperation 2013.
‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): Water and Wetlands’, Presentation by Dr Daniela Russi, Policy analyst, Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP).
See the latest videos, interviews, pictures, tweets and views from the floor at: www.southampton.ac.uk/multidisciplinary
Lessons learned on the achievement of the Joint Program of Climate Change Adaption in the Colombian Massif (Andean Belt Constellation Biosphere Reserve - Cauca Basin) with indigenous and peasant communities to affront the effects of climate change. Presented by Luis Alfonso Ortega at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
Michael P Totten presentation on "Biocomplexity Decisionmaking -- Innovative approaches to the inter-connected challenges of Climate destabilization, Species extinction and Mass poverty" at the 2009 Pew Foundation Annual Meeting, Programs in Biomedical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto, Rico. 125 slides showing connections and common solutions for addressing climate catastrophe, mass poverty, species extinction, and resource wars.
Presentation on the cost of protecting nature, seen in the context of the benefits. Paper at the Athens Conference on Protecting Biodiversity - Beyond 2010. April 2009
Michael P Totten A Climate For Life Mesh Talk Bioneer Los Angeles 12 09 09Michael P Totten
Positive vision of win-win-win actions to avoid climate catastrophe, end mass poverty, reduce species extinction, by using web-based social collaboration tools and collective intelligence actions.
Slides from lectures and seminars given at Singapore universities and business schools (NUS, SMU, INSEAD) on how Asia Pacific region faces mega-catastrophic socio-ecological challenges that can be largely prevented and resolved through aggressive, ambitious pursuit of clean tech, green economic investment opportunities (e.g, end-use efficiency, solar power, wind power).
Saving the Wild - 21st Century Imperatives, by Dr. Jane SmartWILD Foundation
Dr. Jane Smart, Director of the Biodiversity Conservation Group and Head of the Species Program for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), spoke during the Friday (6 November) WILD9 plenary on "Global Perspectives," specifically on "Saving the Wild - 21st Century Imperatives."
Decisions For Biodiversity And The Climate - Congress of the CDU/CSU Parliamentary Group in the German Bundestag
Pavan Sukhdev, Special Adviser & Head - Green Economy Initiative UNEP
This presentation was used during CCAFS official side event at the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advica (SBSTA), Bonn, Germany. The topic at hand was on how agriculture could contribute to adaptation and mitigation.
Presentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP on Health and Social Benefits of Nature and Biodiversity Protection at the BfN/ENCA conference in Bonn. 29 June 2017
Lecture by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP on - Nature and the Green Economy, linked to OPERAs RTD project (and others) - to Oxford University Masters course 17 March 2017
Results from the scoping study on Natura 2000 and Jobs : ten Brink P., Mutafoglu K., Schweitzer J-P., , Underwood E., Tucker G., Russi D., Howe M., Maréchal A., Olmeda C., Pantzar M., and Kettunen M. (2017) Natura 2000 and Jobs: Scoping Study – Executive Summary. Brussels. April 2017. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/pdf/Natura_2000_and%20_jobs_executive_summary.pdf
Based on analysis by the IEEP, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Ifremer, IEEP’s Patrick ten Brink presented a policy briefing urging G20 countries to take action on marine litter by adopting circular economy measures. The briefing was presented at the special session on the circular economy at the G20’s think tank summit, T20 Global Solutions in Berlin, Germany. He also shared results of briefings by the other Circular Economy Task Force co-chairs (CEPS & Green Alliance), underlining the importance of transparency, product design, reparability, infrastructure investment, and economic incentives. The session, which included speakers from the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, IEEP, UNIDO and the company Werner Mertz, explored what measures are needed to catalyse a transition from a linear to a circular model and what G20 leaders could do to accelerate the needed system change and respond to both the urgency for, and opportunities from, action.
Presentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP at the European Parliament (EP) Workshop on EU Action on Marine Litter 3 May 2017 - Measures to address Marine Litter
Presentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP at the EESC Conference on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Sustainable Production and Consumption (SCP). This includes decoupling and circular economy reflections and practical policy instruments.
Multiple costs of invasive alien species (IAS), presentation by Patrick ten Brink at the Ostend 2013 Conference - Non-Indigenous species in the North-East Atlantic, 20-22 November 2013. Ostend, Belgium, organised by ILVO, VLIZ, RBINS and Ghent University.
Economics of Green Infrastructure (GI) presentation by Patrick ten Brink of the Institute for European Environmental Policy at the European Parliament 24 September 2013
Presentation by Patrick ten Brink of IEEP on Responding to Environmental Challenges TEEB at the World Bank SD leadership program workshop Cambridge UK 14 December 2011
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
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Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
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Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
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USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Scope Of Macroeconomics introduction and basic theories
PtB of IEEP Presentation on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity TEEB The Science and Economics 22 September 2008 Prague
1. The Economics of Ecosystems
and Biodiversity (TEEB)
Part A:
Ecological losses to Economic losses
(Issues and values in TEEB Phase I)
Patrick ten Brink
Senior Fellow and Head of Brussels Office
Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
Building on the work of:
COPI Team: Alterra, IEEP, MNP, Ecologic, GHK, FEEM, W&B, UNEP-WCMC, &
TEEB Core team (Pavan Sukhdev, EC, BMU, EEA, UFZ, IEEP, UoL, IIT)
and other experts
22 September 2008
Prague
ptenbrink@ieep.eu
9/25/2008 1
2. Presentation Structure
1. Biodiversity and Ecosystem losses – The Ecological Case
for the Urgency of Action
2. Ecosystems and Ecosystem services – benefitting society,
the economy, business and individuals.
3. The Valuation Challenge – attributing monetary values to
the value of ecosystem services
4. COPI / TEEB Phase 1 numbers – The Economic Case for
the Urgency of Action
Then Presentation by Pavan Sukhdev, TEEB Study Leader
On
TEEB Phase II: The Aims & Ambitions, Focus and Process
9/25/2008 2
4. Past Losses
Global Forest Area has shrunk by approximately 40% since 1700. Forests have
completely disappeared in 25 countries [1].
Since 1900, the world has lost about 50%of its wetlands. [2].
Some 20% of the world’s coral reefs - have been effectively destroyed by
fishing, pollution, disease and coral bleaching and approximately 24% of the
remaining reefs in the world are under imminent risk of collapse through human
pressures.[3]
In the past two decades, 35% of mangroves have disappeared. Some countries
have lost up to 80% through conversion for aquaculture, overexploitation and
storms.[4]
The rate of species extinction is estimated to be 100 to 1,000 times more rapid than
the “natural” extinction rate (MA 2005).
[1] United Nations Forest and Agriculture Organisation, 2001.Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000; United Nations Forest and Agriculture Organisation, 2006 Global Forest
Resources Assessment 2005.
[2] http://www.ramsar.org/about/about_wetland_loss.htm
[3]
Wilkinson C., 2004: Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2004 report
[4]
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005: Global Assessment Report 1: Current State & Trends Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC. Detail: Chapter 19 Coastal
Systems. Coordinating lead authors: Tundi Agardy and Jacqueline Alder. Original reference: 35%: Valiela et al. 2001; 80% reference: Spalding et al. 1997
9/25/2008 4
6. Running down our natural capital
The Demise of Global Fisheries
40 %
40 %
20 %
2010
Source: Sea Around Us project 9/25/2008 6
7. Substitution?
We are fishing down the foodweb – D. Pauly (UBC, Canada)
Source: L Braat presentation COP9 Bonn May 2008; based on slide by D. Pauly 9/25/2008 7
8. Biodiversity loss
From 1700 to 2050
73%
62%
Richer Ecosystems
Poorer Ecosystems
9/25/2008
Source: building on Ben ten Brink (MNP) presentation at the Workshop: The Economics of the Global Loss of Biological Diversity 5-6 March 2008, Brussels, Belgium. 8
9. Changes in Ecosystem Services
due to loss of Biodiversity
Pristine Original
forest species
Extensive use Extensive use
Plantation Subsistence
agriculture
Degraded Fossil fuel
land subsidized
Source: L Braat presentation COP9 Bonn May 2008 on the COPI Study 9/25/2008 9
10. Level of Biodiversity in the World in 2000
Using Mean Species Abundance (MSA) indicator
Remaining MSA in %
9/25/2008 10
Source: Ben ten Brink (MNP) presentation at the Workshop: The Economics of the Global Loss of Biological Diversity 5-6 March 2008, Brussels, Belgium.
11. Level of Biodiversity in the World in 2050
One Scenario of the future : OECD/Globio
Remaining MSA in %
MSA loss from 71% to 60% - not evenly spread
Natural Areas decline by 7.5 Million Sq. Km.
Most lose; the poor generally affected more strongly
9/25/2008
Source: Ben ten Brink (MNP) presentation at the Workshop: The Economics of the Global Loss of Biological Diversity 5-6 March 2008, Brussels, Belgium. 11
12. The Global Loss of
Biodiversity
2000
Source: L Braat presentation COP9 Bonn May 2008 on the COPI Study; building on MNP data 9/25/2008 12
13. The Global Loss of
Biodiversity
2050
Europe – at Risk
India - at Risk
Africa – at Risk.
The World – at Risk.
Source: L Braat presentation COP9 Bonn May 2008 on the COPI Study; building on MNP data 9/25/2008 13
14. Ecosystems and Ecosystem services
The Ecosystems in which we live and in which our economies
operate, provide a range of services that benefit:
• Individuals
• Society
• Firms
• The economy
9/25/2008 14
15. Ecosystem Services - The
Millennium Ecosystem framework
Source: MEA 9/25/2008 15
16. Different Biomes,
different (level) of services
Provisioning services: Food & fibre, Water, Fuel (biofuel)…
Forests Regulating services: Air quality maintenance;
• Boreal forest Climate regulation (local, regional, global) – carbon storage;
• Temperate forests Water regulation (e.g. flood prevention, runoff …);
• Mountain forests Erosion control
• Etc. Natural hazards control (e.g. Fire resistance, storm & avalanche protection
Cultural & Supporting services – ALL (recreation, tourism et al)
Provisioning services: Food & fibre, Water, Fuel …
Wetlands
• Coastal wetlands Regulating services: Climate regulation (local, regional, global);
• Floodplains Water regulation (e.g. flood prevention, runoff …);
• Swaps, bogs, Water purification and waste management;
moors …
Erosion control; Natural hazards control …
• Etc.
Cultural & Supporting services – ALL
Source: From presentation by Marianne Kettunen of IEEP; based on MA 2005 classification 9/25/2008 16
17. Ecosystems, land-use & human well-
being : the extent of this relationship
Services 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Plant-related
Forest trees-
Prevention
Refugium
Materials
Breeding
Physical
Amenity
Didactic
support
Cycling
Identity
related
Food
Sink
Land cover types
Artificial surfaces/
Urban
Arable land &
permanent crops
Grassland & mixed
farmland
Forests & woodland
shrub
Heathland,
sclerophylous veg.
Open space with
little/ no vegetation
Wetlands
Water bodies
Source: Jean-Louis Weber (EEA) presentation at the Workshop: The Economics of the Global Loss of Biological Diversity 5-6 March 2008, Brussels, Belgium
9/25/2008 17
18. The link between biodiversity,
ecosystems, their services, and
benefits to mankind…
Maintenance and
restoration costs
Biophysical
Structure of Economic and
process social values (&
market values)
eg 1: woodland Function
habitat
eg 1: slow
eg 2: net primary passage of water
productivity) Service
eg 2: biomass eg 1: flood
prevention
eg 2: harvestable Benefit (value)
products eg 1: willingness to pay
for woodland protection /
avoided costs of impacts
eg 2: for more woodland
harvestable products
Source: Building on presentation by Jean-Louis Weber (EEA) presentation at the Workshop: The Economics of the Global Loss of Biological Diversity 5-6
9/25/2008 18
March 2008, Brussels, Belgium
19. Land-uses and trade offs
for ecosystem services
1natural Climate
regulation
2 extensive Climate
regulation
Food Energy Food
Energy
Soil
protection
Soil Climate
protection Freshwater Freshwater
regulation
Food
Energy
-
Upon closer analysis
Net value may be less
Soil
protection
Freshwater
3 intensive
Source: Ben ten Brink (MNP) presentation at the Workshop: The Economics of the Global Loss of Biological Diversity 5-6 March 2008, Brussels, Belgium.
9/25/2008 19
20. Ecosystem service production & use
It can be a complex relationship; benefits sharing?
Source: Andrew Balmford & Ana Rodrigues 2008 Scoping the Science report. Contribution to TEEB Report 9/25/2008 20
21. ESS service provision & spatial relation
Example: carbon storage
t C/ha
Production rates, flows and values all vary spatially
Services produced and enjoyed in different places
Costs and benefits of conserving services accrue in different places
Source: Andrew Balmford & Ana Rodrigues 2008 Presentation within the Scoping the Science work 9/25/2008 21
22. The Evaluation Challenge
What should we measure to understand
and communicate the problem?
How can we go about doing this?
9/25/2008 22
23. Measuring Benefits of Ecosystem services
What can be said in what terms and what was explored?
Non-Specified Monetary: eg avoided water purification
Benefits costs, avoided flood damage, tourist value,
value of medicines / pharmaceuticals from
Increasing up the natural products
benefits Monetary Value
pyramid Quantitative: eg number people
benefiting from wood from forests,
# of avoided health impacts;
The Benefits Quantitative Review of Effects number of visitors
Pyramid
Type of benefits; health benefits
from clean air, social benefits
Qualitative Review from recreation, income from
products, security, wellbeing.
Knowledge gaps
Full range of ecosystem services from biodiversity The “known-
unknowns” and
“unknown-unknowns”
Source: P. ten Brink: presentation at March 2008 workshop Review of Economics of Biodiversity Loss, Brussels 9/25/2008 23
24. Interest and evidence
Level of information Level of press/interest
Quantitative /
qualitative
Monetary
There are different audiences, and different messages are needed for each.
Different types of messages have different power and different reach.
The overall aim is to get the message across to the (range of) key audiences – in a
manner that is representative of the facts and that engages interest. Hence, we need
to work out how best to combine monetary and non-monetary information.
Source: P. ten Brink: presentation at March 2008 workshop Review of Economics of Biodiversity Loss, Brussels 9/25/2008 24
25. Press Echo to TEEB I, May 2008
Source: Dr Carsten Neßhöver, Heidi Wittmer & Christoph Schröter-Schlaack, Presentation in Vilm, 26.8.2008 9/25/2008 25
26. COPI Results
Based on the Report to the European Commission, May 29, 2008
The Cost of Policy Inaction: Not Halting Biodiversity Loss
L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.)
with
J. Bakkes, K. Bolt, I. Braeuer, B. ten Brink, A. Chiabai, H. Ding, H. Gerdes, M. Jeuken, M.
Kettunen, U. Kirchholtes, C. Klok, A.Markandya, P. Nunes, M. van Oorschot, N. Peralta-
Bezerra, M. Rayment, C. Travisi, M. Walpole.
Wageningen / Brussels, May 2008
9/25/2008 26
27. Mapping changes : from Biodiversity &
Ecosystems to Economic Values
OECD
Baseline
scenario Change
Change in
in Change
Economic
Land use, in
Change Value
Climate, Biodiversity
Pollution, In
Water use Ecosystem
International Services
Policies Change
in
Ecosystem
functions
Source: L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 9/25/2008 27
28. Biodiversity loss - 1700 to 2050
73%
62%
Source: building on Ben ten Brink (MNP) presentation at the Workshop: The Economics of the Global Loss of Biological Diversity 5-6 March 2008, Brussels, Belgium. 28
9/25/2008
29. Change of Landuse (area coverage)
across all biomes – Global Total
Actual 2000 2050 Difference
Area million km2 million km2 2000 to 2050
Natural areas 65.5 58.0 -11%
Bare natural 3.3 3.0 -9%
Forest managed 4.2 7.0 70%
Extensive agriculture 5.0 3.0 -39%
Intensive agriculture 11.0 15.8 44%
Woody biofuels 0.1 0.5 626%
Cultivated grazing 19.1 20.8 9%
Artificial surfaces 0.2 0.2 0%
World Total * 108.4 108.4 0%
Natural areas loss is 7.5m km2 - broadly equivalent to the area of the Australia.
Losses: natural, bare natural areas & extensive agriculture broadly equals the USA
Source: L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI 9/25/2008 29
30. Loss of Quality
Global total
Loss of quality - due to pollution, fragmentation, infrastructure and climate
impacts (Global average all biomes)
Mean Species Abundance indicator
Mean species abundance change for different land use
categories MSA loss 2000 to 2050
Natural areas 11%
Bare natural 8%
Forest managed 20%
Extensive agriculture 8%
Intensive agriculture -2%
Woody biofuels 0%
Cultivated grazing 14%
World Total 18%
Source: L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI 9/25/2008 30
31. Valuation and Ecosystem service losses
COPI calculation: A
Annual Loss of economic value of ecosystem services that would have been
Relative to 2000 available had biodiversity remained at 2000 levels. Estimate for 2050.
Services that would
have been there, had
biodiversity been A
Ecosystem halted.
service level
Losses
continue
into the
future
2000 2010 2030 2050
Source: P ten Brink in L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI Study 9/25/2008 31
32. COPI - Some key results
• The welfare loss grows with each year of biodiversity and ecosystem loss.
• Over the period 2000 to 2010 this amounts to around 50 billion Euros extra loss
per year, every year.
• By 2010 the welfare losses from the loss of ecosystem services amount to 545
billion EUR in 2010 or just under 1% of world GDP.
• The value of the amount lost every year rises, until it is around 275bn
EUR/yr in 2050.
• The loss of welfare in 2050 from the cumulative loss of ecosystem services
between now and then amounts to 14 trillion (10^12) Euros under the fuller
estimation scenario
• This is equivalent in scale to 7% of projected global GDP for 2050 – across
land-based biomes
Source: P ten Brink in L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI Study 9/25/2008 32
33. Global COPI
Loss of Ecosystem services from land based ecosystems
All land based biomes*
Relative to 2000 Relative to 2000
Equivalent to %
Area Billion EUR of GDP in 2050
Natural areas -15678 -7.97%
Forest managed 1852 0.95%
Extensive Agriculture -1109 -0.57%
Intensive Agriculture 1303 0.67%
Woody biofuels 381 0.19%
Cultivated grazing -786 -0.40%
World Total -13938 -7.1%
Land based ecosystems only
The loss grows with each year of biodiversity and ecosystem loss.
Source: P ten Brink in L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI Study for DGENV 9/25/2008 33
34. Global COPI
Loss of Ecosystem services
Forestry biomes
Forest biomes Partial Estimation Fuller Estimation
Boreal forest -163 -1999
Tropical forest -536 -3362
Warm mixed forest -249 -2332
Temperate mixed forest -190 -1372
Cool coniferous forest -47 -701
Temperate deciduous forest -133 -1025
Forest Total -1317 -10791
Natural areas -1552 -12310
World GDP in 2050 (trillion (10^12) EUR)* 195.5
Losses of ESS from forests as share of % GDP -0.7% -5.5%
Losses of ESS from natural areas in forest biomes as share of %
GDP -0.8% -6.3%
Source: P ten Brink in L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI Study Building on FEEM forestry per hectare values9/25/2008 34
35. What ESS could already be
included (forests)?
Included - (8 services) Not included - (10 services)
Provisioning services Provisioning services
Food, fiber, fuel Biochemicals, natural medicines,
Regulating services pharmaceuticals
Air quality maintenance Ornamental resources
Soil quality maintenance Fresh water
Climate regulation (i.e. carbon storage) Regulating services
Water regulation (i.e. flood prevention,, Temperature regulation, precipitation
aquifer recharge etc.) Erosion control
Water purification and waste Technology development from nature
management Regulation of human diseases
Cultural services Biological control and pollination
Cultural diversity, spiritual and religious Natural hazards control / mitigation
values, educational values, aesthetic and
cultural Cultural services
Recreation and ecotourism • Living comfort due to environmental
amenities
Source: L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI Study 9/25/2008 35
36. COPI – Forestry Biome
Different ways of calculating the loss
A : 50-year impact of inaction B : Natural Capital Loss every year
Lost Welfare equivalent Natural Capital Lost from
to 5.5 % of GDP (from forest USD 1.35 x 10 12 to 3.10 x 10 12
(@ 4% Discount Rate) (@ 1% Discount Rate)
biomes overall) … or…
Source: P ten Brink in L. Braat & P. ten Brink (eds.) 2008 COPI Study for DGENV 9/25/2008 36
37. Valuation and Ecosystem service losses
GDP, with feedback on
GDP (OECD Scenarios) economic losses from
Relative to 2000 2.8%/year biodiversity losses integrated -
illustrative
GDP: 41.4$ trillion (PPP) (10^12)
Population
GDP/capita: 680$ (PPP)
9100 million
Population: 6092 million
GDP adjusted for impact of
biodiversity loss - illustrative
Services that would have been there,
had biodiversity been halted
Ecosystem
service level
2000 2050 9/25/2008 37
Source: Patrick ten Brink (IEEP), Leon Braat (Alterra), Mark van Ooorshot (MNP), Matt Rayment (GHK)
38. Summary
Biodiversity arguments for action – eroding our natural capital
Social arguments for action – services lost hit all, and poor hardest.
Economic arguments for action – we risk undermining future growth
and prosperity by undermining our natural capital
Need to understand and communicate the Values of Ecosystems and
Biodiversity and the risk of their loss
Need to understand and communicate what can be done to respond
more effectively – across all “end user” types.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Phase II
Presentation by Pavan Sukhdev, TEEB Study Leader
9/25/2008 38
39. Thank You
Patrick ten Brink
Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
ptenbrink@ieep.eu
www.ieep.eu
IEEP is an independent, not-for-profit institute dedicated to the analysis, understanding and
Now to how the TEEB will respond to these challenges
promotion of policies for a sustainable environment in Europe
Presentation by Pavan Sukhdev, TEEB Study Leader
Brussels Office
55 Quai au Foin/Hooikaai London Office
B-1000 Brussels 15 Queen Anne's Gate,
London SW1H 9BU
Belgium
UK
Tel: +32 (0) 2738 7482
Tel: +44 (0)207 799 2244
Fax: +32 (0) 2732 4004 Fax: +44 (0)207 799 2600
www.ieep.eu
9/25/2008 39
40. Study Authors and Contributors
COPI, and Scoping the Science Studies
9/25/2008 40