Artificial consciousness (AC) refers to the ability of an artificial system to possess subjective experiences and self-awareness similar to that of a human being. The presentation of AC is a complex and ongoing topic of research in the field of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. One of the primary challenges in presenting AC is the lack of a clear definition of what consciousness entails. However, most researchers agree that consciousness involves a subjective awareness of one's own existence and surroundings, as well as the ability to experience emotions, make decisions, and engage in intentional actions. There are several approaches to presenting AC, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. Some of these approaches are: Cognitive Architectures: Cognitive architectures are models of the human mind that attempt to capture the various cognitive processes involved in consciousness. These architectures use a set of rules and algorithms to simulate the human thought process, allowing the system to exhibit intelligent behavior and decision-making capabilities. One of the most well-known cognitive architectures is Soar, which has been used to simulate human-like reasoning in various domains, such as problem-solving and language understanding. Neural Networks: Neural networks are a set of algorithms that attempt to simulate the behavior of the human brain. These networks are composed of interconnected nodes that process and transmit information in a manner similar to biological neurons. Neural networks have been used to model various aspects of consciousness, such as perception, learning, and decision-making. However, they have limited explanatory power when it comes to the subjective experience of consciousness. Robotics: Robotics is the field of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots. Robotic systems can be used to study and simulate human-like behavior and consciousness. For example, humanoid robots can be programmed to recognize and respond to human emotions, learn from experience, and interact with the environment in a manner similar to human beings. Virtual Reality: Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment. VR can be used to create immersive experiences that mimic real-world scenarios and interactions. VR systems can be used to study the effects of sensory input and feedback on consciousness, as well as to develop AC systems that can interact with humans in a realistic manner. In conclusion, presenting AC is a complex and ongoing research challenge that involves a combination of cognitive, computational, and engineering approaches. The development of AC systems will require a deep understanding of the nature of consciousness, as well as the ability to model and simulate the cognitive processes involved in subjective experience and self-awareness. While significant progress has been made in this field, there is still much work to do.

1. Artificial
Consciousness

2. Group Members
• Waleed 02-134211-027
• Irfan 02-134211-012
• Owais* 02-134211-024
• Raffay 02-134211-069
• Abdullah 02-134222-101

3. What is Conciousness?

4. Introduction
What is Conciousness?
• Human consciousness, by definition, refers to basic sentience! Awareness of internal
and external existence. Since the creation of computers, we felt as if we have
discovered the essence of thinking. It seemed possible to simulate and replicate human
thinking into machines.
• Consciousness is your individual awareness of your unique thoughts, memories,
feelings, sensations, and environments. Essentially, your consciousness is your
awareness of yourself and the world around you. This awareness is subjective and
unique to you. If you can describe something you are experiencing in words, then it is
part of your consciousness.

6. Introduction
• What is Conciousness?
• Human consciousness, by definition, refers to basic sentience! Awareness
of internal and external existence. Since the creation of computers, we felt
as if we have discovered the essence of thinking. It seemed possible to
simulate and replicate human thinking into machines.
• Consciousness is your individual awareness of your unique thoughts,
memories, feelings, sensations, and environments. Essentially, your
consciousness is your awareness of yourself and the world around you.
This awareness is subjective and unique to you. If you can describe
something you are experiencing in words, then it is part of your
consciousness.

7. Introduction
• WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
• Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of
human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think like humans and mimic their
actions. The term may also be applied to any
machine that exhibits traits associated with a human
mind such as learning and problem-solving.

8. Introduction
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL CONSCIOUSNESS?
• Artificial consciousness (also known as machine consciousness
or synthetic consciousness or AI consciousness) refers to a
non-biological, human created machine that is aware of its
own existence. When – or if – it will be created, it will
profoundly affect our understanding of what it means to be
“alive”.
• But before discussing artificial consciousness, we need to
examine what we have now: artificial intelligence. !

9. HOW IS ARTIFICIAL CONSCIOUSNESS & ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE ARE DIFFERENT?

10. Artificial Intelligence
• A common misconception is that we consider artificial intelligence and
artificial consciousness, two separate and distinct entities from each other.
In reality, artificial consciousness is a step beyond artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence is basically the ability of machines to solve complex
problem on their own and improve themselves based on the information
they collect.

11. Artificial Conciousness
• On the other hand, Artificial Consciousness refers to something more than
just mere intelligence. It implies Sentience and the state of being self-
aware. In mere terms, this does not shows not much of any significance.
But if we dig deep into the possibilities this unlocks, this unravels the next
generation of robotic and artificial life to us. This of this in such a way that
currently the robots, even after given the extensive abilities of AI, feel like
machines with recorded messages to different questions.

12. Computational Barrier
• Minimum level of computation necessary to achieve human
like consciousness: can be calculated using Neural networks
– The human brain has about 1012 neurons, and each neuron
makes about 103 synaptic connections with other neurons,
on average, for a total of 1015 synapses.
– Neural Network : each synapse : 4bytes
• 1015 synapses : 4million GB
• Add auxiliary variables : 5 million GB !
– Minimum prerequisite : Necessary, not sufficient condition

13. Will Machines Ever Become Conscious?

14. Will Machines Ever Become Conscious?
• The Hardest issue of “The Hard Problem”
• (Pun Intentd!)

15. Why a computer will never be
truly conscious?

16. Why a computer will never be truly conscious?
• Many advanced artificial intelligence projects say they
are working toward building a conscious machine, based on
the idea that brain functions merely encode and process
multisensory information. The assumption goes, then, that
once brain functions are properly understood, it should be
possible to program them into a computer. Microsoft recently
announced that it would spend US$1 billion on a project to do
just that.

17. Why a computer will never be truly conscious?
• Some researchers continue to insist that simulating neuroscience
with computers is the way to go. Others, like me, view these
efforts as doomed to failure because we do not believe
consciousness is computable. Our basic argument is that brains
integrate and compress multiple components of an experience,
including sight and smell – which simply can’t be handled in the
way today’s computers sense, process and store data.

18. Why a computer will never be truly conscious?
• Brains don’t operate like computers
• Computation and awareness

19. WHEN COULD ARTIFICIAL CONSCIOUSNESS BECOME
REAL?
• There is still no specific or agreed timeline to when artificial
consciousness could become a reality. Artificial
consciousness is unpredictable because we do not yet
understand the technological leaps that need to be made in
order to achieve artificial consciousness.
• The development of artificial consciousness could therefore
become a gradual one, with the biological component of
“intelligence” slowly diminishing in importance as increasingly
sophisticated technology does more and more of the work of
“thought”.

20. Looking Ahead

21. Since earlier times, the concept of artificial consciousness was
banished due to the eeriness of the human, perceiving the rise
in this field as a beginning of their end. This is easily depictive
in our art, for instance, take the movie “The Matrix” for
example.

22. • Why should we even pursue artificial consciousness?

23. Edelman and Tononi wrote that:
‘‘to understand the mental we may have to invent
further ways of looking at brains”.

24. A few years ago, Haugeland pointed out:
‘‘could consciousness be a theoretical time bomb
ticking away in the belly of AI?’’

25. ANY
QUESTIONS!?*
*Picture added with Sobu’s consent!