The presentation deals with Psychological aspects, its definition, types, trends and use in architectural application.

1. HUMANITIES AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
Ar. Trapti Gupta
PSYCHOLOGY: DEFINITION, BRANCHES, CURRENT
TRENDS

2. CONTENT
1. ORIGIN
2. DEFINITION
3. AS A SCIENCE
4. BRANCHES
5. CURRENT TRENDS
6. PSYCHOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE RELATIONSHIP
7. RESEARCH STUDY
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3. ORIGIN
“A science is the body of systematized knowledge that is gathered carefully
observing and measuring events.”
 Like any other science Psychology is also based on the observations and
experiments which others can repeat and verify.
 Psychology concerns with the observation and explanations of human behavior in
single individuals or in groups.
“A science deals with a group of related facts and principles of particular subject”
 Psychology as a science deals with the motives, feelings, emotions, thoughts action
of men and women
 Like a science, psychology discover and explain the underlying laws and principles of
human behavior.
 Psychology describes the laws of learning, feelings and thinking.
 Like any other science, psychology collects the subject matter or facts of behavior.
 Wundt was the first psychologist to measure the human behavior accurately.
 Sigmund Freud, Maslow, Rogers, Watson, Pavlov and Thichener were all important in
the development of Psychology as science.
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4. DEFINITION
 Greek words- “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation.
 First stage- ‘study of the soul’ *philosophy dominated stage.- Raised; what is soul?
How can it be studied?
 Second stage- ‘study of the mind’ *philosopher come psychologist period. Mind
mysterious then soul- Raised; what is mind? How can it be studied?
 Third stage (1890-1894)- ‘psychology as the study of consciousness’ *said by
William James, Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Bradford Titchner. then what about sub-
conscious, unconscious….?
 Fourth stage- (1905) William Mc dougall- ‘Psychology is a science which aims to give
us better understanding & control of the behavior of the organisms as a whole’-
‘Science of human behavior’.
 Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
 “Psychology is considered a science of behavior or a scientific study of the behavioral
activities & experiences”.
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5. IN CONTEXT OF BEHAVIOUR:
 Social Relationship
 Emotional Responses
 Mental Functioning
 Overt actions – observable like, walking
 Social relationship – interacting with people
 Emotional Responses – feelings such as anger,
lust, happiness and depression
 Physiological Reactions – heart rate,
excitement, biochemical reactions
PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE:
It has scientific processes
It accepted theories as product of
research:
Statement of the problem
Hypotheses
Research Design
Collection of Data and Analysis
Replication
Conclusion
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6. BRANCHES
 Cognitive Psychology
 Biological Psychology
 Neuro Psychology
 Development Psychology
 Social Psychology
 Cross Cultural and Cultural Psychology
 Environmental Psychology
 Health Psychology
 Clinical and Counselling Psychology
 Industrial/ Organizational Psychology
 Educational Psychology
 Sports Psychology
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7. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
 Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as “attention, language
use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking.”
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8. ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
 Environmental
psychologists work
in school, industrial
and governmental
settings. They
design work
environment and
study the effects of
crowding, noise
and air pollution on
behavior.
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9. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
 Educational psychology is the branch of
psychology concerned with the scientific
study of human learning.
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10. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECTURE
 Psychology is directly related to culture, art, and architecture.
 Architectural Psychology can be described as a branch of
environmental or ecological psychology.
 It is the interaction between human and their environment.
 This includes spatial perception, orientation behavior, living
requirement and satisfaction.
 The architecture provides a sense of space and support to all type of
human activities if used appropriately and it provides firmness, service,
and delight.
 Architectural Psychology is an interdisciplinary subject of psychology and
architecture that focuses on architectural design by using Gestalt
psychology, cognitive psychology and other related psychology principles.
 In human, cognitive structure and process are part of the mind, which emerges
from a brain and nervous system inside the body that exists in a social and
physical world.
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11. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECTURE
 Spatial properties include location, size, distance, direction, separation and
connection, shape, pattern, and movement.
 Some major mechanism of structural design which affects human psyche are:
 building form,
 positive and negative space,
 color,
 opening,
 open space,
 lighting,
 acoustics,
 sound construction,
 green technique, and
 landscape.
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12. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECTURE
 People spend their better part of their day in a built environment and therefore much
of their thought about space is directly intertwined with the architectural and urban
form of their surroundings.
 Therefore spatial knowledge of our environment is an essential component of
wellbeing, stress-free living and working.
 Architectural psychology is an important multidisciplinary field, bridging traditional
psychology, engineering, architecture, domestic planning, and much more to assist
people to design buildings and living spaces for better occupation.
 Architecture is a form of human expression, portraying the psyche of the collective or
individual designer.
 The father of analytical psychology Carl Jung describes a building architecture as a
structural diagram of the human psyche that conceives and creates. It is an
established fact that art and architecture offers a vehicle for conveying our deepest
unconscious thoughts of human beings.
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13. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECTURE
 David Canter, the author of many books on architecture, environment, and people,
began his career as an architectural psychologist studying the interactions between
people and buildings, publishing and providing consultancy on the designs of offices,
schools, prisons, housing and other building forms.
 In his landmark publication, Psychology for Architects (1974) David Canter
explains the field of environmental psychology, analyzing, explaining and
understanding how people interact with the buildings and spaces around them.
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14. RESEARCH
 Christian Jarrett quotes a study conducted in 2011, for example, which was focused
on curved versus rectilinear furniture. People were asked to view furniture in rooms
and furniture with straight edges were rated as less appealing and approachable
compared to curved ones.
 More findings from psychologist into engineering and architectural space, design
and planning, explain further the inner psyche of people which is essential for
healthy living space.
1) When People with Alzheimer’s having a private room with an own personal object
around them will exhibit less aggression, anxiety and fewer psychotic symptoms.
2) The Brain Development of premature babies can be disrupted by artificial
lightning.
3) People can be encouraged to drive through neighborhoods more carefully using
psychological measures for example by making the roads narrow. Accordingly, by
removing the street props and signs, altogether the speed of the vehicle can be
reduced. The reason behind is that the without directions and boards may appear
riskier for the drivers and finally he slowdowns his vehicle.
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15. REFERENCES
 11TH NCERT BOOK-PSYCHOLOGY
 https://medium.com/archilyse/1-the-influence-of-architecture-on-our-psyche-f183a6732708
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272494482800042
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309432628_Architectural_Psychology
 https://www.slideshare.net/goldenphizzwizards/current-trends-in-psychology-research-
how-can-they-improve-library-practice
 file:///C:/Users/artra/Downloads/psychology-141015000830-conversion-gate01.pdf
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