Sexuality and Identity: Scientific Findings
Paul R. McHugh, MD
Aaron Kheriaty, MD
Executive Summary of “Living the Truth in Love”
An international conference and resource event to address pastoral approaches toward men and women with homosexual tendencies
October 2, 2015
Pontifical University of St. Thomas Rome, Italy
Today, terms like “homosexual persons” and “sexual orientation” are used as if they had a univocal meaning and described objective, even obvious realities existing in the world. But phrases like “homosexual persons” and “sexual orientation” can be misleading, and words like “homosexual” and “homosexuality” are ambiguous.
Insisting on language better suited to scientific and anthropological realities will help clarify the truth about our identity as human persons and the true basis of our dignity, for those within and beyond our religious communities.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Psychoanalysis presentation in Counseling Theories, Tools, and Techniques.
If you like it and if you find it useful, just like it.
You can also suggest to update the slide. <3 Thanks!
Sexuality and Identity: Scientific Findings
Paul R. McHugh, MD
Aaron Kheriaty, MD
Executive Summary of “Living the Truth in Love”
An international conference and resource event to address pastoral approaches toward men and women with homosexual tendencies
October 2, 2015
Pontifical University of St. Thomas Rome, Italy
Today, terms like “homosexual persons” and “sexual orientation” are used as if they had a univocal meaning and described objective, even obvious realities existing in the world. But phrases like “homosexual persons” and “sexual orientation” can be misleading, and words like “homosexual” and “homosexuality” are ambiguous.
Insisting on language better suited to scientific and anthropological realities will help clarify the truth about our identity as human persons and the true basis of our dignity, for those within and beyond our religious communities.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Psychoanalysis presentation in Counseling Theories, Tools, and Techniques.
If you like it and if you find it useful, just like it.
You can also suggest to update the slide. <3 Thanks!
Spiritual Transformation in Claimant Mediums / PA Presentation June 2016William Everist, PHD
A qualitative study designed to establish a comprehensive understanding of the initial experience associated with the spiritual transformation process of inexperienced claimant mediums, commonly described as individuals who allegedly have regular communications with the deceased. Spiritually Transformative Experiences are commonly thought to be a type of transformation and expansion of consciousness.
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the Dimensions of Human SexualityFEATURES.docxcravennichole326
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the Dimensions of Human Sexuality
FEATURES
· Gender Dimensions The Multifaceted of Dimension of Gender
· Ethical Dimensions Should Human Embryos Be Used for Stem Cell Research?
· Global Dimensions The Islamic Influence
· Communication Dimensions The CERTS Model
· Multicultural Dimensions Pregnancy and Health
· Communication Dimensions Talking About Your Human Sexuality Class
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
· 1 Identify and discuss the dimensions of human sexuality, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
· 2 Discuss the historical aspects of human sexuality, including the sexual revolution, the role of gender, and the role of culture.
· 3 Apply critical thinking methods to human sexuality.
· 4 Outline the reasons to study human sexuality, including the steps of the decision-making process.
go.jblearning.com/dimensions5e
Global Dimensions: Male Genital Mutilation and Circumcision Practices
Prostate Cancer
Care from Organizations and Available Publications
INTRODUCTION
Let us begin our exploration of the many dimensions of human sexuality by examining how they affect the life of one person: Lisa, an 18-year-old college freshman, involved in her first serious—and sexual—relationship. After several months of dating, Lisa experiences the scare of her life: Her period is late. After a few days she purchases a home-pregnancy kit. As she waits until the morning to take the test, she begins to think about the role of sexuality in her life.
Like most people who grow up in the United States today, Lisa received basic sexuality education in public school. But that brief overview—which Lisa and her friends giggled through—touched only on the physical aspects of reproduction. Nothing prepared her for the emotions she felt during her current relationship, or how her social and cultural upbringing would affect her sexual behavior.
Lisa is a Korean American, a member of a family who respect heritage and tradition. Her parents, a university professor and a homemaker, were born in Korea and had an arranged marriage. The traditional Korean view of sexuality is conservative, and virginity is highly prized for marriage. Although Lisa holds on to many traditional views, she also struggles with the permissive attitude toward sexuality that prevails in the U.S. culture today—an attitude that her boyfriend shares (Brennan, 1999).
An unexpected pregnancy for Lisa would be a major tragedy in her family. Pregnancy outside marriage would shame not only the individual (and make her an “unperson”) but also the entire family. Her family could choose to exile her.
Korean Americans tend not to tolerate secrecy by children and exert strict parental control. The Korean culture discourages open discussion of feelings and seeking out of psychological counseling. Thus Lisa is in a crisis because she feels she cannot tell her parents, but she also cannot tell anyone else (who may in turn tell her parents). In fact, Lisa has yet to tell her boy ...
Assignment Our Sense of Self Required ResourcesReadreview th.docxbraycarissa250
Assignment: Our Sense of Self
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
· Textbook: Chapter 3
· Lesson
· Minimum of 3 scholarly sources (in addition to the textbook)
Instructions
This week we explored the topics of self-concept, self-esteem and self-presentation. Take some time to reflect on your own self-concept. Who are you? How do you define yourself? How do you feel about your abilities to be successful and accomplish your goals? What image of yourself do you currently, or do you wish to moving forward present to the world. Keep that introspective reflection in mind as you move through this assignment, considering how your own understanding of these ideas has evolved over the years to your present level of development.
Now, pretend that you have been asked to speak to a group of middle school students on the topic of bullying as it relates to self-concept, self-esteem and self-presentation. Create a PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:
· Keeping in mind your audience of 12-14 year olds, define self-concept, self-esteem and self-presentation.
· Analyze and explain the possible causes of bullying in the context of these three concepts.
· Analyze and explain the impact of bullying (on the victim and aggressor) of these three concepts.
· Provide specific actions or behaviors kids in your audience can use to stop or respond positively when they see bullying, are bullied, or are tempted to bully.
As you complete your presentation, be sure to:
· Use speaker's notes to expand upon the bullet point main ideas on your slides, making references to research and theory with citation.
· Proof your work
· Use visuals (pictures, video, narration, graphs, etc.) to compliment the text in your presentation and to reinforce your content.
· Do not just write a paper and copy chunks of it into each slide. Treat this as if you were going to give this presentation live to a group of middle school kids - be relevant, engaging, and focused.
Presentation Requirements (APA format)
· Length: 8-10 slides (not including title, introduction, and references slides)
· Font should not be smaller than size 16-point
· Parenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA style
· References slide (a minimum of 3 outside scholarly sources plus the textbook and/or the weekly lesson for each course outcome)
· Title and introduction slide required
Chapter 3 p54.
Can you imagine living a meaningful or coherent life without a clear sense of who you are? In The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, neurologist Oliver Sacks (1985) described such a person—a patient named William Thompson. According to Sacks, Thompson suffered from an organic brain disorder that im- pairs a person’s memory of recent events. Unable to recall anything for more than a few seconds, Thompson was always disoriented and lacked a sense of inner continuity. The effect on his behavior was startling. Trying to grasp a constantly vanishing identity, Thomps ...
APA, The assignment require a contemporary approach addressing Race,.docxamrit47
APA, The assignment require a contemporary approach addressing Race, Gender, and Crime. All work will include an introduction and a cogent thesis. The literature review will include a body of knowledge inclusive of in text citations, and supporting relevant references. The paper should end with discussions that highlight the future of the CJS. A conclusion of the literature review will end the written assignment. The assignment will consist of 2000 words. Reference page along with 6 peer reviewed references and course textbook.
.
APA style and all questions answered ( no min page requirements) .docxamrit47
APA style and all questions answered ( no min page requirements)
Diagnostic Techniques -
Pick any two diseases that require diagnostic tests to identify them from the body system. Use one of the body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatobiliary, lymphatic, reproductive or nervous systems. For each of the diseases, explain:
Why is a particular test recommended?
How does the test work?
What information is obtained from the diagnostic test regarding the disease?
Does the diagnosis need confirmation with another diagnostic test?
.
Apa format1-2 paragraphsreferences It is often said th.docxamrit47
Apa format
1-2 paragraphs
references
It is often said that people today are no longer loyal to organizations. Yet employees are loyal to their direct supervisor. This discussion question asks you to evaluate and apply your understanding of followership theory. Reflect on any techniques for understanding, achieving, and positively applying organizational and personal power and influence as a follower.
When effective leaders leave an organization to move on to another organization, they often take at least one or two employees. Employees who respect a leader and have generated a relationship and bond want to work under that leader. One indicator of effective leaders is communication skills in which a leader is attuned to the needs of each employee.
REAL-LIFE APPLICATION: Discuss a leader with whom you are familiar and who has the loyalty of his or her direct reports. Alternatively, you might interview a friend or family member about their experiences or you may research a well-known leader. Address the following in your response.
Evaluate how this leader earns respect and loyalty from his or her employees.
If you were in a leadership position, what methods would you implement to inspire, motivate, and empower your employees?
Support your discussion with at least one scholarly article and, if relevant, credible media reports, and cite each source using APA style.
.
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced1. Choose a speech to review. It.docxamrit47
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced
1. Choose a speech to review. It can be any type (informative, persuasive, special occasion). It should be between 7-20 minutes. You may search Youtube for videos of speeches (TED talks, commencement speeches, public addresses by government etc).
Copy the link of the video you've chosen to your submission form.
2. Analyze the speech content and speaker delivery, paying attention to:
what the message is
how the message is organized
nonverbal cues (tone, pitch, pauses, gestures etc)
the context in which the message is being delivered
3. Provide your opinion on the speech and speaker delivery.
What do you think the intention of the speaker is?
Does the effect on the audience seem to follow that intention?
What did you like about the speech?
Is it appropriate for the context; why?
Be sure to attach your essay as a .doc or .rtf file and make sure to proofread for spelling and grammar errors.
.
APA format httpsapastyle.apa.orghttpsowl.purd.docxamrit47
APA format
https://apastyle.apa.org/
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Min number of pages are 30 pages
Must have
Contents with page numbers
Abstract
Introduction
The problem
Are there any sub-problems?
Is there any issue need to be present in relation to the problem?
The solutions
Steps of the solutions
Compare the solution to other solution
Any suggestion to improve the solution
Conclusion
References
Research Paper topic:
Computer Security Objects Register
https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Computer-Security-Objects-Register
The Computer Security Objects Register (CSOR) specifies names that uniquely identify CSOs. These unique names are used to reference these objects in abstract specifications and during the negotiation of security services for a transaction or application.
The studies must look at different algorithms used CSOR and the benefits of using CSOR
.
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced1. Choose a speech to review. .docxamrit47
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced
1. Choose a speech to review. It can be any type (informative, persuasive, special occasion). It should be between 7-20 minutes. You may search Youtube for videos of speeches (TED talks, commencement speeches, public addresses by government etc).
Copy the link of the video you've chosen to your submission form.
2. Analyze the speech content and speaker delivery, paying attention to:
what the message is
how the message is organized
nonverbal cues (tone, pitch, pauses, gestures etc)
the context in which the message is being delivered
3. Provide your opinion on the speech and speaker delivery.
What do you think the intention of the speaker is?
Does the effect on the audience seem to follow that intention?
What did you like about the speech?
Is it appropriate for the context; why?
Be sure to attach your essay as a .doc or .rtf file and make sure to proofread for spelling and grammar errors.
.
APA Formatting AssignmentUse the information below to create.docxamrit47
APA Formatting Assignment
Use the information below to create a reference list using proper APA formatting
1)
Authors: Christina Jane Jones, Helen Smith and Carrie Llewellyn
Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of health belief model interventions in improving adherence: a
systematic review
Publication Year: 2014
Journal: Health Psychology Review, Vol. 8, No. 3, 253_269
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2013.802623
2)
Authors: Mohammad Bagherniya, Ali Taghipour, Manoj Sharma, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Isobel R.
Contento, Seyed Ali Keshavarz, Firoozeh Mostafavi Darani and Mohammad Safarian
Title: Obesity intervention programs among adolescents using social cognitive theory: a systematic
literature review
Publication Year: 2018
Journal: Health Education Research, Vol. 33, No. 1, 26_39
3)
Authors: Christine Y. K. Lau, Kris Y. W. Lok, Marie Tarrant
Title: Breastfeeding Duration and the Theory of Planned Behavior and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Framework: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Publication Year: 2018
Journal: Maternal and Child Health Journal, Vol. 22, 327_342
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2453-x
4)
Authors: Amy E. Bodde, Dong-Chul Seo
Title: A review of social and environmental barriers to physical activity for adults with intellectual
disabilities
Publication Year: 2009
Journal: Disability and Health Journal, Vol. 2, 57_66
5)
Authors: Linda Irvine, Ambrose J. Melson, Brian Williams, Falko F. Sniehotta, Gerry Humphris, Iain K.
Crombie
Title: Design and development of a complex narrative intervention delivered by text messages to reduce
binge drinking among socially disadvantaged men
Publication Year: 2018
Journal: Pilot and Feasibility Studies, Vol. 4, No.105, 1_11
.
APA style300 words10 maximum plagiarism Mrs. Smith was.docxamrit47
APA style
300 words
10% maximum plagiarism
Mrs. Smith was a 73-year-old widow who lived alone with no significant social support. She had been suffering from emphysema for several years and had had frequent hospitalizations for respiratory problems. On the last hospital admission, her pneumonia quickly progressed to organ failure. Death appeared to be imminent, and she went in and out of consciousness, alone in her hospital room. The medical-surgical nursing staff and the nurse manager focused on making Mrs. Smith’s end-of-life period as comfortable as possible. Upon consultation with the vice president for nursing, the nurse manager and the unit staff nurses decided against moving Mrs. Smith to the palliative care unit, although considered more economical, because of the need to protect and nurture her because she was already experiencing signs and symptoms of the dying process. Nurses were prompted by an article they read on human caring as the “language of nursing practice” (Turkel, Ray, & Kornblatt, 2012) in their weekly caring practice meetings.
The nurse manager reorganized patient assignments. She felt that the newly assigned clinical nurse leader who was working between both the medical and surgical units could provide direct nurse caring and coordination at the point of care (Sherman, 2012). Over the next few hours, the clinical nurse leader and a staff member who had volunteered her assistance provided personal care for Mrs. Smith. The clinical nurse leader asked the nurse manager whether there was a possibility that Mrs. Smith had any close friends who could “be there” for her in her final moments. One friend was discovered and came to say goodbye to Mrs. Smith. With help from her team, the clinical nurse leader turned, bathed, and suctioned Mrs. Smith. She spoke quietly, prayed, and sang hymns softly in Mrs. Smith’s room, creating a peaceful environment that expressed compassion and a deep sense of caring for her. The nurse manager and nursing unit staff were calmed and their “hearts awakened” by the personal caring that the clinical nurse leader and the volunteer nurse provided. Mrs. Smith died with caring persons at her bedside, and all members of the unit staff felt comforted that she had not died alone.
Davidson, Ray, and Turkel (2011) note that caring is complex, and caring science includes the art of practice, “an aesthetic which illuminates the beauty of the dynamic nurse-patient relationship, that makes possible authentic spiritual-ethical choices for transformation—healing, health, well-being, and a peaceful death” (p. xxiv). As the clinical nurse leader and the nursing staff in this situation engaged in caring practice that focused on the well-being of the patient, they simultaneously created a caring-healing environment that contributed to the well-being of the whole—the emotional atmosphere of the unit, the ability of the clinical nurse leader and staff nurses to practice caringly and competently, and the qualit.
APA format1. What are the three most important takeawayslessons.docxamrit47
APA FORMAT
1. What are the three most important takeaways/lessons from the material provided in this module? (150 words or more)
2. Drawing on the material that was provided what else would like to know? What other related questions/ideas/topics would you like to explore in the future? (100 words or more)
3. What is lobbying? What role does it play in the relationship between government and business? (100 words or more)
.
More Related Content
Similar to Psychology 2014. Vol.5, No.2, 160-165 Published Online Feb.docx
Spiritual Transformation in Claimant Mediums / PA Presentation June 2016William Everist, PHD
A qualitative study designed to establish a comprehensive understanding of the initial experience associated with the spiritual transformation process of inexperienced claimant mediums, commonly described as individuals who allegedly have regular communications with the deceased. Spiritually Transformative Experiences are commonly thought to be a type of transformation and expansion of consciousness.
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the Dimensions of Human SexualityFEATURES.docxcravennichole326
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the Dimensions of Human Sexuality
FEATURES
· Gender Dimensions The Multifaceted of Dimension of Gender
· Ethical Dimensions Should Human Embryos Be Used for Stem Cell Research?
· Global Dimensions The Islamic Influence
· Communication Dimensions The CERTS Model
· Multicultural Dimensions Pregnancy and Health
· Communication Dimensions Talking About Your Human Sexuality Class
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
· 1 Identify and discuss the dimensions of human sexuality, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
· 2 Discuss the historical aspects of human sexuality, including the sexual revolution, the role of gender, and the role of culture.
· 3 Apply critical thinking methods to human sexuality.
· 4 Outline the reasons to study human sexuality, including the steps of the decision-making process.
go.jblearning.com/dimensions5e
Global Dimensions: Male Genital Mutilation and Circumcision Practices
Prostate Cancer
Care from Organizations and Available Publications
INTRODUCTION
Let us begin our exploration of the many dimensions of human sexuality by examining how they affect the life of one person: Lisa, an 18-year-old college freshman, involved in her first serious—and sexual—relationship. After several months of dating, Lisa experiences the scare of her life: Her period is late. After a few days she purchases a home-pregnancy kit. As she waits until the morning to take the test, she begins to think about the role of sexuality in her life.
Like most people who grow up in the United States today, Lisa received basic sexuality education in public school. But that brief overview—which Lisa and her friends giggled through—touched only on the physical aspects of reproduction. Nothing prepared her for the emotions she felt during her current relationship, or how her social and cultural upbringing would affect her sexual behavior.
Lisa is a Korean American, a member of a family who respect heritage and tradition. Her parents, a university professor and a homemaker, were born in Korea and had an arranged marriage. The traditional Korean view of sexuality is conservative, and virginity is highly prized for marriage. Although Lisa holds on to many traditional views, she also struggles with the permissive attitude toward sexuality that prevails in the U.S. culture today—an attitude that her boyfriend shares (Brennan, 1999).
An unexpected pregnancy for Lisa would be a major tragedy in her family. Pregnancy outside marriage would shame not only the individual (and make her an “unperson”) but also the entire family. Her family could choose to exile her.
Korean Americans tend not to tolerate secrecy by children and exert strict parental control. The Korean culture discourages open discussion of feelings and seeking out of psychological counseling. Thus Lisa is in a crisis because she feels she cannot tell her parents, but she also cannot tell anyone else (who may in turn tell her parents). In fact, Lisa has yet to tell her boy ...
Assignment Our Sense of Self Required ResourcesReadreview th.docxbraycarissa250
Assignment: Our Sense of Self
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
· Textbook: Chapter 3
· Lesson
· Minimum of 3 scholarly sources (in addition to the textbook)
Instructions
This week we explored the topics of self-concept, self-esteem and self-presentation. Take some time to reflect on your own self-concept. Who are you? How do you define yourself? How do you feel about your abilities to be successful and accomplish your goals? What image of yourself do you currently, or do you wish to moving forward present to the world. Keep that introspective reflection in mind as you move through this assignment, considering how your own understanding of these ideas has evolved over the years to your present level of development.
Now, pretend that you have been asked to speak to a group of middle school students on the topic of bullying as it relates to self-concept, self-esteem and self-presentation. Create a PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:
· Keeping in mind your audience of 12-14 year olds, define self-concept, self-esteem and self-presentation.
· Analyze and explain the possible causes of bullying in the context of these three concepts.
· Analyze and explain the impact of bullying (on the victim and aggressor) of these three concepts.
· Provide specific actions or behaviors kids in your audience can use to stop or respond positively when they see bullying, are bullied, or are tempted to bully.
As you complete your presentation, be sure to:
· Use speaker's notes to expand upon the bullet point main ideas on your slides, making references to research and theory with citation.
· Proof your work
· Use visuals (pictures, video, narration, graphs, etc.) to compliment the text in your presentation and to reinforce your content.
· Do not just write a paper and copy chunks of it into each slide. Treat this as if you were going to give this presentation live to a group of middle school kids - be relevant, engaging, and focused.
Presentation Requirements (APA format)
· Length: 8-10 slides (not including title, introduction, and references slides)
· Font should not be smaller than size 16-point
· Parenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA style
· References slide (a minimum of 3 outside scholarly sources plus the textbook and/or the weekly lesson for each course outcome)
· Title and introduction slide required
Chapter 3 p54.
Can you imagine living a meaningful or coherent life without a clear sense of who you are? In The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, neurologist Oliver Sacks (1985) described such a person—a patient named William Thompson. According to Sacks, Thompson suffered from an organic brain disorder that im- pairs a person’s memory of recent events. Unable to recall anything for more than a few seconds, Thompson was always disoriented and lacked a sense of inner continuity. The effect on his behavior was startling. Trying to grasp a constantly vanishing identity, Thomps ...
APA, The assignment require a contemporary approach addressing Race,.docxamrit47
APA, The assignment require a contemporary approach addressing Race, Gender, and Crime. All work will include an introduction and a cogent thesis. The literature review will include a body of knowledge inclusive of in text citations, and supporting relevant references. The paper should end with discussions that highlight the future of the CJS. A conclusion of the literature review will end the written assignment. The assignment will consist of 2000 words. Reference page along with 6 peer reviewed references and course textbook.
.
APA style and all questions answered ( no min page requirements) .docxamrit47
APA style and all questions answered ( no min page requirements)
Diagnostic Techniques -
Pick any two diseases that require diagnostic tests to identify them from the body system. Use one of the body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatobiliary, lymphatic, reproductive or nervous systems. For each of the diseases, explain:
Why is a particular test recommended?
How does the test work?
What information is obtained from the diagnostic test regarding the disease?
Does the diagnosis need confirmation with another diagnostic test?
.
Apa format1-2 paragraphsreferences It is often said th.docxamrit47
Apa format
1-2 paragraphs
references
It is often said that people today are no longer loyal to organizations. Yet employees are loyal to their direct supervisor. This discussion question asks you to evaluate and apply your understanding of followership theory. Reflect on any techniques for understanding, achieving, and positively applying organizational and personal power and influence as a follower.
When effective leaders leave an organization to move on to another organization, they often take at least one or two employees. Employees who respect a leader and have generated a relationship and bond want to work under that leader. One indicator of effective leaders is communication skills in which a leader is attuned to the needs of each employee.
REAL-LIFE APPLICATION: Discuss a leader with whom you are familiar and who has the loyalty of his or her direct reports. Alternatively, you might interview a friend or family member about their experiences or you may research a well-known leader. Address the following in your response.
Evaluate how this leader earns respect and loyalty from his or her employees.
If you were in a leadership position, what methods would you implement to inspire, motivate, and empower your employees?
Support your discussion with at least one scholarly article and, if relevant, credible media reports, and cite each source using APA style.
.
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced1. Choose a speech to review. It.docxamrit47
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced
1. Choose a speech to review. It can be any type (informative, persuasive, special occasion). It should be between 7-20 minutes. You may search Youtube for videos of speeches (TED talks, commencement speeches, public addresses by government etc).
Copy the link of the video you've chosen to your submission form.
2. Analyze the speech content and speaker delivery, paying attention to:
what the message is
how the message is organized
nonverbal cues (tone, pitch, pauses, gestures etc)
the context in which the message is being delivered
3. Provide your opinion on the speech and speaker delivery.
What do you think the intention of the speaker is?
Does the effect on the audience seem to follow that intention?
What did you like about the speech?
Is it appropriate for the context; why?
Be sure to attach your essay as a .doc or .rtf file and make sure to proofread for spelling and grammar errors.
.
APA format httpsapastyle.apa.orghttpsowl.purd.docxamrit47
APA format
https://apastyle.apa.org/
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Min number of pages are 30 pages
Must have
Contents with page numbers
Abstract
Introduction
The problem
Are there any sub-problems?
Is there any issue need to be present in relation to the problem?
The solutions
Steps of the solutions
Compare the solution to other solution
Any suggestion to improve the solution
Conclusion
References
Research Paper topic:
Computer Security Objects Register
https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Computer-Security-Objects-Register
The Computer Security Objects Register (CSOR) specifies names that uniquely identify CSOs. These unique names are used to reference these objects in abstract specifications and during the negotiation of security services for a transaction or application.
The studies must look at different algorithms used CSOR and the benefits of using CSOR
.
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced1. Choose a speech to review. .docxamrit47
APA format2-3 pages, double-spaced
1. Choose a speech to review. It can be any type (informative, persuasive, special occasion). It should be between 7-20 minutes. You may search Youtube for videos of speeches (TED talks, commencement speeches, public addresses by government etc).
Copy the link of the video you've chosen to your submission form.
2. Analyze the speech content and speaker delivery, paying attention to:
what the message is
how the message is organized
nonverbal cues (tone, pitch, pauses, gestures etc)
the context in which the message is being delivered
3. Provide your opinion on the speech and speaker delivery.
What do you think the intention of the speaker is?
Does the effect on the audience seem to follow that intention?
What did you like about the speech?
Is it appropriate for the context; why?
Be sure to attach your essay as a .doc or .rtf file and make sure to proofread for spelling and grammar errors.
.
APA Formatting AssignmentUse the information below to create.docxamrit47
APA Formatting Assignment
Use the information below to create a reference list using proper APA formatting
1)
Authors: Christina Jane Jones, Helen Smith and Carrie Llewellyn
Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of health belief model interventions in improving adherence: a
systematic review
Publication Year: 2014
Journal: Health Psychology Review, Vol. 8, No. 3, 253_269
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2013.802623
2)
Authors: Mohammad Bagherniya, Ali Taghipour, Manoj Sharma, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Isobel R.
Contento, Seyed Ali Keshavarz, Firoozeh Mostafavi Darani and Mohammad Safarian
Title: Obesity intervention programs among adolescents using social cognitive theory: a systematic
literature review
Publication Year: 2018
Journal: Health Education Research, Vol. 33, No. 1, 26_39
3)
Authors: Christine Y. K. Lau, Kris Y. W. Lok, Marie Tarrant
Title: Breastfeeding Duration and the Theory of Planned Behavior and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Framework: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Publication Year: 2018
Journal: Maternal and Child Health Journal, Vol. 22, 327_342
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2453-x
4)
Authors: Amy E. Bodde, Dong-Chul Seo
Title: A review of social and environmental barriers to physical activity for adults with intellectual
disabilities
Publication Year: 2009
Journal: Disability and Health Journal, Vol. 2, 57_66
5)
Authors: Linda Irvine, Ambrose J. Melson, Brian Williams, Falko F. Sniehotta, Gerry Humphris, Iain K.
Crombie
Title: Design and development of a complex narrative intervention delivered by text messages to reduce
binge drinking among socially disadvantaged men
Publication Year: 2018
Journal: Pilot and Feasibility Studies, Vol. 4, No.105, 1_11
.
APA style300 words10 maximum plagiarism Mrs. Smith was.docxamrit47
APA style
300 words
10% maximum plagiarism
Mrs. Smith was a 73-year-old widow who lived alone with no significant social support. She had been suffering from emphysema for several years and had had frequent hospitalizations for respiratory problems. On the last hospital admission, her pneumonia quickly progressed to organ failure. Death appeared to be imminent, and she went in and out of consciousness, alone in her hospital room. The medical-surgical nursing staff and the nurse manager focused on making Mrs. Smith’s end-of-life period as comfortable as possible. Upon consultation with the vice president for nursing, the nurse manager and the unit staff nurses decided against moving Mrs. Smith to the palliative care unit, although considered more economical, because of the need to protect and nurture her because she was already experiencing signs and symptoms of the dying process. Nurses were prompted by an article they read on human caring as the “language of nursing practice” (Turkel, Ray, & Kornblatt, 2012) in their weekly caring practice meetings.
The nurse manager reorganized patient assignments. She felt that the newly assigned clinical nurse leader who was working between both the medical and surgical units could provide direct nurse caring and coordination at the point of care (Sherman, 2012). Over the next few hours, the clinical nurse leader and a staff member who had volunteered her assistance provided personal care for Mrs. Smith. The clinical nurse leader asked the nurse manager whether there was a possibility that Mrs. Smith had any close friends who could “be there” for her in her final moments. One friend was discovered and came to say goodbye to Mrs. Smith. With help from her team, the clinical nurse leader turned, bathed, and suctioned Mrs. Smith. She spoke quietly, prayed, and sang hymns softly in Mrs. Smith’s room, creating a peaceful environment that expressed compassion and a deep sense of caring for her. The nurse manager and nursing unit staff were calmed and their “hearts awakened” by the personal caring that the clinical nurse leader and the volunteer nurse provided. Mrs. Smith died with caring persons at her bedside, and all members of the unit staff felt comforted that she had not died alone.
Davidson, Ray, and Turkel (2011) note that caring is complex, and caring science includes the art of practice, “an aesthetic which illuminates the beauty of the dynamic nurse-patient relationship, that makes possible authentic spiritual-ethical choices for transformation—healing, health, well-being, and a peaceful death” (p. xxiv). As the clinical nurse leader and the nursing staff in this situation engaged in caring practice that focused on the well-being of the patient, they simultaneously created a caring-healing environment that contributed to the well-being of the whole—the emotional atmosphere of the unit, the ability of the clinical nurse leader and staff nurses to practice caringly and competently, and the qualit.
APA format1. What are the three most important takeawayslessons.docxamrit47
APA FORMAT
1. What are the three most important takeaways/lessons from the material provided in this module? (150 words or more)
2. Drawing on the material that was provided what else would like to know? What other related questions/ideas/topics would you like to explore in the future? (100 words or more)
3. What is lobbying? What role does it play in the relationship between government and business? (100 words or more)
.
APA General Format Summary APA (American Psychological.docxamrit47
APA General Format
Summary
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within
the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6th edition, second printing of the
APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations,
endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6th ed., 2nd printing).
Contributors: Joshua M. Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore,
Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck
Last Edited: 2016-05-13 12:06:24
Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in APA.
To see a side-by-side comparison of the three most widely used citation styles, including a chart
of all APA citation guidelines, see the Citation Style Chart.
You can also watch our APA vidcast series on the Purdue OWL YouTube Channel.
General APA Guidelines
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins
on all sides. You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt.
Times New Roman font.
Include a page header (also known as the "running head") at the top of every page. To create
a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right. Then type "TITLE OF YOUR
PAPER" in the header flush left using all capital letters. The running head is a shortened
version of your paper's title and cannot exceed 50 characters including spacing and punctuation.
Major Paper Sections
Your essay should include four major sections: The Title Page, Abstract, Main Body,
and References.
Title Page
The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author's name, and the institutional
affiliation. Include the page header (described above) flush left with the page number flush right
at the top of the page. Please note that on the title page, your page header/running head should
look like this:
Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
Pages after the title page should have a running head that looks like this:
TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/949/01/
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8F43A67F38DE3D5D&feature=edit_ok
http://www.youtube.com/user/OWLPurdue
After consulting with publication specialists at the APA, OWL staff learned that the APA 6th
edition, first printing sample papers have incorrect examples of Running heads on pages after
the title page. This link will take you to the APA site where you can find a complete list of all the
errors in the APA's 6th edition style guide.
Type your title in upper and lowercase letters centered in the upper half of the page. APA
recommends that your title be no more than 12 words in length and that it should not contain
abbreviations or words that serve no purpose. Your title may take up one or two l.
Appearance When I watched the video of myself, I felt that my b.docxamrit47
Appearance
When I watched the video of myself, I felt that my black straight skirt, closed toed shoes and white collared shirt gave a professional appearance and more credibility with the audience. My hair was a little too casual. I wished I had that one strand tacked back so it would have stayed out of my eyes. This made it hard for the audience to see my face and was distracting when I had to keep tucking it back. My earrings were small so the audience would watch me and not my jewelry. I wasn’t standing up straight and it made me look less confident. I need to remember to have better posture when speaking.Organizational Pattern
My introduction was slow and clear and the story was suspenseful enough to grab their attention. It was a little confusing at the beginning because I didn’t preview the main points but because I transitioned well between the steps by saying, “Now that you have completed step 1, selecting the pattern, you are ready to move to step two, preparing the wood” the audience was able to follow. I remembered to state my research source for two of the steps but forgot the third. It made the third step seem shallower and I think I lost credibility. My word choice was good. I made sure to use a variety of descriptive words for the types of wood, explained new vocabulary and repeated phrases to help the audience remember the steps. For some reason the ending was weak. I didn’t tie it to the introduction or have a good ending sentence. It would have been a good idea to remind them of the beginning story and how woodworking affects their everyday life.Vocal Qualities
During my speech I had such a dry mouth that I messed up on the pronunciation of some of the words like saying “exspecially” instead of “especially.” This sounded less professional to the audience. I had good projection so that even the back row could hear without straining. My pitch variation is getting better but I still keep using the same rhythm with my pauses. This make me sound more monotone, like I’m reading the speech rather than just having a conversation. I’ll need to practice changing my rate and pauses. I also noticed many of my sentences end in an up-pitch, like I’m asking a question. If I bring some of those down it will make me appear more confident rather than questioning. It is hard to get rid of those filler words. “Like” and “so” are two of my favorites but it does make me sound like a teenager. I had no idea I said them so much.Delivery
There weren’t many gestures, which made me look stiff and nervous. I just held my note cards and stood in one spot the whole time. I need to do more with my hands and maybe move a little more in the space. I really admire the people in class who have such a good flow with their delivery from gestures to using the space around them purposefully. I felt I held my note cards too close to my face and had my head down most of the time. While watching the video, I noticed I looked at my cards and the poster a l.
apa format1-2 paragraphsreferencesFor this week’s .docxamrit47
apa format
1-2 paragraphs
references
For this week’s discussion, choose a current social movement from anywhere in the world. Then, using the required readings, videos, and your own research, discuss the “role these leaders” play in your chosen social movement. In addition, describe any group or collective processes that you discovered. Use specific examples to make major points.
Support your writing with at least two scholarly sources that are
in addition
to required reading.
.
APA Format, with 2 references for each question and an assignment..docxamrit47
APA Format, with 2 references for each question and an assignment.
1. Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial
activities, and others say they do not. Discuss arguments
for both points of view.
3. What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing
intelligent systems on mobile data?
4. Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from
current literature and their impact on data science as a
profession.
Ex.2. Search the Internet to find examples of how intelligent
systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment,
mass customization, and teamwork.
Reflective Assignment:
What has been significant about this course that will help you perform data science tasks in the future.
.
APA-formatted 8-10 page research paper which examines the potential .docxamrit47
APA-formatted 8-10 page research paper which examines the potential psychological impact of long-term exposure to mass media messages on the major issues surrounding political advertising and political campaigns in the United States and why it is currently relevant and impacts society.
12 Point Times New Roman Font
Double Spaced
Please include research that supports ideas and topics related to political advertising and political campaigns in the United States.
.
APA STYLE 1.Define the terms multiple disabilities and .docxamrit47
APA STYLE
1.Define the terms
multiple disabilities
and
deaf-blindness
as described in the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
2.Identify three types of educational assessments for students with severe and multiple disabilities.
3.Identify the features of effective services and supports for children with severe and multiple disabilities during a) early childhood years and b) elementary school years.
4. Distinguish between the term
deaf
and
hard of hearing
5.
Identify 4 approaches to teaching communication skills to people with a hearing loss.
6.
What are the distinctive features of refractive eye problems, muscle disorders of the eye and receptive eye problems?
7.Describe two content areas that should be included in educational programs for students with vision loss.
8. Identify several disabilities that may accompany cerebral palsy.
9.What is spina bifida myelomeningocele?
10.Describe the physical limitations associated with muscular distrophy
11.Describe the AIDS disease stages through which individuals with the syndrome move
12.Identify present and future interventions for the treatment of children and youth with cystic fibrosis.
.
APA STYLE follow this textbook answer should be summarize for t.docxamrit47
APA STYLE
follow this textbook answer should be summarize for this below text
Study all types of Distributive Justice (6 or 7 total)
Summarize each in
one sentence
. Produce examples for each.
Don't use
any other text or article except this one.
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
1. Scope and Role of Distributive Principles
2. Strict Egalitarianism
3. The Difference Principle
4. Equality of Opportunity and Luck Egalitarianism
5. Welfare-Based Principles
6. Desert-Based Principles
7. Libertarian Principles
8. Feminist Principles
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
Strict Egalitarianism
One of the simplest principles of distributive justice is that of strict, or radical, equality. The principle says that every person should have the same level of material goods and services. The principle is most commonly justified on the grounds that people are morally equal and that equality in material goods and services is the best way to give effect to this moral ideal.
The Difference Principle
The most widely discussed theory of distributive justice in the past four decades has been that proposed by John Rawls in
A Theory of Justice
, (Rawls 1971), and
Political Liberalism
, (Rawls 1993). Rawls proposes the following two principles of justice:
· 1. Each person has an equal claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic rights and liberties, which scheme is compatible with the same scheme for all; and in this scheme the equal political liberties, and only those liberties, are to be guaranteed their fair value.
· 2. Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: (a) They are to be attached to positions and offices open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and (b), they are to be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society. (Rawls 1993, pp. 5–6. The principles are numbered as they were in Rawls' original
A Theory of Justice
.)
Equality of Opportunity and Luck Egalitarianism
Dworkin proposed that people begin with equal resources but be allowed to end up with unequal economic benefits as a result of their own choices. What constitutes a just material distribution is to be determined by the result of a thought experiment designed to model fair distribution. Suppose that everyone is given the same purchasing power and each uses that purchasing power to bid, in a fair auction, for resources best suited to their life plans. They are then permitted to use those resources as they see fit. Although people may end up with different economic benefits, none of them is given less consideration than another in the sense that if they wanted somebody else's resource bundle they could have bid for it instead.
In Dworkin's proposal we see his attitudes to ‘ambitions’ and ‘endowments’ which have become a central feature of luck egalitarianism (though under a wide variety of al.
APA7Page length 3-4, including Title Page and Reference Pag.docxamrit47
APA7
Page length: 3-4, including Title Page and Reference Page.
Discuss and explore the synergy that RFID technology & Time Based Competition has had on the grocery retail industry. Are the two concepts compatible? And then explain. Provide real-world scenarios, which reflect Time Base Competition.
video on
RFID in Logistics
.
APA format, 2 pagesThree general sections 1. an article s.docxamrit47
APA format, 2 pages
Three general sections:
1. an article summary,
2. how the article is relevant to psychology and human behavior (what do the results mean)
3. reaction to the article (was it interesting , were the results surprising, did it seem like common sense, etc.)
.
APA Style with minimum of 450 words, with annotations, quotation.docxamrit47
APA Style with minimum of 450 words, with annotations, quotations and 3 references.
. Mass vaccination after a disaster:
There was a natural disaster that occurred and has led to an infectious disease outbreak (your choice of one that is vaccine-preventable). Those affected by the disaster are settled in temporary locations with high population densities, inadequate food and shelter, unsafe water, poor sanitation and infrastructure that has been compromised or destroyed. There is a vaccine available for the infectious disease but there are not enough doses to give to all who are at-risk due to the natural disaster.
You are the public health official in charge of infectious disease prevention. Devise a plan to administer the vaccine to the population. Will you use a lottery system or target specific sub-populations? How will you track and monitor those who are vaccinated? Use the attributes of the infectious disease to provide reasoning behind your plan. What other prevention techniques that can be used to supplement the vaccination plan?
.
APA FORMAT1. What are the three most important takeawayslesson.docxamrit47
APA FORMAT
1. What are the three most important takeaways/lessons from the material provided in this online course (the entire quarter) and why? (150 words or more)
2. How did the material provided in this course assist your growth as a student and as an individual, in general? (150 words or more).
.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Other discomfort diseases related to identity, body scheme
and/or integrity are discussed in relation to
Gender Dysphoria. Because persons experiencing Gender
Dysphoria need a precise diagnostic that pro-
tects their access to care and will not be used against them in
social, occupational or legal areas a distinc-
tion diseases is provided in this text, because a meticulous
description with clear exclusion criteria is re-
quired.
Keywords: Gender Dysphoria; Delusional Disorder-Somatic;
Body Dysmorphic Disorder; Body Integrity
Identity Disorder; Parietal Cortex
Introduction: Concepts, Definitions and
Considerations for Identity
Identity and self are concepts not easy to describe or quantify.
There has been thousands of thinkers and Philosophers across
History and time who pursued to add some clarity to those eva-
sive ideas, because at the time one thinks about them, they
change their size and entity.
In 1690, J. Locke realized memory had an important role for
personal identity, as including our experiences and learning
processes as part of our way to be, that is different from the
rest.
Locke hold personal identity as a matter of psychological con-
tinuity (Nimbalka, 2011).
For declarative and procedural memories consolidation is
required the hippocampus were bilaterally activated while the
memory is being created, and later that event is consolidated
and strengthened in the cortex, together with amygdale and
orbitofrontal participation (Eichenbaum et al., 1996; Fink et al.,
3. 1996; Viard et al., 2007). Although there are several brain net-
works to create a memory. Autobiographical memory is the one
related to build our own identity, but there are quite an agree-
ment between different authors, concerning to the necessity of
awareness for timing course and an existence of a specifically
personal engaged to the event to remember related to its mean-
ing and to a motivation for being involved in the reconstruction
of one’s own past and autobiographical memory (Fink et al.,
1996; Fink, 2003). Amygdale (emotions) and will (anterior
cingulated cortex) might be important brain areas to be in-
volved in fixing memories, including autobiographical (Swaab,
personal comm.).
This role was such a crucial aspect of identity for Locke to
say if someone does not remember nothing of his or her past,
then he or she “literally has no identity” (Locke, 1975). This
consideration of identity as the same as memory was defined by
Joseph Butler as a “wonderful mistake”: “In other words, I can
remember only my own experiences, but it is not my memory of
an experience that makes it mine; rather, I remember it only
because it’s already mine. So while memory can reveal my
identity with some past experiencer, it does not make that expe-
riencer me. What I am remembering”, then, insists Butler, “are
the experiences of a substance, namely, the same substance that
constitutes me now” (Butler, 1975).
Later on, the philosopher and psychologist William James at
the end of 19th century tried to reorganize ideas for identity
(Sollberger, 2013). He made a core distinction between two
aspects of identity: the “me” and the “I”. The former referring
to the permanence and continuity in present time and space of
the self while the later also were including the past experiences
as an integral part of consciousness. Kant were also more in
line with James, since he sustained all knowledge, including
self-knowledge, must be derived a posteriori from experiences
4. of sensation and reflection. Although, perhaps the concepts of I,
me, and mine are built empirically, but perhaps the primitive
sense of the self or identity, as distinct from other objects and
people in the environment, is given a priori. Self-consciousness
for Kant therefore implies a priori knowledge about the neces-
sary and universal truth expressed in this principle of appercep-
tion, (the lens of past experiences; (Ott, 2004)) through which
identity is built a posteriori, but the original primitive a priori
knowledge cannot be based on experience.
Nowadays it is accepted memory is not only for identity as
Locke sustained, but only the episodic memory as our autobio-
graphical memory about the self for the events and experiences
in our lives, which includes a mental representation of the self
as the main acting role for some action, while other memories,
http://www.scirp.org/journal/psych
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.52025
mailto:[email protected]
A. GARCIA-FALGUERAS
OPEN ACCESS 161
such as semantic memory, are the personal generic knowledge
about the world (Kihlstrom & Klein, 1997).
Gender Dysphoria (GD)
Being a woman or a man is a very relevant aspect of our-
selves, configuring our behavior and preferences and also the
social expectations. Transsexualism, the most extreme form of
Gender Dysphoria, is an individual’s unshakable conviction of
belonging to the opposite sex than the chromosomes say, which
often leads to a request for sex-reassignment surgery and hor-
5. monal treatment for life (Blanchard, 1993; Cohen-Kettenis &
Gooren, 1999). Transsexual people desire to live and be ac-
cepted as a member of the gender opposite to that assigned at
birth (Hembree et al., 2009). The term Male-to-Female (MtF)
transsexual refers to a chromosomally male who identified on
the female gender; the term Female-to-Male (FtM) transsexual
means a chromosomally female person who identified on the
male gender. Gender dysphoria (GD) is a DSM-V diagnosis
that recently has been separated from Sexual Dysfunctions and
Paraphillic Disorders because persons experiencing gender dys-
phoria need a diagnostic term that protects their access to care
and will not be used against them in social, occupational or
legal areas. In DSM-IV-TR it is defined as:
A) A strong and persistent cross-gender identification, com-
bined with a persistent discomfort with one’s sex or sense of
inappropriateness in the role of that sex, causes clinically sig-
nificant distress.
B) Persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inap-
propriateness in the role of that sex.
C) The disturbance is not concurrent with a physical intersex
condition.
D) The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or
impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of
functioning.
Usually the gender assigned at birth is that one correspond-
ing to the chromosomal information, but many exceptions hap-
pens considering only genetic data (Kandhelwal et al., 2010).
The reason why this criteria is still very used is because these
two parameters (chromosomes-gender) are practically always
correlated in an animal (Ngun et al., 2011). Recently, Australi-
an and after them German legislation, which went into effect on
6. Friday November 1st in 2013, were enacted in order to give
parents and children more time before making life-changing sex
reassignment decisions in cases of intersex genital characteris-
tics at birth. This will happen in German legislation having a
third option (blank for gender designation box in babies whose
gender is not clear at birth) only of their birth certificates, not
other legal registries such as passports, being possible to change
this blank designation later on to male or female or can be left
blank indefinitely (Stafford, 2013).
Only in 23% of cases (1/3 according to the DSM-V) does a
childhood gender problem leading to transsexuality in adult-
hood. With regard to sexual orientation, the most likely out-
come of childhood gender identity disorder is adult homosex-
uality or bisexuality. This population is served by clinicians
(Gender Teams) because they usually suffer from abuses and
on one-fourth of patients reported childhood maltreatment (Ban-
dini et al., 2011).
According to the onset time, transsexuality can be divided in
two different courses: early and late onset. In the early one, the
discomfort is present since the beginning of cross gender iden-
tification, between 2 and 4 years old. In late onset the cross
gender identification appears during puberty or adulthood, in a
more gradually way and being concurrent sometimes with
Transvestism Fetishism (DSM-IV-TR). It must be noted, how-
ever, that gender identity development is intrinsically pro-
grammed and there is no way of prevention for the disorder
(Looy & Bouma, 2005). On the other hand, some specific dif-
ferences in onset timing might be happening between sexes, for
Male-to-Female and Female-to-Male transsexuals (Lawrence,
2010).
There are still many confusions and doubts about what trans-
sexualism is in general population. The reason why might be
7. related to some mixed definitions or not boundaries well estab-
lished. For clarifying purposes, here we would like to explain
what is NOT transsexualism (Table 1) (as the extreme Gender
Dysforia form):
A) It is not an extreme form of homosexuality.
Although homosexuality is not included in the DSM any
more, some confusion it is still surrounding the two concepts:
gender dysphoria and gender orientation are two independent
processes in our brain. Neuroanatomical studies have shown
there are some brain regions located in the hypothalamus which
were related to sexual orientation in its volume—such as the
subdivision INAH3-(LeVay, 1991) and also to gender dyspho-
ria in its volume and number of neurons (Garcia-Falgueras &
Swaab, 2008). Other regions were related only to gender dys-
phoria in its intermediate values for volume and number of cells
—INAH1—(Garcia-Falgueras et al., 2011) and the other region
in human hypothalamus were not different among man and
woman, nor related to sexual orientation or to gender dysphoria
—INAH4—(Allen et al., 1989; LeVay, 1991; Garcia-Falgueras
& Swaab, 2008; Garcia-Falgueras et al., 2011).
On the other hand, there are many reasons to logically con-
sider sexual orientation and gender dysphoria as different
processes in our brains. For instance, it is widely accepted,
since Kinsey’s scales, there are many grades in sexuality, de-
fined as a continuum from 0 to 6, from exclusive heterosexual
behavior to exclusive homosexual behavior. While for gender
dysphoria there are two categories (male to female and female
to male) although a third one can be also considered in cases of
gender indeterminacy at birth (Stafford, 2013). Hypothetically
those characteristics measured by different grades in scales
might be belonging to different specialization brain networks,
although they could share some components, such are those
related to sexual arousal or libido which are located in the brain
8. in the insula, the inferior and middle frontal gyrus and the hy-
pothalamus as well (Hu et al., 2008), also incuding more cor-
tical areas such as the anterior cingulated cortex, the anterior
temporal cortex, and the ventral globus pallidus (Rauch et al.,
1999).
B) It is not a delusional disorder, somatic type.
This is a primary disorder that is diagnosed when prominent
nonbizarre delusions coming from the own body (odors, mal-
formations, insects, etc.) are present for at least one month and
the symptoms criteria for Schizophrenia have never been met.
Hallucinations may be present but auditory or visual hallucina-
tions cannot be prominent. For the somatic type the delusions
are mainly related to physical defect, functions or general med-
ical condition (DSM-IV-TR). The exclusion criteria for Gender
Dysphoria might be:
1st) the prominent nonbizarre delusions are never related to
the gender, role or sex, but with some physical defect or general
A. GARCIA-FALGUERAS
OPEN ACCESS 162
Table 1.
Common aspects and main differences between Gender
Dysphoria, homosexuality and some DSM disorders.
GENDER DYSPHORIA
COMMON DIFFERENT
9. HOMOSEXUALITY Coincidence 58% (Smith et al., 2005)
Gender: continuum 3 levels Orientation: continuum 6 levels
DELUSIONAL DISORDER, SOMATIC Discomfort coming
from the own body
1st) the body dysmorphic disorder is about a real physical minor
flaw (i.e.
acne) exaggerated to the extreme of causing deep impairment
but it is not
related to gender, role or sex.
2nd) In Gender Dysphoric patients, after hormones and surgical
intervention and restoration of comfort between body and
gender, most
of cases dysphoria do not persist.
BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER Discomfort coming from the
own body
1st) the prominent nonbizarre delusions are never related to the
gender,
role or sex, but with some physical defect or general medical
condition
and
2nd) in Gender Dysphoric patients, after hormones and surgical
intervention and restoration of comfort between body and
gender, most
of cases dysphoria do not persist.
DISOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Inequal personalities or
identities.
1st) in dissociative identity different personalities are belonging
to the
same gender.
2nd) in dissociative identity memory problems are related.
10. 3rd) In Gender Dysphoric patients, after hormones and surgical
intervention and restoration of comfort between body and
gender, most
of cases dysphoria do not persist.
BODY INTEGRITY IDENTITY
DISORDER
Coincidence 19% (First, 2005; Lawrence,
2006; First & Fisher, 2012)
1st) in Body Identity Integrity Disorder desires of amputations
are related
to arms and legs, not to genitals or breasts.
medical condition and
2nd) In Gender Dysphoric patients, after hormones and sur-
gical intervention and restoration of comfort between body and
gender, most of cases dysphoria do not persist.
C) It is not a body dysmorphic disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder is a secondary somatoform dis-
order marked by a preoccupation and perpetual negative
thoughts about their appearance with pain and discomfort. It is
based on a imagined or trivial defect in appearance (usually
related to skin, hair or nose) that causes clinically significant
distress or impairment in social, occupational or other impor-
tant areas of functioning. The exclusion criteria for Gender
Dys-
phoria might be:
1st) the body dysmorphic disorder is about a real physical
minor flaw (i.e. acne) exaggerated to the extreme of causing
11. deep impairment but it is not related to gender, role or sex.
2nd) In Gender Dysphoric patients, after hormones and sur-
gical intervention and restoration of comfort between body and
gender, most of cases dysphoria do not persist.
D) It is not a dissociative identity disorder
DSM-IV-TR defines a dissociative disorder or multiple per-
sonality disorder as an extremely rare mental secondary disord-
er characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring
identities or dissociative personality states that alternatively
control a person’s behavior, accompanied by memory impair-
ments, lapsus and asymmetric amnesia. The exclusion criteria
for Gender Dysphoria might be:
1st) in dissociative identity different personalities are belong-
ing to the same gender.
2nd) in dissociative identity memory problems are related.
3rd) In Gender Dysphoric patients, after hormones and sur-
gical intervention and restoration of comfort between body and
gender, most of cases dysphoria do not persist.
E) It is not a Body Identity Integrity Disorder (BIID)
Currently BIID is not included in the International Statistical
Classification of Diseases 11th revision nor in the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV or V. As such
this disorder is often not known to surgeons, neurologist and
psychiatrists.
Although both, the BIID and the transsexual desire of gona-
dectomy could be defined as a deep discomfort sensations that
12. causes clinically significant distress to the patient, in both dis-
orders patients recognize reality, meaning those discomfort
sensations are illusions, not delusions. In both cases, after sur-
gical restoration discomfort between body and gender or iden-
tity does not persist. Those people have in common that they
are preoccupied (defined as extreme or excessive concern) with
their body concept. That preoccupation causes clinically signifi-
cant distress (depressed mood, anxiety, shame) or impairment
in occupational or other important social areas. The distress
increases and intensifies the desire of changing their bodies.
The unique exclusion criteria for Gender Dysphoria might
be:
1st) in Body Identity Integrity Disorder desires of amputa-
tions are related to arms and legs, not to genitals or breasts.
Then, could be those diseases related someway in the brain?
Firstly described as apotemnophile (amputation lovers) by
Money et al. (1977) and most recently as Xenomelia (McGeogh
et al., 2011; Brugger et al., 2013), a holdover from sexological
research at Johns Hopkins in the 1970s, Body Integrity Identity
Disorder (BIID) is used to describe people who feel from an
early age that part of their body does not belong to them and
they want to get rid of it, no matter what the cost is. They do
not accept a particular limb as part of their body, even if it
there’s nothing wrong with its structure and function.
Neuroanatomically the BIID is characterized by an increased
excitability of the dorsal-horn neurons, a reduction of inhibitory
processes, and structural changes at the central nerve endings of
the primary sensory neurons, the interneurons and the projec-
tion neurons. This central sensitization is mediated by the
NMDA receptor and its transmitter is glutamate (Flor, 2002).
Thalamic stimulation and recordings in human amputees have
13. A. GARCIA-FALGUERAS
OPEN ACCESS 163
shown that reorganizational changes also occur at the thalamic
level and are closely related to the perception of phantom limbs
and phantom-limb pain. Tactile stimulation for undesired limbs
causes a different brain activity (van Dijk et al., 2013). It has
been suggested an absent memory process by a Hebbian learn-
ing mechanism for the limbs after amputation that could ex-
plain the weak phantom feelings (Ramachandram & Hirstein,
1998). After the amputation, a cortical reorganization via long-
range horizontal collateral pyramidal neurons through the
GABA releasing might be occurring adjacent to the deaffe-
rented areas (DeFelipe et al., 1986).
BIID patients usually report thinking about their perceived
appearance flaws for an average of 3 - 8 hours a day and about
one quarter report for more than 8 hours a day (Phillips et al.,
2010). In BIID different motivations for wanting an amputation
have been described and they usually report more than one
reason, although restoring identity is much more likely to be
reported as primary (First, 2005). This pathology is usually
strongly associated with high levels of social anxiety and some
obsessive compulsive behaviors (i.e. mirror checking) have
been described. Very poor functioning and high levels or rates
of depression, anxiety, social anxiety, anger/hostility, suicidali-
ty and other proxy measures of distress are usually described
(Phillips et al., 2010). There is a small subgroup of Gender
Dysphoric patients who also present with symptoms relevant to
BIID (Phillips et al., 2010) or BIID patients that present similar
symptoms that Gender Dysphoric (First, 2005; Lawrence, 2006;
First & Fisher, 2012).
14. The conviction that a lower leg or arm does not belong to
them develops at an early age, generally when patients are a
child, or sometimes as a young adult. A child with BIID will
cut figures out of newspapers, and then chop off the leg that
they want to have amputated themselves. Although very little
research has been done during development, several similarities
were found for body dysmorphic disorders (BDD) between
youth and adults (Phillips et al., 2010). Some patients have
these feeling increased progressively over his early adult years
and would intensify these feelings when they are under stress
(First, 2005). This leads to an overpowering desire for amputa-
tion. Only once their limbs have been amputated, they do feel
“complete”. Surgeons who carry out these requests run the risk
of being condemned for amputating a healthy limb. It seems
that two-thirds of those patients, who do ultimately manage to
have an amputation, damage their unwanted limb to the extent
that it has to be amputated. Sometimes this involves putting
their whole life in danger by putting a bullet through the knee-
cap, freezing the leg or using a saw to do the job themselves
and paradoxically they finally “feel complete” and with the only
regret of no having done it sooner. They can even get agitated,
extremely envious or even sexually arousal activated when they
see handicapped people who have to live without a leg or an
arm,
and sometimes this is the moment that they first realize that this
is what they themselves want (First, 2005; First & Fisher,
2012).
Often they will try to imitate the desired situation as close as
possible, for example by using an elastic bandage to bind a leg
against their buttocks, wearing wide trousers which hide the
lower part of the leg, folding up a trouser leg, walking with
crutches or using a wheelchair. Males are more likely affected
by BIID than females (Braam et al., 2006).
The connection with transsexuality is especially intriguing
15. due to the percentage (19 percent) of BIID patients who also
exhibit a gender identity problem and the high percentage of
homosexual and bisexual BIID patients (also 19 percent) (First,
2005; Lawrence, 2006). Comorbidity with depressive, anxiety
or somatoform disorders have been described (First, 2005). But
psychotherapy or pills do not generally change the minds of
those afflicted with the disorder, although there is one report of
a BIID patient feeling less miserable after taking anti-depres-
sants and following cognitive behavioral therapy (Flor et al.,
2002). Later this patient told that, although it was nice to talk to
someone it did not change his desire for amputation at all.
A recent research on BIID and MRI have proved the tactile
stimulation for undesired limb is reduced in its brain activity,
involving the parietal lobe, suggesting the BIID might be cause
by altered integration or somatosensory and propioceptive
information (van Dijk et al., 2013). Curiously parital cortex has
been related to body scheme for perception of the self in my-
tical experiences (Beauregard & Paquette, 2006). There is evi-
dence that the parietal cortex is part of the neuronal systeme
implicated in the processing of visuospatial representation of
the body schema in the process of self/other distintion (Neggers
et al., 2006).
The BIID and the GD can be both explained by a mechanism
hard-wiring where the body image is represented innately into
the brain. It has been suggested the image of the sex organs of
transsexuals are “hard-wired” in the brain in a manner which is
opposite to that of their biological sex (Ramachandran &
McGeoch, 2007; Brang et al., 2008). This idea is based on the
fact that in transsexual population a different pattern of phan-
tom syndromes occurs after castration or breast extirpation
(Ramachandram & McGeogh, 2007; Brang et al., 2008). After
gonadectomy and breast removal, transsexual patients expe-
rience a phantom syndrome less frequently than the non-trans-
16. sexual population (Ramachandram & McGeoch, 2007). Around
60% of men who have to have their pennies amputated for
cancer will experience a phantom penis post-penectomy, but
only 30% of the post-operative male-to-female transsexuals
reported the incidence of a phantom penis. On the other hand
surprisingly the 62% of the female-to-male transsexual patients
reported having felt vivid phantom penises, including phantom
erections for many years. Moreover only the 10% of those fe-
male to male transsexual patients experienced phantom breast
sensations post-operatively (Ramachandram & McGeoch, 2008).
One important difference between GD and BIID persons is
the fact cortical reorganization might happen in different areas.
For BIID the motor parietal area is crucial, while for genitals
the location is more inside the brain, close to the foot represen-
tation in the Penfield homunculus (Ramachandram & Hirstein,
1998). In some cases (19%) these can be overlapped, but no so
often, making them different diseases. Exclusion diagnosis
have to be done for other identity disorders, such as the Body
Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID), because the connection with
transsexuality is especially intriguing in these cases due to the
percentage of BIID subjects (19%) (First, 2005; Lawrence,
2006) who also exhibit a gender dysphoric problem. In both
cases the satisfying patient’s demands for a surgical interven-
tion still remains the only way to improve their clinical condi-
tions and to avoid the onset of many other different and dra-
matic complications. Without any treatment the trouble might
became chronic without remission and with high suicides rates.
Psychology for Transsexualism
Sexual minorities are at a higher risk of maltreatment and
A. GARCIA-FALGUERAS
17. OPEN ACCESS 164
abuse (Corliss et al., 2002), together with their higher body
dissatisfaction and a worse lifetime mental health reported.
Maltreatment was defined in this study as an emotional abuse
and/or neglect, physical abuse and/or neglect and sexual abuse
(Bandini et al., 2011). However, an accurate mental health pro-
fessional diagnosis is usually recommended to be made for the
Gender Disorders (Hembree et al., 2009). Any treatment deci-
sions, even when reversible, might always be taken by a whole
clinical team after considering social and familiar circum-
stances (Kreukels & Cohen-Kettenis, 2011). Since the benefits
of clinical treatment for Gender Dysphoria are translated into a
reduction of social ostracism, the complexities of sex-reassign-
ment surgery, its biomedical treatment and the importance of
reducing family psychopathologies or stress when they are
present (Zucker et al., 2012) could be the clinical goals, toge-
ther with an accurate and precise diagnosis, which are per-
spective to be always considered and supported. For those rea-
sons a commitment of health in psychology/psychiatric and
physicians/endocrine professionals to collaborate in under-
standing and properly care treating these difficult diseases
(Hem-
bree et al., 2009) would be required.
Acknowledgements
I thank Prof. Dick F. Swaab for his help in research and Dr.
Jenneke Kruisbrink for her literature resource help.
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