Basic level class for MSW

1. Psychophysiological
disorders
Aarcha Gowri Varma
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

2. Psychophysiological disorders
 Behavioral syndromes Associated with Physiological Disturbance and Physical Factors
 –Mental and behavioral disorders that were earlier called psycho somatic disorders.
 –Include:
•Eating disorder
•Non organic sleep disorder
•Sexual dysfunctions
•Mental and behavioral disorders associated with puerperium (pre natal)
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

3. 1. Eating disorders:
–Characterized by physically and or psychologically harmful eating problems
 –Anorexia nervosa:
o More adolescent/ early adulthood females
o Preoccupation with body image and associated low self image and self esteem
o Refusal to maintain a body weight above the minimum normal weight for one’s age and h
and intense fear of becoming obese.
o Reduced amount of food intake, literally engage in self starvation
o Can lead to other health issues , in extreme cases can be fatal
 Binge eating disorder: (BED)
o eat an unusually large amount of food and feel out of control during the binges.
o at when they are not hungry
o Eat alone because of embarrassment
o Feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating
o Obese/ over weight
o No compensatory behavior
o Due to stressful situation
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

4.  Bulimia Nervosa:
o Recurrent episodes of binge eating (rapid consumption of large quantities of food) at
least twice a week
o Lose control over eating
o Compensatory behaviour – behaviours used to compensate the over eating and
prevent weight gain
o Use vomiting, excess exercises to control weight.
o laxatives(substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are
used to treat and prevent constipation)
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

5.  Causes: -
 Genetics, development disorders
 Social pressure – bullying, body shamming, modelling, family pressure
 Psychological issues- stress, poor self esteem, poor self image,
 Treatment
 Pharmacotherapy,
 Psychotherapy.
 Nutritional supplements ,
 Other psychosocial interventionsAarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

6. SLEEP DISORDER:
 Abnormal pattern of normal sleep wake cycle
 •It is divided into 2
1) Dyssomnias
2) Parasomnias
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

7. •1) Dyssomnias
–These are characterized by disturbance in the amount, quality or timing of sleep.
 Insomnia:
 –Difficulty in initiating sleep (going off to sleep) or maintaining sleep
(remaining asleep)
 Frequent awakening during the night and early morning awakening
 despite adequate duration of sleep, feeling not having rested present (poor
quality of sleep)
 Hypersomia:
 Excessive day time sleepiness
 Sleep attacks during day time (falling asleep unintentionally)
 Sleep drunkenness (person needs much more time to awaken and during this
period is confused and disoriented)
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

8. 2) Parasomnias
 Dysfunctions or episodic night-time events occurring with sleep.
 Most parasomnias are common in childhood though they may persist into adulthood.
 Occurring during deep sleep and when awake does not remember the episode
 Sleep walking (somnambulism): May leave the bed, walk about or leave the house.
Arousal is difficult and accidents may occur during sleep walking.
 Sleep terrors or night terrors suddenly gets up screaming with automatic arousal
(sweating, hyperventilation)
May be difficult to arouse and rarely recalls the episode on awaking.
 Bruxism (tooth grinding):
 Sleep talking (somniloquy):
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

9. SEXUAL DISORDERS:
 Abnormal sexual patterns or behavior
 unable to participate in a sexual relationship as he or she would wish.
 Lack or loss of sexual desire: lack of feelings of desire or of sexual fantasies. lack of interest in
initiating sexual activity
 Sexual aversion and lack of sexual enjoyment: prospect of sexual interaction with a partner
produces sufficient aversion, fear, or anxiety that sexual activity is avoided, or, if it occurs, is
associated with strong negative feelings and an inability to experience any pleasure.
 Failure of genital response: males: erectile dysfunction, i.e. difficulty in developing or
maintaining an erection suitable for satisfactory intercourse
 female lubrication problem
 Orgasmic dysfunction: either absence or marked delay of orgasm
 Premature ejaculation: inability to delay ejaculation sufficiently to enjoy lovemaking
 Excessive sexual driveAarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

10. Sexual relationship disorder
 Paraphilia's (disorders of sexual preference): sexual deviations in which sexual
arousal occurs persistently and significantly in response to objects which are not
part of normal sexual arousal.
 Sexual sadism: sexual aroused by physical /psychological humiliation, suffering
or injury of the sexual partner.
 Sexual masochism: aroused by pain inflicted by other partner.
 Exhibitionism: sexual arousal by the exposure of one’s genitalia to an
unsuspecting stranger (child or female). Followed by masturbation to achieve
organism.
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

11.  Voyeurism: observe unsuspecting persons naked, disrobing or engaged in sexual activity
.
 Frotteurism: act touching and rubbing against an unsuspecting or non consenting
person. It is employed in crowded places.
 Pedophilia: Involvement of an adult in sexual activity with children
 Zoophilia: Involvement in sexual activity with animals
Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS