Introductory class for MSW

1. Common childhood
Psychiatric disorders
Aarcha Gowri Varma
Mphil PSW Scholar
IMHANS
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

2. Psychiatric issues in childhood
Developmental problems
Behaviour and emotional
problems
Serious Mental illness
Psychiatric Problems seen in
children can be divided
broadly into 3 categories
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

3. EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMSEMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

4. EMOTIONAL
AND
BEHAVIORAL
PROBLEMS
ADHD
Conduct
disorder
Oppositional
behaviors
Anxiety
Disorders
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

5. ADHD –Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
Inattentiveness
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

6. • ADHD is a neurodevelopmental, biological condition characterized by:
Inattention, Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
• Inattention
has difficulty keeping their mind on a task, gets bored of a task easily. jumps from one task to
another without completing the first task, easily distracted or doesn’t follow instructions
carefully, forgets and loses things that they need to complete a task
• hyperactivity
can’t sit still ,constantly moving, roaming, touching things, squirming or fidgeting.
• impulsivity
speaks or acts without thinking about the consequences
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

7. Conduct Disorders
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

8. SYMPTOMS
Deceitful Behaviour
• Dishonesty
• Lying
 Aggressive conduct
• Oppressing others
• Frequent fights
• Brutality towards animals
Violation of rules
• Bunking school
• Eluding from home
• Drug and alcohol use
Destructive Behaviour
• Cutting yourself
• Bullying
• Setting fire in public places or things
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

9. Oppositional defiant Behaviors
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

10. • Below 9/10 Year
• No Serious Violations Of
Law/Disruptions.
Hostile, Defiant
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

11. Anxiety Disorders
• Separation anxiety
• Fear of possible harm for major attachment figures
• a fear that they will leave and not return
• worry that some untoward event, such as the child being lost,
kidnapped, admitted to hospital, or killed, will separate him or
her from a major attachment figure
• fear of being alone
• repeated nightmares about separation
• physical symptoms (nausea, stomachache, headache, vomiting,
etc.) on occasions that involve separation from a major
attachment figure
• excessive, recurrent distress (as shown by anxiety, crying,
tantrums, misery, apathy, or social withdrawal) in anticipation
of, during, or immediately following separation from a major
attachment figure
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

12. Phobic anxiety disorder
• exaggerated, intense fear “that is out of proportion to any real fear”
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

13. Social anxiety disorder
Recurrent fear and/or avoidance
when children encounter new,
strange, or socially threatening
situations
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

14. OTHER EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES
Temper Tantrums
Elimination Disorders :-
-Enuresis and
-Encopresis
School refusals
Sibling Rivalry
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

15. Elimination Disorders
• Elimination disorders occur in children who have problems related defecating and
urinating in places other than toilets.
• It is common for young children to have occasional "accidents," there may be a
problem if this behavior occurs repeatedly for longer than three months,
particularly in children older than 5 years.
• There are two types of elimination disorders,
• Encopresis is the repeated passing of feces into places other than the toilet, such as in
underwear or on the floor.
• Enuresis is the repeated passing of urine in places other than the toilet. Enuresis that occurs at
night, or bed-wetting, is the most common type of elimination disorder.,.
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

16. Developmental Disorders
Development milestones
Development Delay
Types-Physical, Social , Language, Cognitive
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

17. Developmental Problems
• Speech delay
• Learning Disability
• Pervasive Developmental
Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorders
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

18. Language/Speech Disorders etc
• omissions, distortions, or substitutions of speech sounds;
Articulation
• Poor vocabulary , difficulties in selecting appropriate
words; Poor sentence structure, especially omissions of
word endings or prefixes; poor grammatical features.
Expressive
Disorder
• inability to understand grammatical structures (negatives,
questions, comparatives,
Receptive
disorder
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

19. Learning Disability/ Specific learning disorder
Dysgraphia Dyslexia
Dyscalculia
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

20. • Dyslexia
• problems identifying speech sounds
• difficulty in learning how sounds relate to letters and words (decoding).
• difficulty reading
• Dysgraphia
• impairs writing ability and fine motor skills.
• Impairs writing process, including spelling, legibility, word spacing and sizing, and
expression
• Trouble forming letters shapes
• Tight, awkward, or painful grip on a pencil
• Difficulty following a line or staying within margins
• Trouble with sentence structure or following rules of grammar when writing, but not
when speaking
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

21. Dyscalculia
Difficulty in
• Arithmetic/ geometrical /measurements etc
• Learn basic math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication
• Understand maths word problems
• Link a number (1) to its corresponding word (one)
• Understand fractions, decimals
• Understand graphs and charts (visual-spatial concepts)
• Count money or make change
• Remember phone numbers or ZIP codes
• Tell time or read clocks
• Estimate things, like how long something takes or the ceiling height
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

22. Pervasive Developmental Disorders
• Impairment in social interaction and communication
• restricted, stereotyped, repetitive repertoire of interests and activities.
• age of onset is by 2 to 2.5years.
• Autism Spectrum disorder – Aspergers syndrome , Rett’s syndrome
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

23. • Problems with using and understanding language;
• difficulty relating to people, objects, and events;
• unusual play with toys and other objects;
• difficulty with changes in routine or familiar surroundings, and
• repetitive body movements or behavior patterns.
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

24. Children with pervasive disorders tend to :
• Fail to respond to his or her name or appears not to hear you at times
• prefer playing alone, retreating into his or her own world
• Have poor eye contact and lacks facial expression
• Can't start a conversation or keep one going, or only starts one to make
requests or label items
• Doesn't express emotions or feelings and appears unaware of others'
feelings
• Inappropriately approaches a social interaction by being passive,
aggressive or disruptive
• Has difficulty recognizing nonverbal cues, such as interpreting other
people's facial expressions, body postures or tone of voice
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

25. Limited, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or
activities:
• Performs repetitive movements, such as rocking, spinning or hand flapping
• Performs activities that could cause self-harm, such as biting or head-banging
• Develops specific routines or rituals and becomes disturbed at the slightest change
• Has problems with coordination or has odd movement patterns, such as clumsiness
or walking on toes, and has odd, stiff or exaggerated body language
• Is fascinated by details of an object, such as the spinning wheels of a toy car, but
doesn't understand the overall purpose or function of the object
• Is unusually sensitive to light, sound or touch, yet may be indifferent to pain or
temperature
• Doesn't engage in imitative or make-believe play
• Fixates on an object or activity with abnormal intensity or focus
• Has specific food preferences, such as eating only a few foods, or refusing foods
with a certain texture
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

26. OTHER SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

27. SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS
• MOOD DISORDERS
• PSYCHOTIC DIORDERS
• OCD
• PERSONALITY TRAITS
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

28. Mental Retardation :Global development delays (delays in
the areas of language, cognition, adaptive and motor milestones)
-Intellectual disability
LEVEL IQ(intelligenc
e quotient )
CHARACTERISTICS
Mild mental retardation- 50 to 69 able to do self-care (eating, washing, dressing,
bowel and bladder control) and in practical and
domestic skills
Educable
Moderate mental retardation- 35 to 49 self-care and motor skills is also retarded, and
some need supervision throughout life
Trainable
Severe mental retardation- 20 to 34. Needs Assistance in basic functioning
Profound mental retardation under 20 Dependent
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

29. MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATING TEAM
Psychiatrist
Neurologist
Clinical
Psychologist
Psychiatric
Social Work
Psychiatric
Nurse
Speech
therapist
Occupational
therapist
Special
Educator
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS

30. Thank You!!!!
Aarcha Gowri Varma, MPhil PSW IMHANS