The document discusses supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) in power systems. SCADA systems enable operators to monitor and control power generation, transmission, and distribution processes. WAMS enhance SCADA by providing synchronized measurements every 20 milliseconds for monitoring power system dynamics. WAMS utilize phasor measurement units (PMUs) to measure voltages and currents, phasor data concentrators (PDCs) to collect and distribute synchronized data, and applications for functions like oscillation detection and visualization. The primary goal of WAMS is real-time monitoring of the power system and alerting operators if measured values exceed thresholds.

1. POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS &
CONTROL(3170915)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DESIGNED BY :
MAYUR APARNATHI(190280109003)
VISHAL BIST(190280109014)

2. SCADA IN POWER SYSTEM
• SCADA IS STANDS FOR SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION.
• SCADA IS A SYSTEM OF DIFFERENT HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ELEMENTS THAT COME TOGETHER TO
ENABLE A PLANT OR FACILITY OPERATOR TO SUPERVISE AND CONTROL PROCESSES.
• SUPERVISORY CONTROL IS A GENERAL TERM FOR A HIGH-LEVEL OF OVERALL CONTROL OF MANY
OF MANY INDIVIDUAL CONTROLLERS OR MULTIPLE CONTROL LOOPS. IT GIVES THE OPERATIONS
SUPERVISOR AN OVERVIEW OF THE PLANT PROCESS AND PERMITS INTEGRATION OF OPERATION
BETWEEN LOW-LEVEL CONTROLLERS.
• DATA ACQUISITION IS THE PROCESS OF SAMPLING SIGNALS BY MEASURING A PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF
PROPERTY OF THE REAL WORLD IN THE FORM OF SIGNALS AND CONVERTING IT FROM ANALOG
WAVEFORM INTO DIGITAL NUMERIC VALUES SO THAT IT CAN BE PROCESSED BY COMPUTING MACHINES.

4. FUNCTION OF SCADA IN POWER PLANT
• CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF SPEED AND FREQUENCY OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES
• GEOGRAPHICAL MONITORING OF COAL DELIVERY AND WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES
• ELECTRICITY GENERATION OPERATIONS PLANNING
• CONTROL OF ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER
• BOILER AND TURBINE PROTECTION AND THEIR CONDITION IN CASE OF THERMAL PLANT
• MONITORING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FARMS AND LOAD DISPATCH PLANNING
• LOAD SCHEDULING
• HISTORICAL DATA PROCESSING OF ALL GENERATION RELATED PARAMETERS
• SUPERVISING THE STATUS OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS, PROTECTIVE RELAYS, AND OTHER SAFETY EQUIPMENT
• POWER APPARATUS HEALTH MONITOR
• THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RECORDING

5. FUNCTIONS OF SCADA IN ELECTRIC
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• RE-ROUTING SERVICES FOR STATION MAINTENANCE
• SERVICE RESTORATION
• PROTECTIVE RELAY INTERFACE/INTERACTION
• VOLTAGE REGULATION MANAGEMENT
• LOAD TAP CHANGER CONTROL
• TRANSFORMER MANAGEMENT
• REAL-TIME MODELING
• AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT ISOLATION CONTROL AND INTERACTIVE SWITCH
CONTROL DISPLAY
• INTERFACE REAL-TIME SINGLE-LINE DISPLAYS
• ON-LINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE LOGS
• AUTOMATIC SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS BY USING SYSTEM-DEFINED CONTROLLER
ALARMS (ALARM MANAGEMENT)

6. SCADA FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION
• IMPROVING EFFICIENCY BY MAINTAINING A TOLERABLE RANGE OF POWER FACTOR
• LIMITING PEAK POWER DEMAND
• TRENDING AND ALARMING THE OPERATORS BY IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM SPOT
• HISTORIAN DATAAND VIEWING THAT FROM REMOTE AND BARELY INACCESSIBLE LOCATIONS
• QUICK RESPONSE TO CUSTOMER SERVICE INTERRUPTIONS
• FEEDER AUTOMATION AND LOAD SECTIONALIZER
• PROVIDE THE ABILITY TO OVER-RIDE AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF CAPACITOR BANKS
• AUTOMATED METER READING
• CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL, LOCKOUT, AND INTERLOCKING
• CONTINUOUS MONITORING AND CONTROLLING OF VARIOUS ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS IN BOTH NORMAL
AND ABNORMAL CONDITIONS WHICH MAY AFFECT THE QUALITY LIKE HARMONIC DISTORTIONS

7. ADVANTAGES OF SCADA SYSTEM
• SCADA SYSTEMS ARE AN EXTREMELY ADVANTAGEOUS WAY TO RUN AND MONITOR PROCESSES. THEY ARE
GREAT FOR SMALL APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS CLIMATE CONTROL. THEY CAN ALSO BE EFFECTIVELY USED IN
LARGE APPLICATIONS SUCH AS MONITORING AND CONTROLLING A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OR MASS
TRANSIT SYSTEM.
• OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE
• RELIABILITY AND ROBUSTNESS
• MAXIMIZE PRODUCTIVITY
• IMPROVE QUALITY
• REDUCE OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
• INTEGRATE WITH BUSINESS SYSTEM

8. WIDE AREA MONITORING SYSTEM(WAMS)
• ADVANCED MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY TO COLLECT INFORMATION.
• CONVENTIONAL SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA)
SYSTEMS PROVIDE STEADY, NON-SYNCHRONOUS INFORMATION OF THE POWER
SYSTEM WITH TIME RESOLUTION BETWEEN 1 AND 10 S. CONVENTIONAL SCADA
SYSTEMS ARE LIMITED TO STEADY-STATE MEASUREMENTS AND CANNOT BE
USED FOR OBSERVING THE SYSTEM DYNAMICS.
• THE USE OF WIDE AREA MONITORING SYSTEM (WAMS) ENABLES POWER SYSTEM
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR TO BE PERMANENTLY MONITORED. WAMS PROVIDES TIME-
SYNCHRONIZED INFORMATION EVERY 20 MS (IN 50 HZ SYSTEMS).

10. MAIN COMPONENTS OF WAMS
• PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNITS(PMU):
• A PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT (PMU) IS A DEVICE WHICH MEASURES THE VOLTAGES AND
CURRENTS ON AN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM, USING A COMMON TIME SOURCE FOR
SYNCHRONIZATION.
• PMUS INSTALLED AT SUBSTATIONS MEASURE VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND FREQUENCY.
THESEMEASUREMENTS ARE SENT DIRECTLY TO THE CENTRAL PDC OR TO A SUBSTATION
PDC.
• PHASOR DATA CONCENTRATORS(PSD):
• A CENTRAL PDC ACQUIRES DATA FROM SUBSTATION PDCS AND PMUS AND
SYNCHRONIZES DATA BY THE TIME TAG AND PERFORMS DATA EVALUATION. THE
SYNCHRONISED DATA IS USE FOR DIFFERENT WAMS APPLICATION, DATA EXCHANGE WITH
OTHER SYSTEMS LIKE SCADA/EMS OR DATA EXCHANGE BETWEEN COMPANIES.
ADDITIONAL, DATA IS USED FOR REAL-TIME VISUALIZATION AND DATA ARCHIVING.
• THE COMMUNICATION LINKS BETWEEN PMUS, SUBSTATION PDC AND CENTRAL PDC MOST

11. PHASOR DATA CONCENTRATOR(PDC)
• A PHASOR DATA CONCENTRATOR (PDC) IS A CORE COMPONENT OF THE WAMS. A PDC
CAN BE IMPLEMENTED AS A STAND-ALONE UNIT THAT COLLECTS DATA AND RE-
DISTRIBUTES IT TO OTHER APPLICATIONS. PDC FUNCTIONS CAN ALSO BE INTEGRATED
INTO OTHER SYSTEMS, FOR EXAMPLE MONITORING/CONTROL PLATFORMS.
• IN THE FOLLOWING THE PDC IS DESCRIBED FROM THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:
1. • REAL-TIME DATA EXCHANGE
2. • REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING—DETECTION FUNCTIONS
3. • DATA STORAGE
4. • DATA VISUALIZATION.

12. 1) REAL-TIME DATA EXCHANGE
REQUIREMENTS:
• DATA ACQUISITION FROM PMU
DEVICES
• DATA EXCHANGE WITH OTHER PDCS
• DATA EXCHANGE WITH SCADA/EMS
SYSTEMS
• DATA EXCHANGE FOR CONTROL AND
PROTECTION
• DATA EXCHANGE WITH REAL-TIME
VISUALIZATION
2) DETECTION AND PROTECTION FUNCTIONS:
• ANGLE DIFFERENCE DETECTION
• LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION DETECTION
• OSCILLATION SOURCE LOCATION
• ISLANDING DETECTION
• VOLTAGE STABILITY DETECTION

13. 3) DATA STORAGE:
• CIRCULAR REAL-TIME
DATABASE
• EVENTS DATABASE
• DISTURBANCE RECORDING
DATABASE
4) DATA VISUALIZATION:
• REAL-TIME MEASUREMENTS AND
CALCULATED VALUES
• DATA STORED IN THE CIRCULAR
DATA BASE
• EVENT DISTURBANCE RECORDINGS
• STORED DATA ON THE LOCAL USER
COMPUTER
• EVENTS AND ALARMS

15. CONCLUSION
• THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE WAMS IS TO MONITOR THE POWER SYSTEM IN REAL-TIME
AND ALERT THE SYSTEM OPERATOR IF THE MEASURED OR CALCULATED VALUES EXCEED
THE SETTING VALUES.
• HIGHER LEVEL OF POWER SYSTEM OBSERVABILITY
• EARLY DETECTION OF OSCILLATIONS IN THE POWER SYSTEM
– LOCATION AND MAGNITUDE
– THE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL SYSTEM
– REAL-TIME OSCILLATION DAMPING ESTIMATION
• TSOS HAVE REAL-TIME MONITORING CAPABILITY OF THE WHOLE ENTSO-E SYSTEM
FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF VOLTAGE ANGLES AND FREQUENCY.
• RECORDING AND ARCHIVING OF EVENTS.
• HELP BASED ON REAL-TIME SYNCHRONIZED DATA FOR TSO OPERATORS WHEN
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN.

16. THANK YOU