Proteinuria refers to an excess of proteins, such as albumin, in the urine. It can be caused by damage to the glomeruli or renal tubules in the kidneys that prevents reabsorption of proteins from the urine. People at highest risk include those with diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or a family history of kidney disease. Tests like urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate are used to detect proteinuria. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure and blood sugar through medications like ACE inhibitors or ARBs to reduce protein loss in the urine.
HIGH AND LOW BLOOD TEST RESULTS: What Do They Mean?Nelson Vergel
As patient self-education grows with access to information online, more people in the U.S. are taking charge of their health by buying their own blood tests online with no doctor visit via companies like DiscountedLabs.com . Large blood testing networks located all over the United States make it easy for empowered and educated patients to find a lab location near them where they can have their blood drawn or provide a urine or saliva sample. Discounted Labs makes it easy for those consumers to buy and interpret their blood test results so that they can have more educated discussions with their physicians.
After people buy their own blood tests and received their results, it is sometimes difficult to make sense of what high or low blood test values mean when compared with the “normal” ranges provided by blood testing companies. Searching on the Internet may only give people a limited explanation of the health consequences of these high or low blood test values. We will attempt to include the most common blood tests, their ranges and meaning of high or low values in the following article to save people time in their search for next steps.
Note: Consult your health care provider to get explanations about your blood test results and how he or she uses them to diagnose and treat your condition. This information is not meant to provide medical advice or guide any treatment decisions and it is only intended as an educational tool to enable you to have an educated discussion with your health care provider.
Unraveling the Enigma of Proteinuria A Deep Dive into Its Connection with Kid...jsomal
The human body is an intricate web of interconnected systems, each playing a vital role in maintaining overall health. Among these, the kidneys stand out as unsung heroes, diligently filtering waste and excess fluids to ensure a delicate balance within. However, when the kidneys encounter challenges, it can manifest in various ways, with proteinuria being a significant red flag. In this comprehensive exploration, we will unravel the complexities of proteinuria and its intricate relationship with kidney disease.
What is Proteinuria?
Proteinuria, a term that may sound intimidating at first, is simply the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine. The kidneys act as meticulous gatekeepers, allowing essential substances to stay in the bloodstream while efficiently filtering out waste products. When this selective process goes awry, proteins, particularly albumin, may leak into the urine. This phenomenon is not a standalone condition; rather, it serves as a crucial indicator of underlying kidney issues.
The Role of Kidneys in Filtration
To appreciate proteinuria, one must understand the kidney’s primary function—filtration. The nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, intricately filter blood, ensuring that essential components like red blood cells and proteins remain in circulation while waste products are excreted as urine. The glomerulus, a network of tiny blood vessels within the nephron, plays a pivotal role in this filtration process. Any disruption to this finely tuned system can lead to the escape of proteins into the urine, setting the stage for proteinuria.
Renal function tests are very useful for effective clinical evaluation of renal failure for effective management. So it is useful for medical and allied professional students and clinical practitioners.
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HIGH AND LOW BLOOD TEST RESULTS: What Do They Mean?Nelson Vergel
As patient self-education grows with access to information online, more people in the U.S. are taking charge of their health by buying their own blood tests online with no doctor visit via companies like DiscountedLabs.com . Large blood testing networks located all over the United States make it easy for empowered and educated patients to find a lab location near them where they can have their blood drawn or provide a urine or saliva sample. Discounted Labs makes it easy for those consumers to buy and interpret their blood test results so that they can have more educated discussions with their physicians.
After people buy their own blood tests and received their results, it is sometimes difficult to make sense of what high or low blood test values mean when compared with the “normal” ranges provided by blood testing companies. Searching on the Internet may only give people a limited explanation of the health consequences of these high or low blood test values. We will attempt to include the most common blood tests, their ranges and meaning of high or low values in the following article to save people time in their search for next steps.
Note: Consult your health care provider to get explanations about your blood test results and how he or she uses them to diagnose and treat your condition. This information is not meant to provide medical advice or guide any treatment decisions and it is only intended as an educational tool to enable you to have an educated discussion with your health care provider.
Unraveling the Enigma of Proteinuria A Deep Dive into Its Connection with Kid...jsomal
The human body is an intricate web of interconnected systems, each playing a vital role in maintaining overall health. Among these, the kidneys stand out as unsung heroes, diligently filtering waste and excess fluids to ensure a delicate balance within. However, when the kidneys encounter challenges, it can manifest in various ways, with proteinuria being a significant red flag. In this comprehensive exploration, we will unravel the complexities of proteinuria and its intricate relationship with kidney disease.
What is Proteinuria?
Proteinuria, a term that may sound intimidating at first, is simply the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine. The kidneys act as meticulous gatekeepers, allowing essential substances to stay in the bloodstream while efficiently filtering out waste products. When this selective process goes awry, proteins, particularly albumin, may leak into the urine. This phenomenon is not a standalone condition; rather, it serves as a crucial indicator of underlying kidney issues.
The Role of Kidneys in Filtration
To appreciate proteinuria, one must understand the kidney’s primary function—filtration. The nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, intricately filter blood, ensuring that essential components like red blood cells and proteins remain in circulation while waste products are excreted as urine. The glomerulus, a network of tiny blood vessels within the nephron, plays a pivotal role in this filtration process. Any disruption to this finely tuned system can lead to the escape of proteins into the urine, setting the stage for proteinuria.
Renal function tests are very useful for effective clinical evaluation of renal failure for effective management. So it is useful for medical and allied professional students and clinical practitioners.
Diet treatment in liver cirrhosis - di Vincenzo Ostilio PalmieriMedOliveOil
Dieta nella cirrosi epatica - di Vincenzo Ostilio Palmieri. 21 giugno 2012. Corso di formazione "valore nutrizionale e salutistico di prodotti agroalimentari” - Università degli studi di Bari.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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2. PROTEINURIA/ALBUMINURIA
ASPECTS OF DISCUSSION:
1) Definition
2) Types
3) Symptoms
4) People at risk for Proteinuria.
5) Tests for Proteinuria.
6) Precautionary measures and medications for proteinuria.
3. PROTEINUIA (Protein in urine )
What is it?
proteins form the major building blocks for our bodies.
The right amount of protein is important in our diets, for growth and repair.
Protein is present in the blood; healthy kidneys should only filter tiny (trace) amounts into the
urine as most protein molecules are too large for the filters (glomeruli).
It is not usual to lose protein in the urine. When this does happen it is known as ‘Proteinuria’.
4. ALBUMINURIA
Albuminuria is a condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally
present in the urine.
Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in
healthy people.
only trace amounts of it are present in urine, whereas larger amounts occur
in the urine of patients with kidney disease.
5. ALBUMINURIA
Albumin is the main protein in the blood.
Its function is to maintain osmotic pressure and transport some nutrient.
It is a chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can result from diabetes, high
blood pressure and diseases that causes inflammation in the kidneys.
Kidney disease is sometimes called renal disease.
If CKD progresses, it can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), when the
kidneys fails completely.
6. Normal urinary protein excretion
In normal adult, normal urinary protein
excretion should be < 150 mg/day.
Normal rate of albumin excretion is < 20
mg/day (15 mcg/min), increases with age and
higher body weight.
9. Tubular proteinuria
Tubular proteinuria: is proteinuria (excessive protein in
the urine) caused by renal tubular dysfunction. Proteins
of low molecular weight are normally filtered at the
glomerulus of the kidney and are then normally
reabsorbed by the tubular cells, so that less than 150
mg per day should appear in the urine.
Low-molecular-weight proteins' appearing in larger
quantities than this is tubular proteinuria, which points
to failure of reabsorption by damaged tubular cells.
10. Low-molecular weight
proteins
Symbols Molecular weights
Amount in normal
serum (plasma)
(mg /100ml)
Lysozymes 14,000 0.5-1.5
Basic protein B1 B1 11,000 –
Basic protein B2 B2 8,800 <1
0.6 S γ2-Globulin – 5,100 <1
2 S γ2-Globulin – 14,000 0.1
Post γ-globulin Pγ 13,260
11. Overflow proteinuria:
Overflow proteinuria: that due to hemoglobin,
myoglobin, or immunoglobulin loss into the urine
due to excessive amounts in the bloodstream, such
as in multiple myeloma; ( It is a cancer that forms in
a type of white blood cell)
12. SYMPTOMS
In most cases, proteinuria has no symptoms and is
detected during a routine screening in people with
high blood pressure or diabetes. If protein loss is
severe, swelling or edema can occur. Edema can be
present in the:
Face and around the eyes
Arms, hands, legs, ankles and feet
Abdomen
13. Other symptoms can include:
Foamy urine
Weight gain caused by fluid retention
Diminished appetite (loss of hunger)
Hypertension
14.
15. Introduction
My name Muhammad Muzamil Arshad.
And I will further carry on with the presentation discussing
Some of the remaining aspects of PROTEINURIA.
16. People at risk for proteinuria
Mainly three types of people are at great risk to suffer through
Proteinuria.
Hypertensive
17. Diabetic People
Diabetic people are one of the major suffers of proteinuria.
In both diabetes type 1,2 the albumin presence in urine is
the first sign of deteriorating kidney functions
Kidney functions decline with increase in the albumin
Concentration in the urine.
19. Hypertensive People
Hypertensive people are also at risk to have proteinuria.
Since in hypertension.
Blood flow is
high &
proteins are
big.
Exert great
pressure on
glomerulus.
As a result
the filter of
kidney is
damaged.
Which causes
leakage of
protein from
blood to
urine.
20. Obese People
In obese people accumulation of fats on the walls of vessels occurs.
Which results in increased blood flow. And may lead to proteinuria.
Some other peoples having family history of diabetes and renal
Diseases are also at risk.
21. Tests for Proteinuria
Earlier researchers though that for protein measurements a
24 hours urine sample collection was required.
But in recent years researchers have found that a single sample is enough
for the protein measurement of the patients.
For this purpose URINE ALBUMIN TO CREATININE RATIO TEST is
Carried out.
22. URINE ALBUMIN TO CREATININE
RATIO
In newer technique the amount of albumin is compared with creatinine.
Creatinine is the waste product of muscles breakdown.
This test is called urine albumin to creatinine ratio.
If the sample contains more than 30mg albumin per gram of creatinine the
patient is said to have Persistent Proteinuria.
Beside ATCR there is an additional test for proteinuria which is
called Estimated glomerulus filtration rate (eGFR).
23.
24. ESTIMATED GLOMERULUS FILTRATION
RATE (eGFR)
Amount of creatinine in blood shows a persons kidney is removing
wastes efficiently.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is present when eGFR is less than
60ml/minute.
Which is an indicator for person suffering through proteinuria.
25. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES &
MEDICATION
Persons with diabetes and hypertension should control their blood
sugar and pressure. This is the only precautionary measure.
The medication for proteinuria includes
o ACE Inhibitor (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor).
o ARB’s (angiotensin receptor blockers).
ACE Inhibitor & ARB’s reduce the intra glomerular pressure on kidney by
inhibiting angiotensin II-medicated efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction.
These drugs also have a proteinuria reducing effect which is independent
of their antihypertensive effect.
