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![University of Puerto Rico<br />Cayey Campus<br />Jessica Díaz Rivera Prof. Belinda Román<br />RISE Program<br />The cause of fecal pollution in the beaches<br />Introduction <br />The beaches are a very valuable natural resource that they represent attractiveness for the development of an effective industry of tourism, and serve as scene for the development of recreational and educative activities. In Puerto Rico due to the little interest, dedication, and to the maintenance of the same, these suffer of great pollution (like it is it the fecal pollution) so that it can affect the health of the swimmers who visit these beaches. Due to the pollution in the water that is generated by the increase of any substance in excessive amount cause harmful effects in the flora and fauna. On the other hand the pollution harms life, health, human well-being, flora, and fauna and simultaneously it disintegrates the quality of the air, the water, the Earth of the goods and the resources. The bacteria coliforms are effective to destroy the organic material in the biological processes of the treatment of waste waters. The coliforms introduce in great number to the environment by the wastes of humans and animals. Since of the fecal pollution we are in favor being affected all would be due to investigate the origin of the same.<br />Hypothesis<br /> Based on the information of the fecal pollution we know that mainly is due to humans and other animals fecal waste, slaughter house, sewers and broken pipes. The accumulation of these wastes is those that create the pollution.<br />Objectives<br />To realize a microbiological study being evaluated the fecal pollution in beaches. In which by means of samples it is possible to be determine if there is growth of E. coli; and the origin of the pollution. And prevent health risks to bather’s population setting risk criteria according to levels of E. coli in water.<br />Goals<br />By means of the experiment to compare four beaches of Puerto Rico and to determine which of the four has less fecal pollution. By studying that makes the Environmental Quality Board inform the public about which beaches are apt for swimmers.<br />Methodology<br />Perform sampling and water analysis. The control group will be the distilled water. Samples of the experimental group will be taken at different beaches:<br />East: “Seven Seas” Fajardo <br />North: Ocean Park<br /> South: La Guancha<br />West: Boquerón <br />The visit to the beach will be twice a week for a month at every beach. Six samples were collected from each beach. To realize the investigation will be used: glass bottle- transparent, with ground stopper, bacteriological sterile and inert, with a capacity of 125ml to 150 ml. Drinking water one meter deep countercurrent. Water samples should be preserves by a 1-5 degrees Celsius (to prevent excess growth of microorganisms present), should be placed on ice to prevent pollution. Under no circumstances should be frozen. Preferably the analysis must be immediate, in any case not exceed 24 hours after the first sample was taken. The determination of enterococci organisms through the chromogenic substrate, is based on the use of hydrolysable chromogenic substrates for detecting enzymes of enterococci as group E. coli. The chromogenic substrate is used to detect the enzyme b-glucosidades, which is produced by bacteria Enterococcus group. The enzyme b-glucosidase hydrolyzes the substrate and causes a color change, which indicates and supports a positive test after 24 hours without additional procedures. Substrate formulations are commercially multiple tube or specimen containers of 100 ml for the determination of presence or absence. The aliquot (powder culture) formulation contains the following anhydrous compounds (per liter of substrate preparation):<br />Ammonium sulfate (NH4) 2SO4 5.oog<br />Manganese sulfate (MnSO4) 0.0005g<br />Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) 0.0005g<br />Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) 0.10g<br />Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 10.0g<br />Calcium chloride (CaCl2) 0.05g<br />Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) 0.04g<br />Amphotericin (B) 0.001g<br />O-Nitrophenyl-bD-galactopyranoside 0.50g<br />4-Methylumbelliferyl-bD-glucuronic 0.075g<br />Solani 5.3g<br />Ac Hepes buffer 6.9g organic<br />Prepare a 1:10 dilution with sterile water (10 ml sample with 90 ml sterile water). Add the reagent (aliquot) to a sample previously diluted 1:10. Cover and seal the container. Once this is done, the content of the bottle will be transferred into an enumerated test tray. Each one of the test tray is sealed in the Quanty-Tray Sealer. Once sealed they were placed in an incubator at 37-37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. The next day using a UV light we will make a count of fluorescent cell that result positive for the presence of E.coli. Afterwards, we will use a numerical probability table to determine total coliforms.<br />Conclusion<br />The main objective is to close beaches with E. coli to protect public health. Make the prevention of beach water pollution a priority by requiring better controls of rain water, drainage, and broken pipes. Demand government a filtration system at each beach to filters waste water before being deposited into the sea.<br />References<br />,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proposalrise-110520184446-phpapp01/85/proposal-rise-1-320.jpg)
