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Prompting users to facilitate support needs in collaborative reflection
- 1. Scalable & cost-effective facilitation of professional identity transformation in public employment services This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 619619 Prompting users to facilitate support needs in collaborative reflection Oliver Blunk, Michael Prilla Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany {oliver.blunk, michael.prilla}@rub.de
- 3. www.employid.eu Starting point (Boud, Keogh, Walker 1985) 3 Behavior Ideas Feelings Returning to experience Attending to feelings Re-evaluating experience New perspectives Change in behavior Readiness for application Commitment to action Experience(s) Reflective process Outcomes Critical / counterfactual thinking
- 4. www.employid.eu Collaborative reflection & support needs 4 Behavior Ideas Feelings Returning to experience Attending to feelings Re-evaluating experience New perspectives Change in behavior Readiness for application Commitment to action Experience(s) Reflective process Outcomes Articulating, sharing (similar) experience(s) Articulating, sharing insights / outcomes Shared perspectives, shared understanding Coordinating and embedding group processes of reflection into work Critical / counterfactual thinking Inference, abstraction Boud (1985)
- 5. www.employid.eu There is need for facilitation: • Asking questions • Moderation • Asking feedback • Communication between people Barriers to reflection: • People getting stuck while reflecting Facilitation needs and barriers 5
- 6. www.employid.eu Computer-supported reflective learning model (Krogstie, Prilla, Pammer 2013) Advantages: • Reflection split up in stages • Clear inputs and outputs for each stage • Designers can specifically support various stages and inputs/outputs 6
- 7. www.employid.eu TalkReflect @ MIRROR Previous studies & Current studies 7 Our work at ECTEL 2015 • ‘Reflection as a Plugin’ => Poster session on Wednesday • Co-flection concept => Session 3B onThursday Codename Rotterdam @ EmployID
- 8. www.employid.eu • Factors benefiting reflection: • Arguing from experiences rather than giving plain advice • Sharing emotions • Asking questions What does facilitation need to do? Insights from our previous studies 8
- 9. www.employid.eu • Personal definition: Prompts is an event containing a cue, which stimulates a behavior (but doesn’t enforce it) on a trigger based, random or periodic basis • Different from notification or awareness mechanism • Careful design required • Long prompts elicit long answers • Long prompts elicit fewer answers • Prompts are being used as a scaffold to support activities in individual and collaborative reflection • Prompts as facilitators • Context-specific Prompts as a scaffold 9
- 11. www.employid.eu Concept – Goals and Examples 11 Goal Example G1: Document surprising experiences in daily work What did surprise you in your daily work lately? Why? G2: Set the objective What is it you want to know from your colleagues? Ask them a specific question! G3: Involve others Who of your colleagues might help you in this? Mention him in your post to notify him or her (@username). G4: Support individual reflection while sharing What has happened? Is there already something you learned from it? G5: Elicit problem description Help your colleagues understand your problem: Try to describe what things you already tried to solve your issue! G6: Get people to explicitly link to their experiences rather than giving plain advice Suggestions are most helpful if they are based on your experience! G7: Single Loop Learning What have you learned regarding this topic so far from this discussion? G8: Double Loop Learning What have you learned so far on an abstract level? G9: Check whether stage has been reached Do you have an idea from this discussion how to change your approach to the topic? If not, phrase a new question G10: Plan application of reflection outcome How do you want to implement the suggestions of your colleagues? G11: Check application of outcomes of a previous reflection cycle Did your plan work? What are your experiences with the change? Tell your colleagues about it. G12: Train people how reflection works best What happened in that situation? How do you think about it now? How do you plan to handle similar situation in future? G13: Support people to feel safe in the environment You can also use the post-anonymously button if you think that you are judged. Don’t only directly criticize your colleagues. Show them also what he/she did correctly.
- 12. www.employid.eu Reflection & Model 12 G1: Document surprising experiences in daily work G3: Involve others G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain advice G10: Plan application of reflection outcome Example: What did surprise you in your daily work lately? Why?
- 13. www.employid.eu Reflection & Model 13 G1: Document surprising experiences in daily work G3: Involve others G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain advice G10: Plan application of reflection outcome Example: Who of your colleagues might help you in this? Mention him in your post to notify him or her (@username)
- 14. www.employid.eu Reflection & Model 14 G1: Document surprising experiences in daily work G3: Involve others G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain advice G10: Plan application of reflection outcome Example: Suggestions are most helpful if they are based on your experience!
- 15. www.employid.eu Reflection & Model 15 G1: Document surprising experiences in daily work G3: Involve others G6: Explicitly link to experiences rather than giving plain advice G10: Plan application of reflection outcome Example: How do you want to implement the suggestions of your colleagues?
- 16. www.employid.eu Leading Questions • Do the prompts change the behavior of the participants? • Does more reflection occur in the discussion threads? • Which prompts help facilitating reflection the most? • Are there any long-term learning effects following the display of prompts? • Which binding character works best? Evaluation setting • Groups of 10-100 counsellors in public employment services • Community of practice setting • Experience exchanges between counsellors Evaluation 16
- 17. www.employid.eu Possible extension of the concept Sustaining Reflectivity Linking to creativity support Setting goals individually… …or as a group 18
- 18. www.employid.eu • Concept shown for specific facilitation for various aspects of (collaborative) reflection • (First ideas on extensions) • First study starting in October • Open challenges: • How to detect discussion context to map goals? • How to automatically detect phases of reflection? • What criteria should be used to scale back prompts? Conclusion & Outlook 19
- 19. www.employid.eu Thank you Oliver Blunk Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Tel: +49-234-322045 Email: oliver.blunk@rub.de http://www.imtm-iaw.rub.de Dr. Michael Prilla Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Tel: +49-234-3227735 E-Mail: michael.prilla@rub.de http://www.imtm-iaw.rub.de/ 20