The document provides an overview of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), detailing their components, operational sequence, programming languages, advantages, and disadvantages. It outlines the history of PLCs, starting from their introduction in the late 1960s, evolving from simple relay replacements to sophisticated systems with the advent of microprocessors. Applications of PLCs span various industries, including robotics, food processing, and automated control systems.

1. { “PLC”
(Programmable Logic Controller)

2. Group Members,,
Mazumder Shovon Kumar : 12-22755-3
Arafat MD,Yasin : 12-22600-3
Muneem Muhtasim Aziz : 12-22751-3
Azazur Rahman : 12-22816-3
Hasan, Md. Akik Ibn : 12-22470-3
Supervised by: RETHWAN FAIZ

3.  What is PLC?
 History of PLC
 Major components of PLC
 Operational sequence of PLC
 Ladder logic
 Example of starting and stopping of a motor
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Application
Contents

4. PLC is a digital computer designed for multiple
inputs and output arrangements, extended
temperature ranges, immunity to electrical
noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. A
PLC is an example of a real time system.
What is PLC?

5. {
History of PLC
PLC was introduced in late 1960’s
First commercial & successful Programmable Logic
Controllers was designed and developed by Modicon as a
relay replacer for General Motors.
Earlier, it was a machine with thousands of electronic parts.
 Later ,in late 1970’s,the microprocessor became reality &
greatly enhanced the role of PLC permitting it to evolve form
simply relay to the sophisticated system as it is today.

6. 6
Major Components of a Common PLC
PROCESSOR
POWER
SUPPLY
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
O M
U O
T D
P U
U L
T E
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
From
SENSORS
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.

7. 7
Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER SUPPLY
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components
I/O MODULES
Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logic-
level signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal.
PROCESSOR
Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the entire
PLC systems.
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
Used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence of
operation and control of process equipment or driven machine.

8. 1)Self test: Testing of its own hardware and
software for faults.
2)Input scan: If there are no problems, PLC
will copy all the inputs and copy their values
into memory.
3)Logic solve/scan: Using inputs, the ladder
logic program is solved once and outputs are
updated.
4)Output scan: While solving logic the output
values are updated only in memory when
ladder scan is done, the outputs will be
updated using temporary values in memory.
PLC operation sequence
Self test
Input scan
Logic scan
Output
scan

9. Most common languages encountered in PLC programming are:
1) Ladder Logic
2) Functional Block Diagram
3) Sequential Function Chart
4) Boolean mnemonics
Programming Languages of
PLC

10. Ladder Logic
 The ladder logic is the oldest
programming
language for PLC.
 It is well suited to express Combinational
logic.
The main ladder logic symbols represent
the
elements : make contact
break contact
relay coil

11. {
Ladder Logic For Basic gates
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
AND Gate
A B Y
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
ON
OR Gate
A
B
Y

12. NOR Gate
A B Y
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
NAND Gate
B
Y
A

13. Block diagram of a PLC
OutputsLED
s
Inputs

14. {
Programming Example:
X2X1
Y1
Y1
Ladder Logic Program for Start/Stop of Motor :

15. Programming PLC:

16. Starting of Motor:

17. Continuous Running of motor when Start
Button is released:

18. To Stop the Motor :

19. {
 Reliability.
 Flexibility in programming and reprogramming.
 Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
 Small physical size, shorter project time.
 High speed of operation.
 Ability to communicate with computer systems in the
plant.
 Ease of maintenance /troubleshooting.
 Reduced space.
 Energy saving.
Advantages of PLCs:

20.  PLC devices are proprietary it means that part or
software of one manufacturer can’t be used in
combination with parts of another manufacturer.
 Limited design and cost option
 Fixed Circuit Operations.
 PLCs manufacturers offer only closed architectures.
Disadvantages of PLCs

21. {
Applications:
Wherever automation is desired the PLCs are best
suited to meet the task.
Few examples of industries where PLCs are used :
1) Robots manufacturing and control
2) Car park control
3) Train control station system
4) Food processing
5) Materials handling
6)Machine tools
7)Conveyer system etc.

22. Thank You!!!