The Role of Ethical Leadership and Social Networks in the Promotion of Workplace Happiness and Quality of Care - A Cross Sectional Study

1. The Role of Ethical Leadership
and Social Networks in the
Promotion of Workplace
Happiness and Quality of Care
- A Cross Sectional Study
Second Group:
1. M. Saad Hussain
2. M. Farukh
3. Sheraz Sajjid
4. Ishaq Safi

2. Author 1:
Tiago Goncalves
Author 2:
Carla Curado
Publishing Date : 09 May, 2023
WILEY
(American Multinational Publishing Company)
Ph.D. in Management
Associate Professor at ISEG
Research Fellow at
University of Lisbon
Ph.D. in Management
Professor at ISEG
Research Fellow at University
of Lisbon

3. Table of contents
01
04
02
05
03
06
Abstract
Introduction
Empirical Insights
Variable Hypothesis
Research Gap
07
08
09
10
Framework
Challenges
Positive Aspects
Critical Review
KeyStone

4. ● Objective of the Study
○ This study looks into how ethical leadership and social networks impact happiness at
work and the quality of care in healthcare environments.
● Research Methodology
○ Using a partial least squares analysis on data from 321 healthcare professionals in
Portuguese hospitals, the study finds positive connections between ethical leadership,
social networks, happiness at work, and the quality of care.
● Significance of Findings
○ Ethical leadership has a positive impact on building strong social networks among
healthcare teams.
○ Happiness in the workplace is directly linked to the perceived quality of care given to
patients, with happier workplaces associated with better care quality. Picture- 1
Abstract of The Study

5. Introduction:
● Healthcare's Changing Landscape: The study looks at how healthcare is getting more
complicated and busier, stressing how important it is to keep making patient care better.
● Ethical Leadership Leading the Way: The study says that having leaders who are fair and
good role models is really important for making workplaces in healthcare better. These
leaders focus on supporting their teams, being kind, doing the right thing, and making sure
everyone communicates well.
● What Ethical Leadership Looks Like: Ethical leaders are honest, clear, fair, and make
decisions based on what's right. They help healthcare workers feel happier with their jobs,
keep them motivated, and make them want to stay in their jobs, creating a work
environment that can handle the pressures of healthcare.
● The Strength of Social Networks: The study shows how important it is for healthcare workers
to have strong social networks. These networks help them work together better, support
each other, and share knowledge, which directly makes patient care better. Picture- 2
Picture- 1

6. ● Connecting Happy Workplaces to Better Care: The study focuses on how being happy at
work, influenced by good leadership and social connections, is directly related to how well
patients are cared for. This highlights the study's goal of exploring how different aspects of
the workplace affect healthcare outcomes.
● Research Objective and Importance: This study aims to investigate how ethical leadership
and social networks impact workplace happiness, which then affects the quality of care. It
fills an important gap in healthcare management literature by showing how ethical
leadership and social connections can improve patient care quality.
● Understanding Healthcare Improvement: The study offers a new perspective for healthcare
organizations to understand and enhance the quality of care they provide.
Introduction: (Cont.)
Picture- 2
Picture- 1

7. ● Contribution: This study addresses the gap in knowledge about how the ethical and social
atmosphere in hospitals influences performance, particularly by examining the importance of
ethical leadership.
● Partial Least Squares Analysis: The study utilized the partial least squares analysis, an
advanced statistical method, to uncover practical insights into how ethical leadership and
social networks affect workplace happiness and the quality of patient care.
● Implications: The findings provide important implications for healthcare management by
highlighting the significance of ethical leadership and social networks in improving both
workplace happiness and the quality of care for patients.
Empirical Insights into Ethical
Leadership & Efficiency (Practical Understanding)

8. ● The hypotheses systematically describe the expected positive effects of ethical leadership
on social networks, workplace happiness, and quality of care.
● They also suggest that social networks have beneficial effects on workplace morale and
care quality.
● Each hypothesis is based on theories that propose a cycle where ethical leadership
improves social cohesion and happiness at work, ultimately leading to efficient and high-
quality healthcare delivery.
Variable Hypothesis
Picture- 1

9. ● Operationalization of Ethical Leadership: There's a lack of research into how ethical
leadership is put into practice in healthcare settings and its impact on organizational
outcomes.
● Ethical Leadership's Influence on Outcomes: More research is needed to understand how
ethical leadership affects healthcare management and outcomes, particularly in terms of
workplace happiness and care quality.
● Role of Social Networks: There's limited research on how social networks among healthcare
professionals directly contribute to improving care quality and workplace well-being.
● Integrating Concepts: The study is getting out a gap in integrating ethical leadership, social
networks, workplace happiness, and care quality into a unified (Mutual
Understanding)research model in healthcare settings.
Research GAP:

10. ● Cultural and Contextual Variability: Research is needed to explore these relationships
across various healthcare systems and cultural contexts to understand how applicable the
findings are across different settings.
● Longitudinal Studies: There's a lack of longitudinal studies that track the effects of ethical
leadership and social networks over time, providing insights into causality and the dynamics
of these relationships.
Research GAP: (Cont.)

11. ● Substantial Implications: The study show success in addressing a critical gap in
understanding the influence of ethical and social environments within hospitals on their
overall performance.
● Empirical Operationalization: The study enhances the empirical understanding of how we
trained our leaders on ethical leadership practice in healthcare, which will providing insights
into its broader impacts on healthcare management and outcomes.
● Limited Research: There's a lack of understanding about how ethical leadership is
implemented in healthcare settings and its direct and indirect impacts on organizational
outcomes.
Filling The Research GAP: (Cont.)

12. ● Framework Summary: The study proposes a step-by-step model linking ethical leadership,
social networks, workplace happiness, and care quality.
● Ethical Leadership's Role: Ethical leadership is seen as the starting point that shapes social
networks among healthcare workers.
● Social Networks' Influence: It's suggested that the quality and extent of social connections
among healthcare professionals act as a mediator between ethical leadership and
workplace happiness.
● Workplace Happiness: This is seen as a crucial outcome affected by ethical leadership and
social networks, which then impacts the quality of care for patients.
● Care Quality: The ultimate goal, hypothesized to be directly influenced by workplace
happiness and indirectly by ethical leadership and social networks.
● Methodology: The study uses partial least squares structural equation modelling (Smart-
PLS) to test these relationships.
● Integrated Approach: The study emphasizes looking at how leadership and relationships in
healthcare settings together affect patient care outcomes.
Framework:

13. ● The cross-sectional design makes it hard to figure out cause and effect, so future studies
should use longitudinal or experimental designs to get stronger results.
● Using self-reported measures might make the results biased. Adding objective measures of
care quality could give a fairer picture.
● Taking a closer look at social networks using specific analysis techniques could give us more
detailed.
● Using trusted scales and a strong statistical analysis method makes the study's findings
more reliable.
● For future research, it's suggested to do studies over a long period and to validate findings
more widely to overcome limitations.
Critical Reviews:

14. ● Study Design Limitations: The study's cross-sectional design limits its ability to determine
causality, highlighting the necessity for future longitudinal investigations to better
understand the relationships between variables over time.
● Scope Generalizability: The study's concentration on Portuguese healthcare settings might
restrict the applicability of its results to various healthcare environments and contexts
worldwide.
● Self-Reported Data Bias: Relying on self-reported measures to assess the quality of care
and workplace happiness may introduce response biases, potentially impacting the
accuracy and reliability of the study's findings.
Challenges:
Picture- 1

15. ● Comprehensive Integration: Bringing together ethical leadership and social networks gives
us a full view of how they work together to affect happiness at work and the quality of care.
● Reliability of Methodology: The study's careful use of trusted measurement tools and a
strong statistical method makes its findings more believable and reliable.
Positive Aspects:
Picture- 1

16. ● The cross-sectional design makes it hard to figure out cause and effect, so future studies
should use longitudinal or experimental designs to get stronger results.
● Using self-reported measures might make the results biased. Adding objective measures of
care quality could give a fairer picture.
● Taking a closer look at social networks using specific analysis techniques could give us more
detailed.
● Using trusted scales and a strong statistical analysis method makes the study's findings
more reliable.
● For future research, it's suggested to do studies over a long period and to validate findings
more widely to overcome limitations.
Keystone:

17. THANKYOU