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Prof. Fabrizio Cesaroni (Associate Professor of Economics and Business, University of Messina): Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies (The case of nanotechnologies)
1) The document discusses knowledge exploration in emerging technologies, using nanotechnology as a case study. It notes the complexity that arises from interdisciplinary collaboration and the variety in knowledge creation structures across actors, relationships, and policies. 2) Nanotechnology is characterized by its relevance to scientific knowledge, fragmented intellectual property landscape, and variety in firms' patenting and technology development strategies. 3) Different national nanotechnology ecosystems organize around universities or large firms as the main exploratory research actors, and pursue different strategies for exploiting knowledge through patenting. Policy can support both technology exploration and exploitation through various supply-side and demand-side measures.
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Prof. Fabrizio Cesaroni (Associate Professor of Economics and Business, University of Messina): Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies (The case of nanotechnologies)
- 1. Knowledge exploration in emergingtechnologies (The case of nanotechnologies) Fabrizio Cesaroni, Ph.D University of Messina (Italy)
- 2. Background The ASBAR WorldForum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 2 • During the last decades • Scientification of innovation/technology • Emerging new fields at the border between S&T • e.g., biotechnology, nanotechnology • Emerging technologies often characterized by complexity 1. Resulting from the nonlinear, interdependent combination of knowledge originating over long periods of time (Van de Ven et al, 2004) 2. Involve scientific diversity • Through cross-domain collaborations (cross-functional teams and shared practices) (Kellog et al, 2006; Brums, 2013) • University-Industry(-User) collaborations community/institutional diversity
- 3. Background (cont’d) The ASBARWorld Forum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 3 • Knowledge creation as a social process • Networks, clusters, eco-systems, platforms 1. Variety in knowledge creation structures • Actors • Inter-institutional relationships (networks and clusters) • Policy interventions 2. Variety in knowledge exploitation strategies • Knowledge exploration knowledge exploitation • The window of entrepreneurial opportunities affected by the structure of knowledge creation
- 4. A representative case:Nanotechnology The ASBAR World Forum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 4 Main characteristics: • General Purpose Technology (Bresnahan and Trajtenberg, 1995), Enabling Technology (Drexler and Peterson, 1989) • A nanotech industry is still lacking to emerge, but expected growth in nanotech product markets • Huge public and private investments • Relevance of scientific knowledge (strong uni-ind integration) • Nanotech patent gold-rush, fragmented IP landscape
- 5. Nanotubes patents byextension country and by date (1994-2013) The ASBAR World Forum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 5 0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Patentapplications(cumulatednumber) Application year China USA Japan Korea Taiwan Germany France UK
- 6. A representative case:Nanotechnology The ASBAR World Forum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 6 Main characteristics (cont’d): • Large variety in firms’ strategies and industry organization Expected consequence: • Characteristics of firms’ patent portfolios today may determine their exploitation capabilities tomorrow
- 7. Nanotechnology The ASBAR WorldForum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 7 The emerging nanotech landscape: a) variety in firms’ patent portfolio strategies (Cesaroni & Baglieri, 2012) 0 100 200 300 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 Hon Hai Precision Industry 0 50 100 150 200 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 NEC 0 100 200 300 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 Hon Hai Precision Industry 0 50 100 150 200 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 NEC Concentrated nanotech patent portfolio 0 10 20 30 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 Nantero 0 10 20 30 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 Mitsubishi 0 10 20 30 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 Nantero 0 10 20 30 H01L-051/30 H01L-051/05 H01L-029/66 H01L-029/06 H01L-029/02 H01L-021/70 H01L-021/02 H01J-009/02H01J-001/304 H01J-001/30 D01F-009/12 C01B-031/02 C01B-031/00 B82B-003/00 B82B-001/00 Mitsubishi Diversified nanotech patent portfolio
- 8. Nanotechnology The ASBAR WorldForum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 8 b) variety in firms’ technology development strategies (Appio et al., 2016) 0 50 100150 Frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 PR NPR More science-based patents 0 50 100150200 Frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 PR NPR More technology-based patents
- 9. Nanotechnology The ASBAR WorldForum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 9 c) variety in the organization of national ecosystems (Baglieri et al., 2014) Nano Production System Exploitation Strategies Policy Measures University as Anchor Widely dispersed firm-based model Few private capital Public R&D funding Few soft policy instruments Researchers’ and firms’ networks Focus on standard setting and social nanotechnology acceptance
- 10. Implications The ASBAR WorldForum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 10 1. Main actors in exploratory research • Model 1: Universities as anchors • Joint R&D centers with firms (e.g. Hon Hai – Tsinghua experience) • Model 2: Strong interaction among large, incumbent firms
- 11. Implications (cont’d) The ASBARWorld Forum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 11 2. Strategies to exploit the value of nanotech research • Model 1: Upstream patents future IP building blocks • Potential problems in uni-ind technology transfer • Maybe slower diffusion of knowledge • Model 2: Downstream patents close to application domains • Policies to develop technologies for societal needs • Spontaneous interaction among actors wider, easier and faster diffusion of knowledge
- 12. Implications (cont’d) The ASBARWorld Forum - Cesaroni: Knowledge exploration in emerging technologies 12 3. Policy intervention to support technology exploitation • Supply-side policies vs. Demand-side policies • Norms and regulation of IPRs • TTOs and IP intermediaries • Support to public-private partnerships
- 13.