Product Service System Design Master Thesis: A future vision of data-driven healthy food suggestion

EATIN
Find local and healthy food on your way
A FUTURE VISION OF DATA-DRIVEN
HEALTHY FOOD SUGGESTION
A thesis project by
Ying WANG
797130
Academic Tutor
Valentina AURICCHIO
Master Degree in
Product Service System Design
A.Y. 2014-2015

4
ENG
With the growing trends of globalization and population aging, international traveling and after-retirement
traveling are becoming more and more common. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of
new technologies on travelers’ safety and health.
It is often difficult for travelers to understand and choose from a wide variety of local food with unfamiliar
spices and flavors. Moreover, travelers tend to be under high risk of getting food allergies and other food
related problems. This severely prevents travelers’ willingness to explore indigenous cuisines.
I generated two ideas to relieve their concern: providing them with per-selected information based on both
environmental data and their real-time body data; and including suggestions from previous visitors and local
dwellers filtered by specific cultural background to better fit individual’s taste.
The output of this research is a vision called “Eatin”, a data-driven and human-powered food suggestion
service, which supports travelers to make smart choices among the local healthy food. Based on travelers’
health condition, preferences and activities, the service creates a customized food suggestion list and offers
detailed information about certain food such as its ingredients, nutritive properties, and related culture.
Keywords -
Future Vision, Retiree Travelers, Healthy Local Food, Data-driven, Lived Expertise.
ABSTRACT

5
ABSTRACT
ITA
Con la crescente tendenza alla globalizzazione e all’invecchiamento demografico, i viaggi internazionali e
i viaggi dopo la pensione stanno diventando sempre più comuni. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di
analizzare gli effetti delle nuove tecnologie sulla sicurezza e sulla salute dei viaggiatori.
È spesso difficile per i viaggiatori capire e scegliere tra una vasta varietà di prodotti alimentari locali con
spezie e sapori sconosciuti. Inoltre, i viaggiatori tendono ad avere un alto rischio di allergie alimentari e altri
problemi connessi al cibo. Questo limita molto la volontà dei viaggiatori di esplorare cucine locali.
Ho generato due idee per alleviare queste preoccupazioni: fornire ai viaggiatori informazioni pre-selezion-
ate sulla base sia dei dati ambientali che dei loro dati corporali in tempo reale; includere i suggerimenti dei
visitatori precedenti e degli abitanti locali filtrati da una specifica formazione culturale per adattarli meglio al
gusto dell’individuo.
Il risultato di questa ricerca è una visione chiamata “Eatin”, un servizio basato sui dati e gestito da persone
che suggerisca dei cibi, supportando i viaggiatori nel fare scelte intelligenti tra il cibo locale sano. Basandosi
sulle condizioni di salute dei viaggiatori, sulle loro preferenze ed attività, il servizio crea una lista personaliz-
zata di suggerimenti sul cibo e offre informazioni dettagliate sugli alimenti, quali gli ingredienti, le proprietà
nutritive e gli aspetti culturali connessi.
Parole Chiave -
Visione Futura, Viaggiatori in Pensione, Cibi Locali Sani, Basato Sui Dati, Esperienza Vissuta.

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1/ DESIGN FOR 2025
- Trends Outlook
1.1 Design for 2025
1.2 Future Trends Outlook
1.3 Social and Culture Facilitator
1.4 Science and Technology Promoter
1.5 The Future City
1.6 The Future Health Service
2/ ACTIVE ELDER TRAVELERS
- Problem Space
2.1 Brainstorming
2.2 The Pressure of Aging Society
2.3 Two Stories
2.4 Active Retiree Travelers
2.5 From Now to the Future
2.6 Research Questions
INDEX
11 27

7
3/ DATA DRIVEN SUPPORT
- Case Study
3.1 Data Driven Health Service
3.2 Community Based Travel Service
3.3 Service Analysis
4/ TRAVEL AFTER RETIREMENT
- Exploratory Interview
4.1 Interview Plan
4.2 Recruiting and Preparation
4.3 Exploratory Interviews
4.4 Top Findings
43 59

8
5/ EATING BY UNDERSTANDING
- Idea Generation
5.1 Insights from Top Findings
5.2 Design Principles
5.3 Design Scenario
5.4 Three Ideas
5.5 Idea Evaluation and Selection
5.6 Risks of Exotic Food
6/ A TRIP TO MILAN
- A Use Case
6.1 Example: A trip to Milan
6.2 Eat Healthy in Milan
6.3 Bridging the Culture Gap
6.4 System Mock-up
6.5 Interface Mock -up
85 99

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7/ “EAT-IN”
- Service Development
7.1 Service Value Proposition
7.2 User Segment
7.3 Information Flow
7.4 User Journey
7.5 Business Model
7.6 Road-map
113
REFERENCES &
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1 Table of Figures
2 Bibliography - Books
3 Bibliography - Articles
4 Bibliography - Websites
5 Bibliography - Videos
6 Acknowledgments
142

11
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
1DESIGN
FOR 2025
Trends Outlook

12
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
Design for 2025:
Our Cities & Healthy Lifestyle
“By 2025, there will be more than 1.6 billion people aged 60 years and over; by 2025, climate and envi-
ronment change will bring us more unpredictable diseases; by 2025, demographic changes and moves
will significantly increase the pressure of the medical service ... ”
In the next decade, many traditional services will face challenges. On the other hand, we can expect that
social reforms, technology shocks and lifestyle changes will bring us opportunities and fresh experience.
Designers have the duty to satisfy the growing needs.
1.1 Design for 2025
Fig 1.1: Welcome to the future
Source: www.qastme.com

13
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
“The best way to predict the
future is to study the past, or
prognosticate.”
Robert Kiyosaki
1.2.1 From Today’s Decision to Future Scenario
In the next ten years, the following questions will be asked: which new cul-
ture phenomenons are expected to occur, which new technologies would be
widely applied, how will our cities look like, and what can we do to help peo-
ple live with healthy lifestyle? Those are the “Question Zero”s of this research.
The scientific way of predicting the future is from “What do we have here?”.
In order to create a consensus of prediction, we need to define a “language”
– a high degree of physical correlation with the real world.
I am not trying to do predictions of the future here, but rather to make the
“thought starters” to express my vision of the near future. Today’s decision
will impact the future, and the future scenario we set will also affect on the
decisions and actions we are going to make today.

14
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
Fig 1.2: Model of Research Approach

15
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
1.2.2 Research Method
In order to understand the future trends in an appro-
priate way, I need to find some hints from “today”. I
searched the existing speculations and trend analysis
outcomes from the cutting edge companies, one-up
universities, authoritative organizations and pioneer in-
dividuals. While I was watching the videos and reading
the report, I put them into a material-collecting blog
(https://2025healthcare.wordpress.com) and divided
them into different topics.
There were 5 steps to organize research results:
1) Information Hunting
Existing speculation and trends analysis outcomes
from pioneered organizations and individuals.
2) Put Info into Boxes
Making a blog to collect all the materials and divide
them into different topics.
3) Summarize Keywords
Reviewed all the materials and tried to summarize the
keywords from each of them.
4) Regroup Keywords
Organize all the post-its into 5 groups and found the
internal relationship among all the keywords.
5) Trends in 4 Aspects
Summarize the research result and distribute them un-
der 5 titles.
Information
Hunting
Put Info
into Boxes
Summarize
Keywords
Regroup
Keywords
Trends
in 4
Aspects
Fig 1.3: 5 Steps to organize
research results

16
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
In the next 10 years, human beings will face vari-
ous social and culture challenges due to the rap-
id globalization. This would significantly change
people’s perception of the world and their ide-
ology. With the change of the society, our daily
lifestyle would also be drastically different. To de-
fine these differences and catch the main trends,
some articles and video resources are collected.
Here is one example:
“Future Scapes” is a project which looks at what
life might be like in Europe in 2025. Four videos
describes four aspects about a “future” girl’s
life. The videos discussed about four main top-
ics: “Hyper Innovation” shows a new “creative
culture” among people. Lifestyles and business
practices have been minimally affected, but
against the background of diminishing resourc-
es there is growing concern about the long-term
sustainability of this “innovation treadmill” ap-
proach. “Centralized Survival” shows society’s
new values are built on this sustainability, and on
stronger community ties. Stunned into a belated
response by a series of severe climate shocks,
governments have taken tough measures to
combat climate change, pushing technology to
its limits to impose sustainability on the popula-
tion and provide some relief from restrictions on
personal freedom. In the video, some scenarios
are highlighted: for example, citizens will be able
to check the energy usage in the community, and
build community garden together. “Shared Own-
1.3 Social and Culture Facilitator
ership” is about the vision that people changed
their idea from own goods to own the function
temperately. An entirely new perception of own-
ership is expected to be built. There is both a per-
sonal and a business innovation aspect to this fu-
ture. Creative development of new business and
service models is vital and governments have
encouraged this by setting a carbon floor price
-- but this is not a planned economy. “Prosperi-
ty redefined” means that instead of only working
hard and have no time to enjoy oneself, people
in the future will spend more time in the things
they are interested in. After an extended reces-
sion, new priorities of “well-being” and “quality of
life” are bubbling up across the world as more
sustainable forms of living become established.
As a result, I summarized four relevant emerging
Social and Culture Trends:
“We are together”
People are willing to be connected with each oth-
er, and they will even get more chances to move
around and sometime unable to stay with the
people they are familiar with. In next ten years, it
will become more and more common to move to
other regions and countries for working, study-
ing or traveling. The birth of social networking
services, digital devices and smart-phones have
engendered a new behavioral pattern among its
users.

17
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
“I am who I am”
People pay more attention to themselves, and the
life will be more centralized and human based.
Personal Investment is a lifestyle getting satisfac-
tion through focusing and investing on oneself.
People are going to value more their profession
and hobby, enjoy high-quality cultural life. They
usually have high income and live in urban area.
This is related to the change of consuming style
and the spread of individualism. The number of
people who enjoy and value their personal life is
emerging with the growth of personal indepen-
dence, as well as with the evolution of values.
Traditional collectivism inclination has gone and
the personal desire and appetite became more
important
“Mine is yours”
Sharing and cooperating will be the main way
for people to reach their goal. The development
of the on-line network enabled easier access to
massive pool of data. Also this changed the po-
sition of ordinary people from a receiver to a pro-
vider of knowledge and information.
“Am I rich or poor”
The meaning of prosperity will be redefined, more
time will be put into interests and families than
professional work. Consumption-oriented para-
digms are changing. For example, the fact that
consumers are becoming more sensitive to the
taste of food, or more selective when they eat
out reveals that the trend is changing from con-
sumption-oriented to experience-oriented and
sense-oriented. This change not only influenced
food culture but also fitness, hobby, etc.
Fig 1.4: Emerging social and
culture trends

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Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
In the next 10 years, many of today’s emerging
technologies will be widely be used, and their re-
lated service and industry will make our daily life
completely different. The convenience brought
by these technologies can easily exceed our
imagination. I found some videos and reports
which express the ideas of some technologies’
application in the near future.
The video “Watch you day in 2020” is made by
American manufacturer company “Corning”. It
gives an overview about how touch glasses will
be widely used in 2020: photo-voltaic glass, LCD
television glass, architectural display glass, archi-
tectural surface glass, appliance veneer glass,
hand-held display glass, automotive display
glass, automotive design glass, and large format
display glass work together to make a future of
interactive surfaces.
Virgin Media Business has shed some light on
the technology of the future, following an in-
depth study carried out with The Future Labora-
tory into the hyper-connected world that awaits
us in 2025. It features personal avatars and dig-
ital doctors. Smart home devices can monitor
your health information, energy consumption
and can even tell you whether you have enough
milk in the fridge. The world in 2025 will be more
empowering and better connected than ever be-
fore. Whats more, the infrastructure to enable the
1.4 Science and Technology Promoter
rapid transmission of that data will be vital but
invisible.
Two analysts with the IP & Science business of
Thomson Reuters scoured scientific literature
and patent records to identify the biggest and
most impacted research areas. By probing the
innovative work underway in different sectors,
they came up with the following predictions
about what life will be like in 2025. They pre-
dicted that our world will become more digital:
with prevalence of improved semiconductors,
grapheme-carbon nanotube capacitors, cell-free
networks of service antenna and 5G technology,
wireless communications will dominate every-
thing, everywhere.
As a result, we can envision the wide spread of
10 ground-breaking technologies:
Big Data
Big data is a broad term for data sets so large
or complex that traditional data processing ap-
plications are inadequate. Due to the widespread
of Internet and smart-phones, enormous amount
of data has been collected. The data sets are
so large and complex that it becomes difficult to
process using manual database management
tools or traditional data processing applications.
Big data has increased the demand of informa-
tion management specialists in that Software AG,

19
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
Oracle Corporation, IBM, Microsoft, SAP, EMC,
HP and Dell have spent more than $15 billion on
software firms specializing in data management
and analytics.
Cloud
Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe
a variety of computing concepts that involve a
large number of computers connected through
a communication network. For instance, iCloud
enables to store and manage the personal data
of individual apple products in web. Dropbox is
a web-based hard drive that can use in smart
phone, lap-top and other devices. Cloud Com-
puting and storage makes data more durable,
available, scalable and consistent.
Wearable
After the calculator watch, introduced in 1980s,
there are many attempt to create wearable and
ubiquitous device. Wearable devices such as ac-
tivity trackers are a good example of the Internet
of Things, since they are part of the network of
physical objects or “things” embedded with elec-
tronics, software, sensors and connectivity to en-
able objects to exchange data with a manufac-
turer, operator and/or other connected devices,
without requiring human intervention.
Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the intercon-
nection of uniquely identifiable embedded com-
puting-like devices within the existing Internet
infrastructure. Typically, IoT is expected to offer
advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and
services that goes beyond machine-to-machine
communications (M2M) and covers a variety of
protocols, domains, and applications.
Smart Sensor
With the development of sensing technolo-
gy, sensors will not merely detect the light and
sound, they would be able to capture even tiny
bit of motion and change of the object. The sen-
sor related software products and service also
evolve over time. For example, the Dash is ear-
buds with built-in health/wellness pp that pro-
vides instant audio feedback during a workout,
and to integrate with an active lifestyle.
Touch Screen
A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that
the user can control through simple or multi-
touch gestures by touching the screen with a
special stylus/pen and/or one or more fingers. In
the next years, the touch screens are expected
to offer more synthesized feedback. More com-
plicated touching actions can be distinguished
and the corresponding feedbacks also get more
possibilities.
Mobile Internet

20
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
Mobile Internet means the Internet companies
offers portable and mobile Internet sharing,
through providing wireless Internet access and
a variety of mature application. By connecting
all the people in a net whenever and whatever
possible, skills and knowledge are never as a se-
cret anymore. Mobile connectivity is also revolu-
tionizing healthcare, education, public safety and
many other areas of our lives.
Augmented Reality
Virtual reality is a form of technology to create
a computer generated world that gives a belief
to the user to accept it as a real environment.
Fig 1.5: 8 Future Technologies
Augmented reality is similar to virtual reality but
different; it blurred the line between real world
and computer generated image. There are some
leading products in this field: vuzix is an eye-wear
used industry field showing the data image that’s
helpful during the work. And Lego which uses
Augmented Reality to preview the final work to
users.
10 years later, when those technologies deeply
enter into our daily-life, we can expect a very dif-
ferent way to get, store and interact with the data
from our environment around us, the activities we
did, and our bodies.

21
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
provements of the coastal boulevard. The mas-
ter plan is inherently sustainable in terms of its
structure and land utilization. Several approaches
are included in the plan: developing of a range of
public transport options; creating an urban struc-
ture and public realm which encourages walking
and cycling throughout the development, and
building the ‘greening’ of streets and avenues
that will help to mitigate the effects of pollution
emitted from vehicles.
Many urban planners did researches and projects
to explore how to build our future cities to culti-
vate healthy lifestyle. In the last three years, TED
managed City 2.0 Salon talk. It has evolved from
a platform for the best of what is already being
discovered by urban advocates and grassroots
movers and shakers to TEDCity2.0, content that
celebrates a complex picture of the future city–a
place more playful, more safe, more beautiful,
and more healthy for everyone.
Jeff Speck is a city planner and architectural de-
signer who, through writing, lectures, and built
work, advocates internationally for smart growth
and sustainable design. He brings a future vision
called “The walkable city”. We should design for
people instead of for cars which is “a gas- belch-
ing, time-wasting, life-threatening prosthetic de-
vice.” Nowadays, “suburban sprawl” makes peo-
In the next 10 years, how will we stay and move?
That’s not only an issue of prediction, but more
about our expectations for a better future. Here
I selected some projects under planning or con-
struction phase to find some hints of the possible
future.
“The Khazar Islands”, also known as Caspian
Islands, is a planned development of artificial is-
lands 25 km south of Baku, Azerbaijan consist-
ing of 41 islands extending 3,000 hectares over
the Caspian Sea. Different from the cities take
shaped by the historical reason, this new living
space created by designers’ imagination: con-
structing the city to house 1 million residents,
contain 150 schools, 50 hospitals and daycare
centers, numerous parks, shopping malls, cul-
tural centers, university campuses, a Formula 1
quality racetrack, and the Azerbaijan Tower. The
project is scheduled to be completed between
2020 and 2025.
“Baku White City”: In respect of the Decree dated
September 28th, 2006 by His Excellency Ilham
Aliyev, The President of the Azerbaijan Republic,
entitled “Comprehensive Action Plan for Improv-
ing The Ecological Conditions in the Azerbaijan
Republic during 2006 – 2010” steps were un-
dertaken for the removal of industrial uses to the
edge of the city, decontamination of land, and im-
1.5 The Future City

22
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
ple drive more and walk less which make bad effect on their health. The increased rate of obese and
asthma is closely linked with the expanding of the city size. On the contrary, walkable neighborhood
makes life more sustainable and healthy.
Rethink about the car-centered lifestyle and big scale city is happening in different part of the world. The
former parks commissioner for Bogota, Colombia makes a passionate case for reclamation of public
spaces for the increased mobility of all people. Gil Penalosa paints the picture of cities around the world
where walkers, cyclists, and public transportation – not drivers and highways – are at the heart of urban
life.
Expect making the transportation more public, create more public spaces also often be discussed.
Amanda Burden, as New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden
led revitalization of some of the city’s most familiar features — from the High Line to the Brooklyn wa-
terfront. Her talk “How public spaces make cities work” is aimed to share the unexpected challenges of
planning parks people love, and why it’s important. Cities are fundamentally about people, and where
people go and where people meet are at the core of a city. Public space can change how people live in
a city, how people feel about a city, and public space is one of the most important reasons why people
stay in a city.
Fig 1.6: TEDx City 2.0
Resource: plus.google.com

23
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
Here are three new ideas of building “healthy” city:
Scheming City - The city not generated by history but by designing.
Nowadays, a lot of cities are facing difficulties: crisis, pollution, war or lack of development. In recent years, the
government and intentional society start to rebuild and reuse these cities. We can expect, these “new” cities
will bring us fresh living experience in the future.
Walkable City - Low carbon city.
While people start to get tired of sitting in the traffic and suffer more and more from automobile related air
pollution. Designers plan to change people’s lifestyle by restructuring the city.
Public City - The importance of public space.
The city is not merely a place for a lot of private houses, but more as a place to let people meet and living
together. The importance of public space in the city will enhance in the future.
Fig 1.7: The future city

24
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
Health and human services expert Bill Davenhall
gave a Ted-Talk called “Your health depends on
where you live”. The geographical location where
you lived and you are living impacts your health
as much as diet and genes do, but it’s not part of
your medical records. Nowadays, many people
spend their life in a variety of places, the envi-
ronment and lifestyle in those places are impact-
ing on your body continuously. He showed how
overlooked government geo-data (from local
heart-attack rates to toxic dump site info) can
mesh with mobile GPS apps to keep doctors in
the loop.
Talithia Williams, a statistician, makes a com-
pelling case that all of us should be measuring
and recording simple data about our bodies ev-
ery day, because our own data can reveal much
more than even our doctors may know. She gave
several examples to explain how health spastics
help to diagnose and treat disease. By taking this
daily measurements, each one of us will become
the expert on our own bodies. When the ordinary
people and the medical experts come together,
through the daily data, we will be able to make a
better decision than just your doctor alone.
1.6 The Future Health Service
Hitachi Design, an innovation center serving all
of the company’s sector-specific divisions - invit-
ed PDD to look at European trends and industry
expectations regarding the use of digital health
records. Using the insights gained from the re-
search, PDD worked closely with Hitachi to cre-
ate an inspirational short-film. The narrative of
the film was centered on a fictitious family and
their interactions with healthcare practitioners
and providers in the year 2025. Pressure of ag-
ing society and rising chronic disease will force
healthcare providers to focus their efforts on
managing resources, efficiency and privatization
of patients. Continuously monitoring, flexible ac-
cess, data on-the-go, smart medication, health-
ier outcomes.
The health system in 2025: A vision of health and
sustainability in England was written as a contri-
bution to the Strategic Review of Health Inequali-
ties in England Post 2010, commissioned in 2009
by the UK Government, which aims to propose
an evidence-based strategy for reducing health
inequalities. This report described the imagined
experience of some real people living in a medi-
um sized town somewhere in England in 2025:

25
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
Dave ( 45 years old in 2025 ) has heart disease,
he logs on to his e-health passport at the LSH,
and updates information on his blood pressure
and weight, and find the meeting information for
the local healthy man group. After suffered from
sickle- cell anemia for 10 years, in 2025, Dora
become a bit of an expert on managing her ill-
ness, and has been mentoring some other suf-
ferers in the community. All this volunteering has
also helped her boost her income, earning her
points in the local currency. Adnan qualified as
a doctor in 2022. He is very proud to be part of
the set up there – he grew up locally and the Hub
has already been a big part of his life. In 2025,
he is working on manage health e-passports
in the community. Barack was born in 2015. In
2025, his mother Nelisha is very satisfy with the
high fat, salt and sugar foods are not available at
school. She and the school have an agreement
with the local health hub about Barack’s health
goals. Barack’s being taught about his body and
his health in a way that Nelisha wishes she’d had
when she was at school – and quite often it’s her
son who polices what they eat and encourages
her to do something active at the weekends.
All these research based scenarios show the de-
termination of building a data driven health care
network, of educating people to eat healthier
food and to do more personalized excises.

26
Design for 2025
Trends Outlook
In the near future, wherever we go, we could expect to have our personal health
data with us. Here are three visions that may come true:
1 Care Whenever and Wherever
Healthcare would not only mean the special care while you are in the clinics, hos-
pital or other health organization, but a daily care in every minute and every corner
around the world.
2 Customized Care
All the care will be based on the health condition of each person or each family.
Everyone could choose the specific care they want.
3 Data-driven Care
Your health data will go around the world with you, not only record your disease
history and health condition, but also link with other related elements - like daily
habit and geographical position.
Fig 1.8: The future healthcare

27
Active Elder Travelers
Problem Space
2ACTIVE SENIOR
TRAVELERS
Problem Space

28
Problem Space
After I got a general idea about future visions, the
next stage is searching for the specific oppor-
tunities or problems to work on. Before making
a choice, I brainstormed on the upcoming phe-
nomenons which may significantly impact on our
lifestyle in the future. Three “upcoming phenom-
enon”s and three “future persona”s are highlight-
ed here:
Upcoming Phenomenon 1 - MOBILITY
Moving to other regions or countries for work-
ing, studying and traveling will become more and
more common. Attracted by new opportunities
or experience, people start to consider moving
to another city as ordinary statement. At the
age of globalization, for the people who keep
on moving, the local-based healthcare service
could not satisfy their needs any more. The cur-
rent medical history and relevant data is based in
the home city, which is hard to move with peo-
2.1 Brainstorming
ple. What’s worse, when people travel to another
places, they are facing new environment there-
fore their lifestyle changes. Those changes often
cause unpredictable disease. In the future, global
healthcare service would eliminate all these prob-
lems. In the upcoming “high-mobility” society, the
ubiquitous data would make travelers in foreign
country get care just like home.
Upcoming Phenomenon 2 - INDIVIDUAL
As individualism are encouraged more and more,
people tend to live more independently, keep
closer contact with the whole external world.
Whereas we could still feel lonely and unsafe
sometimes. Many young people living by them-
selves are living without a healthy daily routine
and working under pressure. Irregular lifestyles
are harmful to their health condition and may
cause risks of sudden sickness. On the oth-
er hand, more and more elders are living in the
Fig 2.1: Three Upcoming Phenomenon

29
Problem Space
“empty nest”, they lack caring significantly. Fam-
ily based health service can be a digital bridge
to re-establish the connections between family
members starting from sharing heath data.
Upcoming Phenomenon 3 - YOUNG AGING
Young Aging refers to the phenomenon that
some elders get the age of retirement, but do
not want to be considered as the older. They
are looking forward to living actively and keeping
on challenging themselves, which bring poten-
tial risks to their health condition. Some existing
healthcare services are considered as the burden
of life. However, traditional healthcare service are
timeworn; and healthcare related information is
overwhelming and sometimes even misleading.
They may look for personalized services based
on their own hobbies, activities and life routines,
so that they can get more freedom under the
professional guidance.
Future Persona 1 - NEW ELDER
The new elders refer to the group of people who
will reach 60 years old in 2025. They were born in
the 1960s. Compared with the upper generation,
they are more open minded for using high-tech
devices and have stronger ability to use Internet
to share information. They are eager to challenge
themselves and enjoy life without relying on their
children .
Future Persona 2 - NEW IMMIGRANT
They are international staffs, students, or frequent
travelers. Changing environment sometimes
bring them sense of being lost and loneliness.
For fulfilling dream and catching better opportu-
nities, they choose to move continuously instead
of settling down in one city. They are eager to
get stronger language competences and higher
adaptive capacity.
Future Persona 3 - NEW MIDDLE AGED
They were born in the 1980s. They will be in their
40s by the year of 2025. They are very busy with
work and have limited time for face to face com-
munication with their parents, spouse, and chil-
dren. With the experience of working in big cities
or oversea, they get stronger willing to self-invest
for keeping younger mind.
Conclusion:
By narrowing down the focused area, I choose to
work with “the new elder” user group who have
stronger demand on health caring.

30
Problem Space
Fig 2.2: Brainstorming Map

31
Problem Space
By 2025, there will be more than 1.6 billion peo-
ple aged 60 years and over in the whole world.
Under the pressure of big amount of elder popu-
lation, our society will face many new challenges
regarding our exiting social welfare and health-
care systems.
In the next decade, aging society will become a
worldwide issue. The population of developed
countries is aging fast, and the developing world
is only a few decades behind. The proportion of
the population aged 65 and over is expected to
triple in less developed countries over the next
40 years, rising from 5.8 to15 percent of the total
population. While in the more developed coun-
tries this figure is expected to rise from 16 to 26
percent (an increase of more than 60 percent),
the ISSA report says.
Asia and Europe are the two regions where a
significant number of countries face population
aging in the next decade. In these regions, within
twenty years many countries will face a situation
where the largest population cohort will be those
over 65 and average age approach 50 years old.
United Nations Population Division did the scien-
tific prediction of the world population compari-
son by years. The two graphs below shows the
comparison of the population by age between
the numbers in 2015 and the predicted numbers
in 2025. Figure 1 shows that in Europe, compare
with the group of other ages, the population of
2.2 The Pressure of Aging Society
age group from 60 to 80 increases most quickly.
And figure 2 also indicates that the population of
these age increase fast in East Asia.
Recent research indicates that two million people
aged over 65 will lack informal care from adult
relatives by 2030. While global aging represents
a triumph of medical, social, and economic ad-
vances over disease, it also presents tremen-
dous challenges. Population aging strains social
insurance and pension systems, and challenges
existing models of social support. It affects eco-
nomic growth, trade, migration, disease patterns
and prevalence, and fundamental assumptions
about growing older.

32
Problem Space
Fig 2.4: East Asian population by age prediction 2015 vs 2025
Resource: United Nations Population Division
Fig 2.3: Europe Population by age prediction 2015 vs 2025
Resource: United Nations Population Division

33
Problem Space
Lynne & Tim from California
Three years ago, retirees Lynne Martin, 73, and her husband Tim, 68, decided to live a “home-free”
lifestyle in retirement.
They gave away most of their possessions, sold their house in Paso Robles, California, found a new
home for their dog and started traveling the world. Since then, they’ve lived in furnished apartments in
Mexico, Argentina, Turkey, Paris, Italy, Great Britain, Ireland, Morocco, Portugal and Germany.
The Martins, who each travel with a 32-inch suitcase, see themselves as “senior gypsies” who love
this lifestyle because “we wanted to have the luxury of really getting to know the people,” in the coun-
tries they visit, says Lynne, who has written a book about their experiences, Home Sweet Anywhere:
How We Sold Our House, Created a New Life, and Saw the World. She blogs about their travels on
homefree adventures.com.
2.3 Two Stories
When I was researching on the elders’ healthy lifestyle, two stories impressed me. The main characters
of the stories live in two different countries: the United States and China, but they show a similar attitude
towards life after retirement.
Fig 2.5: Lynne and Tim
Resource: www.bloomberg.com

34
Problem Space
Zhang & Yang from Shanghai
Yang and Zhang are an ordinary couple as you can see anywhere in Shangai. Yang is the husband,
65 years old, with many hobbies; Zhang is the wife, 60 years old, smart and calm. They spent their
former half life for hard working; and after getting retired, they picked up their dreams they had when
they were young: travel to Europe, considered as the palace of arts. They cannot speak English, but
they searched information and booked tickets on line all by themselves. And they used gestures and
drawing to communicate. In 2006 finally they successfully complete the “romantic” trip in Europe and
wrote a travel journal named “Dad and Mom’s Trip”.
Now they almost have traveled all over the world. Many Chinese in different ages became their fans
and started their journey by following Zhang and Yang’s suggestions.
Fig 2.6: Zhang and Yang
Resource: www.xinli001.com

35
Problem Space
2.4.1 Growing Retiree Travelers
Lynne and Tim, and Zhang and Yang are not the
only ones who select this kind of travel-based
lifestyle. In these ten years, there are more and
more seniors coming out of their home city and
exploring the world. As millions of baby boom-
ers approach retirement, they will face one of the
most significant and potentially life-altering deci-
sions they’ve ever made – the pursuit of a trav-
el-based retirement lifestyle.
U.S. Travel’s research department’s Domestic
Travel Market Report shows that the average age
of leisure travelers is 47.5 years old. Mature trav-
elers comprise 36 percent of leisure travel volume
(18% are 65+, 18% are 55-64). Nearly two in ten
(19%) are 45-55, 17% are 35-44, 20% are 25-34
and 8% are 18-24 years old. And according to
LMTCLUB.COM 2013 Global Travel Trends Re-
port about global travel trends, 34% 65+ elders
make 1-3 trips per year, 46% of them make 4-7
trips per year, 10% of them make 8-10 trips, and
7% of them make more than 10 trips.
In some countries, this trend is particularly note-
worthy. For example in China, the elders defined
as those above the age of 60, China’s official re-
2.4 Active Retiree Travelers
tirement age, Boston Consulting Group’s April
2012 “From Silver to Gold” report forecasts that
the silver segment will nearly triple from 165 mil-
lion in 2010 to almost 440 million in 2050 (more
than one-third of the total population).
“It is never too late to have a happy childhood.”
Lynne and Tim, and Zhang and Yang set good
examples of being “active elders”. According to
the definition which is given by American Mas-
sage Therapy Association: an active elder is usu-
ally in good physical and emotional health, with
mobility and cognition intact. Although chronic
health conditions may be present, they are likely
to be well-managed by medications and lifestyle
adjustments.
2.4.2 Traveling brings health
How will be an active elder? There might be no
single correct answer. But there are still some
rules for the elders to keep physical and mental
health. 1) Move Naturally and Commonly: Move
not only means sports and exercise, but more
walking and all the daily affairs. Physical activity
can enhance the elders overall physical health.
The effects of physical activity include lowering
blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood
“Age matters only if you’re a cheese.”

36
Problem Space
sugar levels. Being active also ensures the bones
and muscles stay strong. 2) Connect and Com-
municate with Others: Daily communication with
families, friends and strangers would improve
your health. 3) Less Boundary Between Work
and Retire: Change the way of working and re-
tired life, ease the pressure of getting retired. 4)
Eat Wisely: There is no exact healthy food, but
you could choose to eat the food suits your con-
dition. 5) Optimistic and Have Right Outlook.
Travel is good for our health, and contributes to
a longer life and more satisfying retirement. Here
are four ways that travel improves life, especially
for retirees. Traveling can enhance elders’ body
strength. The famous Framingham Heart Study
of women ages 45 to 64 found that women who
vacationed at least twice a year enjoyed a sig-
nificantly lower risk of heart disease than wom-
en who hardly ever took a vacation. A separate
study showed that taking vacations reduced the
risk of death from heart disease in men as well.
2.4.3 Traveling causes Risks
However, travel can pose various risks to health,
depending both on the characteristics of the
traveler and on the type of travel. Traveler may
encounter sudden and significant changes in alti-
tude, humidity, temperature and microbes, which
can result in ill-health. According to World Health
Organization’s report on 2010, there are some
key factors in determining the risks to which a
traveler may be exposed are: mode of transport,
destinations, duration and season of travel, pur-
pose of travel, standards of accommodation and
food hygiene, behavior of the travelers, and un-
derlying health of the traveler.
If the new environment and travel activities can
cause health problems to everybody, the seniors
are facing more challenges. They have a lot of
dreams to be realized, but sometimes the plans
are blocked by their age and health condition.
They are facing different health problems: weak
immunity, chronic disease history or irritable the
physique, etc. Meanwhile, they have the same
desire: be protected and keep healthy during
traveling. They face the challenge of their health
condition; and at the same time, they also face
to the other problems of adapting to different
language, culture, healthcare system, food and
weather. While they are abroad, especially when
they are alone, they would really feel lack of safe-
ness. During traveling, the body directly interacts
with new environment and it gets pressure to
adapt to this change in a short time period. Peo-
ple with advanced age, weaker immunity, less
physical force and chronic disease history will
even take more risks.

37
Problem Space
Fig 2.7: The elder feels sick
“However, my health condition
brings extra concerns.”

38
Problem Space

2.5 From Now to the Future
Fig 2.8: Traveling risks in traveling
BODY
NEW
ENVIRONMENT
RISKS
Disease of aging，
weaker immunity,
less physical force
...
Different weather,
plants, food, life style,
health system
...

39
Problem Space
New technologies and new trends must make future a big difference. My reasonable prediction is: In the
next 10 years, whenever we go, the information of our body condition and the information of the sur-
rounded environment are exchanging all the time. The future service based on this data exchange
will offer travelers better protection and connection, and create unexpected values. My thesis
is aimed to create future scenarios to bring a healthier traveling experience.
Fig 2.9: New technology brings new future
BODY
NEW
ENVIRONMENT
SERVICE
SCENARIO
Go Further
Go Faster
Go Safer
Go Healthier
Information
Device
Information
Device
Discover
to ensure active elders
in their future traveling.

40
Problem Space
2.6 Research Questions
Fig 2.10: Traveling Experience Map
2.6.1 Traveling Experience Map

41
Problem Space
Although each trip is different, there are some
elements that always play important roles in the
journey. Here I created the model of a traveling
experience to support the further analysis. When
travelers come to visit a city, they enter from sub-
urbs, spend time by visiting different spots in and
around the city, and then they leave after the ex-
perience. During this journey, they leave a path
and stop at some key transportation spots like
airport, train station, bus stop, and metro station,
etc. Food and accommodation are the two basic
needs. They choose certain places to eat restau-
rant, bar, supermarket, local-market and conve-
nient store, etc. They normally decide one of two
ways of accommodation as hotel, home-stay,
camping and RV, etc. Culture visiting ( museum,
theatre, architecture, and music, etc.) and nature
visiting ( mountain, sea, park,and caves, etc.) are
the two main types visiting. In addition, health
services also plays an important role to ensure
travelers’ safety. Since we could set a general
model for traveling experience, we will also be
able to prepare service in advance and set touch
points at some key spots in the city to bring retir-
ee travelers better experience.
2.6.2 Research Questions
A Research Question is a statement that iden-
tifies the phenomenon to be studied. The key
question that I plan to solve from this research is:
How can we help senior tourists create
healthy traveling experience and reduce
risks on their way?
I subdivide the main research question into three
aspects:
1) Health and City – How do cities support
the senior tourists?
In the next 10 years, cities will face the challenge
of interacting with more and more seniors. How
to provide them a remarkable experience, safe-
ness feeling, as well as an invisible protection?
2) Health and Family – How do the families
and independent seniors support each oth-
er?
With the trends of urbanization and globalization,
a lot of seniors are willing to or forced to live in
an independent way. How to get full use of the
two generations’ knowledge and life experience
to create a family-based health caring service?
3) Health and Community – How does the
community contributes to retiree travelers’
health?
Create collaborative approach to build sustained
relationships between retiree and the local com-
munity. How to create connections?

42
Problem Space
2.6.3 Research Scope
When I did my research on” health during traveling”, I noticed that it is important to define the scope of
the research: whether my focus is more daily health or disease cures, physical health or mental health,
city based or user based, and in eastern world or in western world. By mapping the research scope, I
use three words to describe the type of “health” I will research on: “Daily Health”, “Disease Preven-
tion” and “Wellbeing”.
CITY BASED USER BASED
Fig 2.11: Research Scope

43
Data Based Support
Case Study
3DATA DRIVEN
SUPPORT
Case Study

44
Data Based Support
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3.1.1 Open-sourced Health Suit
It’s the information age, and more people are
learning how to live healthier lives. Those seek-
ing to improve their diet, lose weight, or just get
into the habit of exercising can find help from two
leaders in the information technology space: Ap-
ple and Microsoft.
3.1 Data Driven Health Service
Apple Health create an entirely new way to use
your health and fitness information. The system
is aimed to give “How are you?” an accurate an-
swer. Heart rate, calories burned, blood sugar,
cholesterol — the apple health and fitness apps
are great at collecting all that data. The new
Health app puts that data in one place, acces-
sible with a tap, giving you a clear and current
overview of health. The users can also create an
emergency card with important health informa-
tion — for example, blood type or allergies. Apple
Health is supports by Apple hardwares, especial-
ly iphone and apple watch.
1) Collaborative Data
There is a new tool for developers called Health-
Kit, which allows all the incredible health and fit-
ness apps to work together, and work harder. It
just might be the beginning of a health revolution.
With HealthKit, developers can make their apps
even more useful by allowing them to access
users’ health data, too. Users can choose what
they want shared. For example, users can allow
the data from your blood pressure app to be au-
tomatically shared with their doctor. Or allow the
nutrition app to tell to fitness apps how many cal-
ories their consume each day. When those health
and fitness apps work together, they become
more powerful.
2) Data with Privacy
Users are in charge of their data. The Health
app lets the user keep all the personal health
Fig 3.1: Logo of Apple Health

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Data Based Support
Case Study
and fitness information in one place on device
and under control. Users can decide what in-
formation is placed in Health and which apps
can access their data through the Health app.
When the phone is locked with a pass-code or
Touch ID, all of the health and fitness data in
the Health app is encrypted. Users can back up
data stored in the Health app to iCloud, where
it is encrypted while in transit and at rest. Apps
that access HealthKit are required to have a
privacy policy, so be sure to review these poli-
cies before providing apps with access to their
health and fitness data.
3) Data for Research
ResearchKit is aimed to taking research out of
the lab and into the real world. It is a software
framework, created specifically for medical re-
search. And it’s open source, so everyone can
collaborate to potentially change medicine for-
ever. Several of the world’s leading medical in-
stitutions are already using ResearchKit to gain
further insight into some of the most serious
diseases, for example, asthma, parkinson’s
disease, diabetes, breast cancer and cardio-
vascular disease.
Microsoft HealthVault is a cloud-based service
that helps the users live healthier by providing
actionable insights based on data gathered from
the fitness devices and apps that we use every
day. Activity-tracking devices like the new Mic-
rosoft Band, smart watches, and mobile phones
plus services like RunKeeper or MyFitnessPal
connect easily to Microsoft Health. Using this fit-
ness data and Intelligence Engine in the cloud,
Microsoft Health provides valuable, personal
insights so users can reach their fitness goals.
They have a powerful vision of what’s possible
when premium device and service partners col-
laborate on an open platform.
Over the past decade, Microsoft HealthVault
has established itself as a trusted place to store
health information and share it with medical pro-
fessionals on a security-enhanced platform.
Fig 3.2: Logo of Microsoft HealthVault

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Case Study
3.1.2 One to One Digital Therapeutics
In the modern society, most of the disease that
people suffer with are “preventable diseases”, as
high sugar, high blood pressure, high blood fats,
and obesity. By changing eating habits and dai-
ly behavior, people can get the chance to stay
away from those disease and get better health
condition.
Omada Health is pioneering a new category
of medicine: “digital therapeutics” which means
delivering behavior medicine at scale to tackle
Fig 3.3: The Microsoft HealthVault Future
Source: www.coolinfographics.com
Fig 3.4: Logo of Omada Health

47
Data Based Support
Case Study
chronic disease and reduce healthcare costs. Change the specific habits that put them at the risk for
serious but prevent disease.
People understand the fact that healthy lifestyle can help them to build strong body. However, they
are lacking of right approach, right support and right tools to change their habits over time. By taking
this opportunity, Omada Health offers professional health coach to give the users one to one support,
which allows users take real-time feedback and make real-time adjustment. In addition, the service also
supples technological product to track their daily performance and interactive health lesson to give the
users knowledge about nutrition and excises.
Omada Health promotes an important service called Prevent, which is a 16-week on-line program that
fits seamlessly into your life, so the users can lose weight and get lower risk of disease without taking
time away from the things you love. It is a on-line program that inspires healthy habits. The program
includes four phases: changing food, increasing activity, preparing for challenges and reinforcing healthy
choices. Step by step, the service helps user to reach their goal of losing weight and reducing risk of
type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and obesity.
Fig 3.5: Omada Helath
Source: omadahealth.com

48
Data Based Support
Case Study
are activity and sleep monitors that track user
movements and activity levels to provide infor-
mation on metrics including step count, calories
burned, distance traveled, and number of hours
of light and deep sleep via iOS and Android ap-
plications.
“Misfit Shine” is one of its popular product. It is
an activity tracker that can be synchronized with
smart phone and can find out how active the
user is. The user can sync with the smart phone
just by placing it on the phone screen. Can be
worn just about anywhere by clip it on the pants,
underwear, shirt or shoes.
In these two years, misfit has expanded its prod-
ucts line. On one hand, the company collaborates
with other fashion companies like Swarovski to
create most beautiful wearable jewelery in the
market. And on the other hand, Misfit launched
its new connected home products including the
color-customized light bulb and sleeping track-
ing belt. Those changes indicate that wearable
device would not only limited to the traditional
ones as smart watch and smart glass. Instead,
wearable services and smart body tracking de-
vices will become more and more various which
fit different users’ requirements and aesthetics.
3.1.3 Wearable Based Lifestyle Tracking
With wearable technology, learning more about
oneself has not only become high-tech but also
real-time. From devices and Apps that help peo-
ple track heart rate and food consumption de-
tails to gadgets that monitor mood and even sur-
rounding air, the “quantified self” is a reality for
the everyday person. It creates chance to learn
someone’s health with his/her own self-tracking
devices and go a step further by using the devic-
es to measure the success of self-improvement
attempts. Here are some new innovations that
are pushing wearable tech into health care, edu-
cation and our broader lives.
Misfit, is a hardware company that designs and
manufactures wearable products that utilize sen-
sor technology. Misfit’s Shine and Flash products
Fig 3.6: Logo of Misfit

49
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Case Study
Fig 3.7: Logo of Jawbone
Jawbone is an American privately held consum-
er technology and wearable products company
headquartered in San Francisco, California. It
develops and sells wearable technology such as
the Jawbone UP2, UP3 and UP4 wristbands and
portable audio devices, including the Jambox
and Big Jambox wireless speakers, the Jawbone
Era and Icon Blue-tooth headsets, and Noise-as-
sassin technology. Jawbone argues that wear-
able products could be at the heart of the con-
nected home, enabling the so-called “Internet of
Things”.
Jawbone UP is a system that takes a holistic
approach to a healthy lifestyle with wristband
to track information and App to manage and
display. Jawbone UP collects all data of user’s
movement include sleeping, and exercising, and
it can checks friend’s moving and eating news-
feed with App. It also adjusts an alarm for the
best sleeping condition. Users can check and
compare his exercising and eating activities with
the target amount.
Different from Misfit’s diverse products strategy,
Jawbone keeps a small number of products. The
company focus on develop high quality on-line
data visualization and reliable customer services.
Jawbone’s success shows a fact: the value of
the shared data can be more significant than the
wearable device itself.

50
Data Based Support
Case Study
Fig 3.8: System Map of Mitfit
Fig 3.9: System Map of Jawbone

51
Data Based Support
Case Study
Community-based tourism is known as a way of
traveling which let people stay close to local in-
digenous communities that allow outsiders to ex-
perience their customs, food, lifestyle, and set of
beliefs. In transitional travel experience, travelers
mainly interact with their companions. Communi-
ty based travel is a type of travel fueled by the lo-
cal people and the other tourists: the locals invite
tourists into their home, show where they shop
for food, introduce tourists to owners of the local
weaving shop, and share other fascinating and
intimate parts of their lives; and the other trav-
elers share their past traveling experience and
meet each other in the on-line platform or off-line
meeting spots. In the last ten years, social media
officially has took over travel. The future belongs
to crowds. Nowadays, the value of ordinary peo-
ple’s experience is becoming more and more sig-
nificant. Here are five popular community based
travel services:
3.2 Community Based Travel Service
3.2.1 Local Resource Activating
Airbnb is an on-line service that provides a plat-
form for individuals referred to as “hosts”, general-
ly private parties, to rent unoccupied living space
and other short-term lodging to guests. Users of
the site must register and create a personal on-
line profile before using the site. Every property
is associated with a host whose profile includes
recommendations by other users, reviews by
previous guests, as well as a response rating and
private messaging system. Within these service,
both providers and consumers can have a win-
win solution. For providers, they can explore the
culture to various people from different countries,
also share the space that might seldom use in
their daily life, and making more connections to-
ward this service. For customers, they are not
only traveling to another place with the most per-
sonal experience and affordable price, also, living
in this kind of place to gain more local knowl-
edge. Perhaps in the same place but different
houses, they will have totally different feelings or
finding different surprises, what a new live ex-
perience for the consumer market. People can
customize their travel schedule/plan and the way
they experiencing not only the place, the activi-
ties, but also the people brought from their local
expert. Moreover, with an affordable price, trav-

52
Data Based Support
Case Study
eler can have a deep understanding of a culture
with different aspects. For instance, if the user is
interest in fashion, he/her can search for some-
one who is the expert in the sector base in Milan,
who offer a tour that lead him/her to most of the
interesting place that are fashion related or fash-
ion iconic. Meanwhile, explaining the cultural sto-
ries for more understanding, considering the true
meaning for tourists to know, to do or to learn.
Piacere, Milano – “Milano, Nice to Meet You”
is a not-for-profit project to make the city more
hospitable and share it with visitors. It is a spe-
cial experimental project running during the 2015
Milano Expo period. All dinner invitations and
neighborhood visits are made on a purely free
and voluntary basis. Any request for payment
shall be considered improper and unethical, as
it breaks the rules regulating the sharing of ac-
tivities on the platform. Local Milanese can regis-
ter as the “host” and show their wiling to accept
travelers to enjoy an dinner hosted by them or
show them around the city. Host require to ex-
plain who they are, what kind of foods they love
to cook, what kind of city places they would like
to have the Guests discover. And last but fore-
most, they can send invitations to the Guests
they would like to meet. And tourists can register
as guests with the basic information as who they
are, where they come from, what are their dietary
preferences, and mark the dates they are likely to
be in Milan. Tourists can either get a home dinner
invitation from the hosts, or for a tour of a city
neighborhood.
Vayable is a community market place for guided
experience focus on travel. The platform is en-
able any locale expert to start a small business
on this platform offering experience (such as food
tours, etc) for the other individual. People can go
on this platform and book their experience easily
pay by credit card, and they can meet the people
off-line and star their amazing time. The average
cost for the service is around 65 dollar per per-
son. Customers perused the site for pre-made
tours created by amateur travel guides around
the world. They could book a private flight over
Berlin, dinner with a Fijian prince or a walking tour
of New York street art. In the traditional market,
travelers have two main ways to get tourism in-
formation: either traveling with the professional
travel agencies and acompanied by the pro-
fessional guides, or find free information from
non-professionals. Vayable offers a new way of
traveling: the tourists still can get “high-quality”
and “ensured” tour, but this “experience” is guid-
ed by the amateurs.

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Fig 3.10: Website of Airbnb
Source: www.airbnb.com
Fig 3.11: Website of Piacere, Milano
Source: www.piaceremilano.it
Fig 3.12: Website of Vayable
Source: www.vayable.com

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Case Study
3.2.2 Lived Experience Sharing
TripAdvisor is an American travel website com-
pany providing reviews of travel-related content.
It was an early adopter of user-generated con-
tent. The website services are free to users, who
provide most of the content, and it is supported
by an advertising business model. The site now
has reviews of hotels, restaurants, and attrac-
tions in more than 45 countries, with contributors
(all unpaid) adding their comments at a rate of
115 per minute. Some 890,000 hotels are list-
ed on the site, and TripAdvisor boasts one of the
largest collections of user-contributed travel pho-
tographs in the world.
On Tripadvisor, the experience can be rated with
five levels: excellent, very good, average, poor
and terrible. And the reviews carry demonstrable
weight. Each review contains the information of
the reviewer, a key sentence to describe the ex-
perience, a short paragraph for the details, and
the photos of this experience. The users can get
to know the quality of a certain visiting point or
service by checking the number of reviews and
average rating score. Furthermore, the order of
reviews is created according to the culture back-
ground of each user. The user can always check
the reviews written in his/her native language.
Besides, the other reviews are also translated
into his/her native language automatically.
Localeur is a curated community of local insid-
ers who want to help the tourists experience lo-
cal in their city and give local recommendations
based on their knowledges. There’s a big differ-
ence between where the tourists go to hang out
and where the locals go. While review sites lack
authenticity and local credibility, and travel guide
books go out of date the moment they’re pub-
lished, Localeur gives tourists a curated look into
what it’s like to be a local. If it’s not local, it’s not
on Localeur. From Localeur, users can read the
recommendation roundups of hand-picked Lo-
caleurs in different cities. These people are not
only locals but also have actually visited the plac-
es that they’re talking about, from the best bars
for happy hour to the best places to get guaca-
mole.
Getting the right reviewers is just as important
as getting the right reviews. Compare with the
other experience sharing and recommendation
platforms like Yelp and Foursquare, Localeur pro-
vides higher quality recommendations by limiting
the information sources.

55
Data Based Support
Case Study
Fig 3.13: Website of Tripadvisor
Source: www.tripadvisor.com/
Fig 3.14: Website of Localeur
Source: www.localeur.com

56
Data Based Support
Case Study
3.3.1 Service Comparison
The value, the information flow and the included
service categories of each type of service have
been summarized.
Open-sourced Health Suit
- Value Proposition:
Using users’ health and fitness information/
collect daily personal health data into scientific
research
- Information Flow:
From health research institutes to ordinary peo-
ple, and from ordinary people to health research
institutes
- Categories:
Body Measurements/ Fitness/ Nutrition/ Sleep/
Medical ID
Personal Digital Therapeutics
Bring expertise next to the users/ Dedicated
health coach provides personal solutions/ Con-
nect the dots between knowing and doing
- Information Flow:
From health experts to ordinary people
- Categories:
Digital Medicine/ Nutrition/ Excise
Wearable Based Lifestyle Tracking
Continuously collecting fitness data and visu-
alizing them to raise users’ awareness of their
health and lifestyle
- Information Flow:
From body to the device
- Categories:
Activity Tracking/ Sleep/ Food
Local Resource Activating
Reusing unoccupied local tangible and intan-
gible resource and transferring the value to the
travelers
- Information Flow:
From the locals to the tourists
3.3 Service Analysis

57
Data Based Support
Case Study
- Categories:
Tour/ Rentals/ Restaurants/ Transportation
Lived Experience Sharing
Highlighting the value of first-hand experience
and creating references based on their experi-
ence
- Information Flow:
From the experienced people to non-experi-
enced ones
- Categories:
Hotels/ Flights/ Vacation/ Rentals/ Restaurants/
Destinations
I make comparison of those five types of services
and tried to define their internal relationship .
Among them, Open-source Health Suit Services
like Apple Health and Microsoft Health take the
role of the “umbrella”. They collect health data
from various devices and applications and send
them to the cloud. And other professional users
and services are allowed to get access to this
data and create other services based on the
data. Personal Digital Therapeutics Services
provide professional guidance to the users who
need to change or improve their lifestyle to a cer-
tain way. And Wearable Based Lifestyle Tracking
Services are more general and more for the dai-
ly usage. Both of those types of the service can
work under the umbrella of Apple Health or Mic-
rosoft Health Vault.
The main difference between the Local Resource
Activating Services and Lived Experience Shar-
ing Services is the former shares knowledge
and time to the travelers; and the latter simply
uploads knowledge on-line but this information
will be used once and once again among the big
user group.
3.3.2 Conclusion
The services I choose for cases study are emerg-
ing services in the area of health/fitness and
travel. From their service systems and business
models, I found the some of how the market will
look like in the next few years. Moreover, even if
the future development of those services is not
practicable, the data created by those services
will stay on the cloud and serve for other ser-
vices.

58
Data Based Support
Case Study
Open-sourced Health Suit
PROFESSIONAL CASUAL
PLATFORM
Wearable Based LifestylePersonal Digital Therapeutics
TIME KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE
Local Resource Activating
Lived Experience Sharing
Fig 3.15: Info-graphic of Data
Driven Health Service
Fig 3.16: Info-graphic of Com-
munity Based Travel Service

59
Travel After Retirement
Exploratory Interview
4TRAVEL AFTER
RETIREMENT

60
It takes five steps to define the interview plan:
1) Identify a design challenge: Understand traveling senior’s worries and hopes regarding the health
issue.
2) Recognize existing knowledge: Future trends and technologies.
3) Identify people to speak with: Asian Middle age and aged travelers. Asians travel to Europe. When
they travel to the new land with very different culture and environment, they are facing a lot of difficulties.
4) Choose research method: On-line Skype interview
5) Develop an interview approach: I plan to speak with more potential users to understand their prob-
lems, concerns and expectation for the future. At the same time, I will also brainstorm and create a
number of future scenarios to test with the potential users.
Through the interview, I expect to find answers to several questions as: What are they worried about?
How do they feel on the journey? How much knowledge do they have? What is their expectation for the
future? Have they ever met any health (physical or mental) problems during their traveling?
Research Question - How do future cities and communities can support travelers’ health in 2025?
Research Aim - Understand Asian “new elderly” travel experience ideas about healthy lifestyle.
Interview Targets - Middle Aged (50 to 60 years old) who love traveling and value the healthy life.
Interview Content - Former traveling experiences, health concepts, and prospects for the future.
Interview Methods - Online interview with a duration of 1 hour
4.1 Interview Plan

61
Fig 4.1: Chinese senior travelers
Resource: curacaochronicle.com

62
4.2 Recruiting and Preparation
Fig 4.2: Interview invitation letter

63
I created the English and Chinese version inter-
view invitation letter to introduce the requirement
and content of this interview.
I prepared some questions to lead the con-
versation:
About Traveling
Do you like traveling? Where have you been?
Have you been to Europe? Which countries/cities
did you visit? (Travel experience/in Europe)
How is your way of traveling? Travel by own, in
group, or with friends/families? (With whom) what
means of transportation do you like? Self-driving
or by public transportation? (By what) do you
prefer long-haul travel or short trips? (How long,
how far way) do you prefer to visit big cities,
towns, or enjoy the wildness experience? (Where
exactly)
X years later, while you get retired and have more
free time, would you like to travel more? Did you
have any plans already? How do you imagine the
journey? (The plan after retirement)
Would you like to meet more local people and
experience the local lifestyle with them? (With the
locals)
About Health
Before departure, what do you prepare to ensure
the health during the journey? Body examine,
health insurance, medicines, equipment, urgent
contacts? (Preparation before departure)
Did travel also bring negative impacts to your
health? Feel too tired, make daily life irregular,
and do not get enough rest or nutrition? (Phys-
ical problems) Did you ever feel stressful, worry
or lonely during the journey? (Mental problems)
If yes, what did you do to adjust? (Solution and
self-adjust)
// When you enter a new country or region, did
you feel hard to adapt to the new environment,
food, weather, air condition, etc.? Did these ele-
ments effect on your health? (Adapt to the new
environment)
Did you ever get the experience of getting sick
or feeling not well when you travel? What was
the cause? How did you handle that problem? Is
there anyone helped you? (Experience of getting
sick and finding support)
About Future
In your imagination, how do the lifestyle and trav-
el pattern in 10 years later different from the cur-
rent condition? (Attitude to future life and travel)
How do you think about the newest wearable de-
vices and smart devices? Would you like to learn
to use them? (Attitude to smart divide)
Many people predict: we would face to the new
era of Big Data in the future which means your
personal health data will be collected in every
second and share to the cloud whenever you
are. How do you think about this prediction? (At-
titude to big data and information sharing)

64
4.3 Explorative Interviews
Fig 4.3: Intervieweeparticipants Information
I completed all the 8 interviews. The interviewees are including travel experts, people who had few
experience in Europe, and people who have never been to Europe.

65
Fig 4.4: Interview participants

66
Interviewee 001 - Travel Expert
He studied in Germany when he was young and he has traveled to Europe many
times.
Attitude to Travel after Retirement
He loves to travel alone, because in this way he can spend time for meditation. He
used to use public transportation since he doesn’t like driving. For him, traveling
is for understanding the unknown culture, language, food and lifestyle. He likes to
stay in a restaurant or a bar, taste the local food, and read a novel there. “Wasting”
some hours is a really good experience for me.” He explained. After retired, he
and his family plan to travel aboard once or twice a year. He wants to travel with
families and plan everything by himself. He consider traveling as a very important
part in life. He doesn’t really like to visit the famous tourism attractions, instead,
he prefer to rent a house or live in local people’s house. In front of the house in the
countryside. He considers it is more interesting to travel in the nature.
Health Problems during Travel
He always starts to feel acclimatized when he arrives a new land above two weeks,
it increases the chance of getting sick. He thinks the weather and environment
play a very important role on our health and they makes health problems some-
times. He feels that he become more and more insensitive to the time difference
while age increased. But on the other hand, when elders start to feel tired, it also
takes much more time to recover. So it is very important to prepare medicines
for common problems like digesting problem and catching a cold. He thinks this
sense of unsafeness occurs when entering a new place without understanding
the local language.
Attitude to the New Health-Related Technology
He doesn’t really like the products like wearable health monitor, because he thinks
it affects the mood too much. It is a bad phenomenon which makes people fell
anxiety. However, his families don’t agree with my idea. He is trying my best to not
go to hospital, but his families prefer to check their health condition regularly. He
guesses different life experience brings you different idea about health. But in the
future, when he is getting older, it must a good thing to get some customized in-
formation depends on my personal condition. Somehow, he would still prefer the
traditional way to get information, like ask the locals directly and get their advices.

67
He is a Japanese professor who just moved to Germany. He has already visited 35
countries. Most of the places he visited were in United States and Europe.
Travel and Living Trends in the Next 10 Years
He guesses the problems and trends of aging society that China will have in
next ten years, just as the situation that Japan is having now. Currently Japanese
government is putting a lot of efforts about caring the old people. Ten years ago,
most of the Japanese people go to the other countries in a group. At that time,
you can see so many Japanese tourists visit the famous European cities by follow
the guide with a little flag in his hand. a stage when people is getting rich. But now
they prefer to travel independently and choose different places with their own in-
terests. They still use travel agency, but only to get a better price of booking tickets
or hotels. In the future, people will become cleverer, they will choose the cheaper
way to enjoy the time in a foreign country.
He thinks information is very important, and the information that we get should be
very concrete but not abstract. Some people are much more sensitive than the
others, so they should be very careful to eat something different. Once he visited
Vietnam with a colleague, they ate the same dishes there. And at that night, he
started to feel different; and till the morning of the next day, he was unable to wake
up. So he stayed in the hotel for the whole day, and for the next day, his friend
called a taxi and sent me to the airport. Finally he got on the Japan airline. And
then he arrived Osaka and I went to a small hospital near my house where he usu-
ally go. The doctor said that he ate something wrong and left me two pills. After
he took them, surprising, he recovered soon. And he asked his friend who went
Vietnam together, if he got any problem. But he is totally fine. He didn’t choose to
go a local hospital or pharmacy in Vietnam, which is mainly because he doesn’t
really feel trust.
Attitude to Future Technology
He believes in the future, there will be smarter translator – you just need to speak
in front of the phone, and then the smart software will translate the sentence in a

68
good way. Anyway, communication is also about predicting. Sometimes even we
could not fully understand the language, if we have the understanding about the
culture, you can guess what they are talking about. The computer doesn’t identify
the individuality. Also for data sharing, we should let people individually decide
how much information they would like to share. If someone decided to share, it is
his/her responsibility if the others use your information. Internet is always the most
important to way to get information. He thinks the wearable computer like apple
watch will become very popular in the future. The human practice is always better
than the computer. There are two kinds of information: the information opens to
the public and the information for limited group of people. And for the second one,
we need a human relationship community.
Interviewee 003 - Traveler with Experience Aboard
He has traveled to Europe once last year, this journey changed some of his think-
ing to life.
Travel Trends in the Next 10 Years
He thinks for 10 years later, traveling abroad must become a very big trend in
China. It was all because of the increase of the economic and we get more in-
come and better welfare system. Even now, there are some elders who are really
open-minded. They sell out their house after they get retired, and then spend
this a mount of money for traveling and nursing home. He said that there is a big
difference between his generation and his parents generational. People like him
choose to travel until we are too old to move around. He thinks the international
traveling market from Chinese travelers is definitely a huge market in the future.
Actually it is a must while a country grow from a developing country to a developed
country. He consider the reason why people travel to another place is we want
to experience other people’s life and understand how they think about the life.
He feels his thinking changed a lot after I traveled to Europe. Now he start to go
everywhere with backpack, because he saw there are so many elders in Europe,
they were with their backpack and sport shoes, riding bicycles in the countryside.
It seems that when they are getting older, actually they become more active, and
pay more attention to their health condition and how they do themselves look like.
While I was in Swiss land, he chatted with a local guy with the similar age. Actually
even my English is not so good, we just chatted with very simple words. He still

69
feel happy. He consider communication is very important, but somehow, most of
people are still lack of these kinds of chances.
He thinks the biggest problem of traveling in Europe is the food. Especially for his
wife, she could not stand for living without Chinese food for the whole week. In
Europe, there are not many international fast food brands like McDonald’s. Actu-
ally the most attractive food for them are McDonald’s and Burger King. The typical
European dishes are really not tasty sometimes. So they were trying our best to
search for Chinese restaurants after the first week. Of course, it always happen
that sometimes you feel too tired on the trip. But actually, he feels he become
healthier on the trip than stay at home. Traveling is also a kind of body exercise.
The elders are always pay a lot of attention to their health. So he believes that
health related wearable devices will be widely used in the future. The elders can
clearly feel the changes of their health condition day by day. It is meaningful to
understand some physiological Indexes as blood pressure and lipid. But there is
also a contradiction, if you know too much about the real-time health data, it is
also bring you unnecessary worries. So it is very important that the device should
be both precise and not too much sensitive. However, he still believes more about
his own feeling and judgment more than what the device tells him. Big Data is a
trend for the future. But it depends on if it is be abused. If you travel to another
place, and the people there already know your information and health condition
before you say anything, it will make you a little embarrassed. But if the service
could offer different choices which is really depends on your condition, then it will
be great. If his information is sharing with his families, he will feel 100% safe.
He has been to Europe several times, especially he is quite familiar with Germany
with business reasons. He can speak English and German, so language is not a
problem for him.
Travel Experience in EU and Travel Trends in the Next 10 Years
He finds the Europeans have a very different concept about traveling compare

70
to Chinese. Since they could have more vacations each year, normally they stay
in one single point and live there to enjoy some days. But for Chinese, consider
the price of the flight tickets and the long flying distance, normally we wish to visit
more places in a certain period. For most of people in China, they would only
have once or twice chances to visit Europe. He doesn’t agree with the service
from the Chinese Traveling Agencies: trip of 5 countries in ten days, because in
this way travelers almost have no understanding about that land. The reason of
this difference is there is a gap between Europe and China regarding to the three
main topics of education, healthcare and pension. If you want to travel in another
country by bike or walking as a backpacker, you face to more safety and health
risks. Since a lot of Chinese still lack of the basic understanding, knowledge and
capabilities to travel alone in a foreign country, they really need some young peo-
ple to develop some projects to guide them. After retired, he would still travel
alone if I go to Europe. But for other countries like Japan, maybe he need some
support with the language. He had a lot of experience to live with the locals, and
he really enjoyed.
When he was young, he traveled in Europe in many countries, he didn’t feel any
problem to adapt to different food and environment. But when he was getting
older, the thing changed. In 2012, in stayed 6 weeks in Germany. He spent 4 or
5 days to adapt to the time difference, but it only takes 1 or 2 days while he was
young. Besides this, he also didn’t feel well because he ate almost the same food
everyday: bread, butter and cheese. So if possible, it is better to choose the room
with kitchen or living in the guest house. In this way, we can bring some ingredi-
ents, buy food from Asian store and cook by ourselves. For the elders, travel by
train is much healthier than by plane.
He thinks whether share the data is good or not is mainly depended on the type
of the data. Traveling is about sharing, so it is important to share the information
and experience on the way with families and the others.
Interviewee 005 - Traveler with Experience Aboard
She loves traveling but has not been to Europe yet. She traveled to the United

71
States last year and spent 20 days there.
Many of her colleagues went travel to south Asia or Japan by following the group.
They could only see the tourism points, but very hard to experience the local life.
She chose the different. She stayed in 5 families in different cities while she trav-
eled to the U.S. By living with the locals, she understood a lot about their culture
and the way of living from all the details. When I travel with the group, the agency
booked the buffet for them. And when she eat with a group of Chinese, everybody
is keeping the Chinese culture there. She have a dream that travel slower and live
in locals’ place for a long period after she gets retired. She would also like to live in
the strangers’ house and try to get into the local life. Her English is not that good,
so she may meet a bit problem if she stay with the ones who could not speak
Chinese. However, she still would not reject to have a try. The presupposition of
a good after-retirement life is the health body. If she is healthy, the first thing she
wants to do is traveling around. But if the body condition is not good enough,
all these dreams would not come true. Her next destination will be Europe. She
thinks the biggest change in the next ten years is people go abroad more and
more frequently. In the past, it was always her relatives visited us in China, but
now she have the chance to visit them. In the future, going abroad must become
easier. On the other hand, now Chinese people start to get the understanding
that travel is not only for viewing the scenery, but more for searching the typical
food or finding out something fits your own interest point. In the future, there must
be more and more people to travel independently.
She thinks the most important preparation is bringing some common medicines
to deal with the condition that we may not get used to the local food there. And
secondly, we should also check the temperature and weather, and bring the ap-
propriate clothes depend on this. When she went to US, she went together with
my mother and my husband. They did not feel a lot, but she felt very hard to adapt
to the food there. And she felt very tired on the way, and extremely hard to adapt
to the time difference. She has a friend, when he was traveling to Vietnam, he got
injured while he was swimming. Without knowing the local language, he called
the taxi and went to the hospital by himself.

72
Through the age grows, she will care more about my health. Currently in China,
it is still a bit complicated to go to the hospital, and not many people have their
private doctor. So if she could afford, she would like to buy and use the smart de-
vice for my health. One of my relative in US, she is 96 years old. She could get the
family doctor service, and the doctor prepare all the daily pills for her. And she also
has a lot of devices at home to do self-examine. With the economic development,
people increased their awareness for their health and increase their requirements
of the life quality. For increasing the life quality, traveling is one of the best way. In
China, there is the big issue of population which is hard to be solved in a short
period. So I think by using the smart devices, Chinese people could also get the
chance to own personal health caring service. But she is a bit worried if it is too
hard to let all the people get the customized health service by sharing their per-
sonal data. She thinks only when the people have some special disease that they
don’t want to let the others know, there will be a privacy issue. Otherwise, for the
common health problems, it is not a matter to share the information.
Interviewee 006 - Traveler without Experience Aboard
He likes traveling. He has been to some cities in China. He hasn’t been to Europe
yet. He’d love to travel with families, probably with his wife.
He may choose to go with the group guided by the travel agency. He prefer to
choose public transportation that he could relax more on the journey. With the
time and financial limitation, he could not choose to make the journey to long, one
week or ten days is perfect for him. Definitely he wants to travel more when I get
retired. Europe is the first choice. With the language problem and lack of under-
standing with the local condition, he still feel a little worry if I travel alone. He would
like to get contact with other friends and their families to go together, then they
could take care of each other on the way. He imagines to visit some tourism cities,
or special space where shows different view compare with China. he wishes to try
more kinds of typical snacks which famous for that country.
He understands his health condition by his own feeling. He would choose to go

73
for a trip only while he feel well. He will bring some common used drugs to prevent
catching a cold, diarrhea, and control blood pressure. The temperature difference,
motion sickness by plan and bus, a bit headache are really common problems.
In this condition, he will choose to not go out and have a day rest in the hotel till I
recover. In most of the cases, they would not lead to big problems.
He is not really sensitive to the new technology. But still he wants to learn to use
them if the device with an affordable price. It is also depend on how he consider
his health condition. If he has concern about his health these days, he would defi-
nitely want to use them to ensure his health.
Interviewee 007 - Traveler without Experience Aboard
She had traveled to many placed in China, like Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hainan. But
since she is really busy with my work, she still didn’t get the chance to travel to
Europe. She puts it on schedule.
She wishes to go with my families, and if possible she also could like to go with
a group from the travel agency. She guesses in this way, she needs not to worry
too much about my English. She loves small cities with beautiful nature scenery
much more than the big cities. She thinks the best choice is spending 2 weeks
and travel to 2 or 3 countries. It is a must to understand the local people’s life. She
would prefer to go with some young people, for example her son could do some
translation for me.
It is very important to taste the local food and experience the local culture. So she
would not think too much before she tries the food that she never tasted before.
She considers the two significant elements for health are good nature environ-
ment and happiness. She believes in ten years later, in China, the condition of air
pollution and food quality must be improved. The air and food quality are as the
two key elements which affect our health.

74
She would like to try the new products of wearable devices. Maybe she is not the
earliest user, but when the products fully developed, she will try them. She could
accept the trend of big data. She thinks it is an issue of integrity. In the future, if we
fully understand and believe each other in the society, then the sharing of informa-
tion would benefit for our health and life.
Interviewee 008 - Traveler Expert and Medical Professional
She works as doctor in a public hospital. She is also a travel expert. She traveled
more than 20 countries even she is only 25. She talked about her idea about
healthcare both from her professional background and from her traveling experi-
ence with her mother.
Different Ideas about Traveling by the Two Generations
Her mother did a lot of traveling, but in most of the case, it was because she
pushed her. In case she feels tired on the journey, her mother will stay in the hotel
and watch dramas. It is her way of recovery, whatever I say, she won’t go out.
Some years ago, when I stay in Chengdu (a city in west China), I invited my moth-
er to travel to my region. She stayed there for one month, but actually half of the
time she stayed in the hotel and did not want to go out since she felt tired. She
thinks for our parents’ generation. Wherever they go, they still have a thinking that
their home is the best place in the world. Because she love travel as lot, so she
always require her parent to travel with her. Otherwise, they would not think about
traveling by themselves.
Once her mother went to Singapore with her colleagues, her boss suddenly felt
his nose was uncomfortable. And he went to the hospital, and they said it was
cause by the air pressure on the plane. On the second day, he decided to book
a flight ticket to back to China. If her parents are willing to travel abroad by them-
selves, she would not worry too much. In their age, they get the economic foun-
dation and they are able to arrange their money by themselves. So they can ask
the guidance service or book any kind of service they want. In a lot of cases, by
paying the service fee, problems solves smoothly. And from our traveling experi-
ence, language problem is not difficult to solve. Chinese are smart, in the urgent
condition, we could always find a way to communicate.

75
Chinese’s Concept to Health and Current Health Service
She feels that Chinese people go to the hospital to often. Some of them even
don’t have any problem, but they tend to meet the doctor to ensure their health.
Actually a lot of tiny problems could be solved if you do a bit more sports, but
they prefer to take the medicine. She believes that one day, the software and the
hardware will work together to create a new vision of healthcare. In this case, a
lot of health problem could be solved by diet control, sports and education, and
doctors just need to focus on the serious disease. She is looking forward to this,
but it also takes a bit time. It is because Chinese believe in the doctor too much.
And also she found that, the elders are a little scared by the machines. That is also
a phenomenon need to be discussed. They feel safe if they could talk to you face
to face. In our hospital, there are so many self-service machines, but most of the
elders would never use them. But I guess this will be changed in the future, since
ten years later, the elders are another generation compare with today. There are
still a lot of Chinese believe Chinese Medicine. But actually, they are only believe in
the elder Chinese doctor. In the field of Chinese Medicine, experience is very im-
portant. Normally the elder doctors are leading, and young ones are following and
learning. Chinese Medicine is from Taoism, so it connected with Witchcraft. Differ-
ent people have different opinion about the Chinese Medicine: some of them think
it works, and some of them think it helps a little. It depends on the individuals. She
believes sports is the key element for keeping health. She regularly goes swim-
ming. There are many elder doctors go with her. They are in their 60s or 70s, but
still look healthy. But for her parents and their friends, they believe healthy is from
the food. They prefer to eat the food with different functions to adjust their health
condition. Just like the old Chinese saying “Hunger breeds discontentment”. This
thinking guided Chinese through the whole history, so she believes that we will still
keep this idea for the years after.

76
I got many interest insights by comparing differ-
ent participants ideas. Travel experience chang-
es people’s idea about the way they want to trav-
el. Even the participants who just went aboard
once, they got different attitude compare with the
participants who only travel inside their country.
First of all, in general, the ones who got a lot of
travel experiences prefer to travel alone or only
with families. However, the ones who have not
been aboard prefer to make their first trip aboard
with the travel agency.
Secondly, the experience travelers get more con-
cern about their health since they understand
it is a hard situation to be sick aboard. But the
non-experience travelers have limited idea of the
appropriate preparation before the trip and they
almost never consider get uncomfortable or sick
as a situation they would meet.
4.4 Top Findings
Thirdly, for all the travelers who had interaction
with the locals , they are looking forward to get-
ting more chance to get deeper interact with
them in order to have more understanding about
the country.
Last but not least, children play an important role
in their travel plan. Many of them get the idea to
travel aboard with their children’s persuading.
Chinese started to care their health more and
more. Most of them are expecting to use new
products to understand their bodies. They have
a bit worrying data safety, but they still consider
it is benefit for they health which is a trend in the
future. Besides, Chinese really consider food is
the key effect on their health. They have a lot of
concern to find the right food on the way.
I summarized 8 Top Findings of the interviews:

77
#1
The coming up huge market
With the development of economics and the improvement of the social welfare system, a segment of
middle class Chinese elders will retire with higher personal income which let them own very different
mindset to their retirement life compared to the previous generations. Inspired by the mass media and
their families or friends, many of them consider traveling as an important way to enhance the quality of
life. They are more than willing to splurge and visit places in Europe to fulfill their lifelong dreams.
“A healthy lifestyle means I need to go travel at least 1 or 2 times a year. I believe that the retirement is
just a start of another kind of amazing life.” - Interviewee 003
“In the past, going abroad was more for rich people, but now almost everybody gets the chance.” - In-
terviewee 005
“People increased the awareness to their health and life quality. For increasing the life quality, traveling
is one of the best way.” - Interviewee 005
“I know I am getting older, so I decided to use the ‘space’ to exchange the ‘time’, which means travel a
lot while I am in good health condition.” - Interviewee 001
Fig 4.5: The coming up huge market
Source: mybesttraveltips.com

Product Service System Design Master Thesis: A future vision of data-driven healthy food suggestion

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