This document discusses approaches to product design and modification, including techniques like value engineering, quality function deployment, and concurrent engineering. It covers elements of product design such as research and development, modular design, and computer-aided design. The document also addresses issues in product design like legal, ethical, and environmental concerns. Sources of product ideas can come from internal research or external sources like customers and competitors. Strategies for modifying existing products include researching customer needs, making minor changes to increase profitability, and using brand extension.

1. Product ideas and
modification

2. Approaches to product design
• Product break down
• Systems Engineering
• Value Engineering
• Value Engineering
• Value Analysis
• Function Analysis
• Quality Function Deployment

3. Elements in Product Design
• Research and Development
• Reverse Engineering
• Manufacturability
• Standardisation
• Modular Design
• Robust Design
• Concurrent Engineering
• Computer Aided Design
• Life Cycle of a product

4. Issues in product design
• Legal, Ethical and Environmental Issues
• Legal- Product Liability, Intellectual property
• Ethical- Impact of product on customer, protection of intellectual
property, privacy, regulation on testing, sustainable technology
• Environmental- Global warming, ozone layer, tropical deforestation,
waste, pollution, resource conservation.

5. Sources of product
• Internal sources
• Research and development; people involved in manufacturing
process; sales people; people involved in management
• External Sources
• Secondary sources; competitors; customers; resellers; foreign
markets;

6. Techniques of product development
• Standardisation
• Simplification
• Specialisation
• Diversification

7. Modifying existing products
• To make customers loyal to the product
• To increase product profit and its growth base by making changes in
the product life cycle by changing looks, fuctionality, features etc
• Economical for the firm
• Make appropriate use of time- less time consuming
• Maintain benefits and brand loyalty
• Optimum utilisation of resources
• Increase market share of the company

8. Strategies of modification
• Research and development
• Accessing customer needs
• Brand extension