The document discusses processes and how they are described in English. It provides examples of sequence markers like first, then, finally that are used to indicate the steps. It also gives examples of prepositions like after, before, during that are used as sequence connectors. Then it describes the process of how a metal film resistor is built, noting that a ceramic core is crafted, a metal oxide track is made, copper leads are inserted using a press machine, and it is finally painted to complete the product.

1. Processes
A process is how something happens, e.g., the rain cycle

2. … or how something is made, e.g., how paper is made

3. In English, to describe a process we usually use the PRESENT SIMPLE
of the PASSIVE VOICE and words that express the steps in the process
called SEQUENCE MARKERS.
Formation of the PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE:
Verb to be in the Present Simple + Past Participle of a verb
Examples:
The symbol for an AND gate is shaped like the letter ‘D’.
If you choose soldering or wire-wrapping for greater permanence, first, the
components and wires are fastened to some structure.

4. Time sequence markers
Ordering sequence markers:
First(ly), first of all, second(ly), Third(ly), next, then, finally, last, subsequently
Example:
First, a carbon track is wrapped around a ceramic core.
Prepositions of time as sequence connectors:
After, before, during (the process), at (this stage) , when, until, as soon as,
since, eventually, earlier, soon, later.
Example:
After the carbon track is wound around the ceramic core by a machine or
etched into the core with a laser device, two copper metal leads are inserted
in the ends of the resistor.

5. Metal Film Resistors
How a metal film resistor is built: the core of a metal film resistor is crafted
from ceramic. After the track is made from a metal oxide material, copper
leads are inserted into the ends of the resistor using a press machine. This
has semi-conductive properties, similar to carbon. Finally, these resistors are
also painted to finish the product.

6. Remember:
Regular Verbs: Simple Past and Past Participle end in –ED
clean – cleaned – cleaned
Irregular Verbs:
a) no change: hit – hit – hit
b) two forms: tell – told – told
c) three forms: break – broke – broken
Note:
check the list of irregular verbs at:
http://www.englishpage.com/irregular verbs/irregularverbs.html