This document provides an overview of business process modeling. It defines a process as a repeatable set of activities that produces a consistent output or service. There are three types of processes: management, organizational, and supporting. The document discusses why organizations model processes, such as to improve communication, problem solving, and efficiency. It also describes techniques for business process modeling like the Unified Modeling Language and the Business Process Modeling Notation. Finally, it outlines common modeling elements like activities, events, gateways, and connections.
Facebook has launched a new location-based service called Places that allows users to check-in to locations and see where their friends have checked in. Users can check-in to share their location, see who is nearby for potential meetups, and discover new places. When checking in, the user's activity will appear on the specific place page and in their profile feed. Users can also tag friends who are with them at a location. Places has privacy controls and only approved partners like Foursquare and Yelp can publish information to place pages. Questions remain about how Places may impact loyalty programs and whether it could compete with other location-based services.
This whitepaper discusses the existing software-based paging
virtualization solutions and their associated performance overheads. It
then introduces AMD-V™ Rapid Virtualization Indexing technology –
referred to as nested paging within this publication - highlights its
advantages and demonstrates the performance uplift that may be seen
with nested paging.
Rainmaker is a revenue generation company that offers on-demand SaaS applications and expert marketing, sales, and customer service execution through a pay-for-performance model. It helps companies acquire new customers, maximize revenue from existing customers, and convert website visitors into leads, sales, and renewals. Rainmaker operates globally with offices in Silicon Valley, Austin, London, Montreal, and Manila.
El documento presenta varios libros y temas relacionados con vampiros, sugiriendo tanto los atractivos como los riesgos de la inmortalidad que ofrecen a los vampiros ficticios.
This document discusses challenges in analyzing transcriptome data from non-model organisms. It begins by outlining the problems with lamprey, a distant vertebrate, including its large and complex genome with significant genomic variation. It then introduces the concept of digital normalization as a computational method for coping with massive transcriptome datasets by normalizing coverage and removing redundant reads. The document applies this method to analyze lamprey and ascidian transcriptomes. It finds that digital normalization enables assembly and analysis that would otherwise be impossible due to limitations of computational resources. The document advocates for open sharing of genomic and transcriptomic data to help characterize understudied lineages.
TIME OF THE SIXTH SUN currently in production is a film about the shift in global awareness and the expansion of consciousness as we move beyond the much prophesized date of 2012.
Our Ancestors understood our symbiotic relationship to the Earth and the Elements and foresaw the collapsing of an unsustainable world. This is a story about collectively co-creating a new sustainable world for our children and their children. A new Earth. Our legacy.
"Marketing Growth Stack" presentation by Alex Rascanu at the Marketers Unbound meetup in Toronto on April 16, 2015. More about Alex: http://www.alexrascanu.com
Facebook has launched a new location-based service called Places that allows users to check-in to locations and see where their friends have checked in. Users can check-in to share their location, see who is nearby for potential meetups, and discover new places. When checking in, the user's activity will appear on the specific place page and in their profile feed. Users can also tag friends who are with them at a location. Places has privacy controls and only approved partners like Foursquare and Yelp can publish information to place pages. Questions remain about how Places may impact loyalty programs and whether it could compete with other location-based services.
This whitepaper discusses the existing software-based paging
virtualization solutions and their associated performance overheads. It
then introduces AMD-V™ Rapid Virtualization Indexing technology –
referred to as nested paging within this publication - highlights its
advantages and demonstrates the performance uplift that may be seen
with nested paging.
Rainmaker is a revenue generation company that offers on-demand SaaS applications and expert marketing, sales, and customer service execution through a pay-for-performance model. It helps companies acquire new customers, maximize revenue from existing customers, and convert website visitors into leads, sales, and renewals. Rainmaker operates globally with offices in Silicon Valley, Austin, London, Montreal, and Manila.
El documento presenta varios libros y temas relacionados con vampiros, sugiriendo tanto los atractivos como los riesgos de la inmortalidad que ofrecen a los vampiros ficticios.
This document discusses challenges in analyzing transcriptome data from non-model organisms. It begins by outlining the problems with lamprey, a distant vertebrate, including its large and complex genome with significant genomic variation. It then introduces the concept of digital normalization as a computational method for coping with massive transcriptome datasets by normalizing coverage and removing redundant reads. The document applies this method to analyze lamprey and ascidian transcriptomes. It finds that digital normalization enables assembly and analysis that would otherwise be impossible due to limitations of computational resources. The document advocates for open sharing of genomic and transcriptomic data to help characterize understudied lineages.
TIME OF THE SIXTH SUN currently in production is a film about the shift in global awareness and the expansion of consciousness as we move beyond the much prophesized date of 2012.
Our Ancestors understood our symbiotic relationship to the Earth and the Elements and foresaw the collapsing of an unsustainable world. This is a story about collectively co-creating a new sustainable world for our children and their children. A new Earth. Our legacy.
"Marketing Growth Stack" presentation by Alex Rascanu at the Marketers Unbound meetup in Toronto on April 16, 2015. More about Alex: http://www.alexrascanu.com
This is an informative presentation on avoiding the common legal and personnel pitfalls that are related to wage/hour issues. Prevention and correction are the goals of this presentation.
Avery Dennison is a global leader in labeling and packaging solutions. The document discusses Avery Dennison's workforce planning and recruitment processes. It defines workforce planning as analyzing future staffing needs and how to meet them. Avery Dennison uses job descriptions and specifications in workforce planning. Recruitment sources include employee referrals, databases, agencies and websites. The recruitment process involves tests, interviews and reference checks without discrimination.
The Power of Section 1031 for Accounting ProfessionalsEdmund_Wheeler
The document discusses Section 1031 like-kind exchanges, which allow taxpayers to defer capital gains taxes when selling business or investment property and replacing it with similar property. Key points include:
1) Section 1031 exchanges allow taxpayers to defer capital gains taxes by exchanging eligible investment or business use properties for other like-kind properties through a qualified intermediary.
2) There are strict rules regarding identification of replacement properties within 45 days and completion of the acquisition within 180 days to qualify for tax deferral.
3) Common misconceptions are that exchanges must involve other property owners or close simultaneously, but Section 1031 allows for deferred exchanges through qualified intermediaries.
Este documento presenta 47 preguntas de opción múltiple sobre conceptos básicos de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, incluyendo la identificación de matrices como la de coeficientes, incógnitas, términos independientes y ampliada. También cubre conceptos como sistemas homogéneos vs no homogéneos, rango de matrices, equivalencia de sistemas, y tipos de soluciones como única, infinita y trivial.
This document discusses ways to incentivize scientists to share their data through self-interest. It describes two existing models where data sharing is successful: oceanographic research consortia that require data sharing, and biomedical research projects that organize data generation and sharing through a common platform. The document proposes a distributed graph database and computing platform that would allow researchers to query diverse public and private datasets, providing immediate returns for data sharing. By making others' data useful to analyze and mine, researchers would be competitively disadvantaged not to share their own data. The goal is to enable open sharing by addressing current problems and remaining agile for future needs.
Transformatie door innovatie IGC AmsterdamPiet van Vugt
This document provides information on various topics related to technology and innovation. It includes a biography of Piet van Vugt, CEO of Pink Elephant, as well as information on Nikolai Kondratieff and his theory of long economic cycles. Emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science are discussed. The document also references app platforms, big data, the Internet of Things, and strategies for agile innovation and transformation.
How to download Microsoft Security Essentials?jessecadelina
The document provides step-by-step instructions for downloading and installing the free Microsoft Security Essentials antivirus software. It directs the user to go to the Microsoft Security Essentials website, click download, select their language and operating system, save and run the file, and complete a brief validation process to finish installation.
The critical role of the manager in supporting learning at work through coach...Acas Comms
1. Southern Coaching introduced coaching in 2004/05 and made it a core part of its "Cycle of Success" HR strategy in 2006 to improve employee engagement, customer satisfaction and profits.
2. Southern achieved its best performance through coaching including improved reliability, customer service, staff turnover and engagement. Coaching helped staff and managers adapt to changes and increased innovation.
3. Interviews with Southern staff showed coaching positively changed their lives both personally and professionally by helping them realize their capabilities and improve leadership and listening skills.
The document discusses the state of the internet in Brazil in November 2009. It provides statistics showing that Brazil has the largest internet population in Latin America with over 30 million home and work users who spend on average 26.7 hours online per month. While the US used to dominate the global online audience, regions like Asia Pacific have surpassed it, and emerging markets are adopting broadband access, skipping dial-up. The Brazilian internet audience skews young, with 65% under 35 years old. Social networking, particularly Orkut, is very popular in Brazil, which has high engagement levels across several categories compared to other countries.
El resumen describe y compara la citología testicular en perros adultos y geriátricos mediante aspiración con aguja fina. Se estudiaron 10 perros adultos de 2-6 años y 10 perros geriátricos de más de 8 años sin patologías testiculares aparentes. En ambos grupos se observaron células redondas, multinucleación y núcleos bien teñidos. Los perros adultos mostraron mayor número de células germinales, espermatozoides y células totales, mientras que los perros ger
This presentation will summarize current organizing rules, the changes that will occur if EFCA is passed, and steps that employers should consider now in light of the proposed legislation.
The partnership of Kegler Brown, the Ohio Small Business Development Centers at Columbus State Community College (Ohio SBDC) and the Ohio Development Services Agency, presented "Export Compliance: Keeping you Safe, Solvent + Out of Trouble!" as a panel discussion on October 29, 2015. This free, morning briefing hosted a panel of local industry professionals that shared their insights and best practices for exporting.
Roberta Winch, international program director at the Ohio SBDC introduced the speakers and opened the program and Martijn Steger, leader of the global business team at Kegler Brown, moderated the panel. Speakers included: Vinita Bahri-Mehra, global business attorney at Kegler Brown; Sara Chianese, ocean export coordinator at Team Worldwide; Vickie Lanich, president at Export Compliance Connections, LLC; Heather Schmidt, associate, global trade sales officer at J.P. Morgan Commercial Bank.
The document discusses when a company should use business process management (BPM) tools. It introduces the "Agility Matrix" which plots business processes based on how unique and how stable they are. The matrix is used to determine whether a process should be standardized with packaged software, customized with BPM tools, or left as internal code. Overall the document argues that BPM tools are best for automating agile processes that require continuous improvement and leverage existing assets while supporting differentiation.
This document discusses business processes and process management. It defines a process as a series of actions designed to achieve an end, and notes that processes take inputs and convert them into outputs. Process management involves planning, monitoring, and improving processes to meet customer needs profitably. Systems models can help understand processes, which managers must effectively oversee at all levels of an organization to integrate its activities.
This is an informative presentation on avoiding the common legal and personnel pitfalls that are related to wage/hour issues. Prevention and correction are the goals of this presentation.
Avery Dennison is a global leader in labeling and packaging solutions. The document discusses Avery Dennison's workforce planning and recruitment processes. It defines workforce planning as analyzing future staffing needs and how to meet them. Avery Dennison uses job descriptions and specifications in workforce planning. Recruitment sources include employee referrals, databases, agencies and websites. The recruitment process involves tests, interviews and reference checks without discrimination.
The Power of Section 1031 for Accounting ProfessionalsEdmund_Wheeler
The document discusses Section 1031 like-kind exchanges, which allow taxpayers to defer capital gains taxes when selling business or investment property and replacing it with similar property. Key points include:
1) Section 1031 exchanges allow taxpayers to defer capital gains taxes by exchanging eligible investment or business use properties for other like-kind properties through a qualified intermediary.
2) There are strict rules regarding identification of replacement properties within 45 days and completion of the acquisition within 180 days to qualify for tax deferral.
3) Common misconceptions are that exchanges must involve other property owners or close simultaneously, but Section 1031 allows for deferred exchanges through qualified intermediaries.
Este documento presenta 47 preguntas de opción múltiple sobre conceptos básicos de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, incluyendo la identificación de matrices como la de coeficientes, incógnitas, términos independientes y ampliada. También cubre conceptos como sistemas homogéneos vs no homogéneos, rango de matrices, equivalencia de sistemas, y tipos de soluciones como única, infinita y trivial.
This document discusses ways to incentivize scientists to share their data through self-interest. It describes two existing models where data sharing is successful: oceanographic research consortia that require data sharing, and biomedical research projects that organize data generation and sharing through a common platform. The document proposes a distributed graph database and computing platform that would allow researchers to query diverse public and private datasets, providing immediate returns for data sharing. By making others' data useful to analyze and mine, researchers would be competitively disadvantaged not to share their own data. The goal is to enable open sharing by addressing current problems and remaining agile for future needs.
Transformatie door innovatie IGC AmsterdamPiet van Vugt
This document provides information on various topics related to technology and innovation. It includes a biography of Piet van Vugt, CEO of Pink Elephant, as well as information on Nikolai Kondratieff and his theory of long economic cycles. Emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science are discussed. The document also references app platforms, big data, the Internet of Things, and strategies for agile innovation and transformation.
How to download Microsoft Security Essentials?jessecadelina
The document provides step-by-step instructions for downloading and installing the free Microsoft Security Essentials antivirus software. It directs the user to go to the Microsoft Security Essentials website, click download, select their language and operating system, save and run the file, and complete a brief validation process to finish installation.
The critical role of the manager in supporting learning at work through coach...Acas Comms
1. Southern Coaching introduced coaching in 2004/05 and made it a core part of its "Cycle of Success" HR strategy in 2006 to improve employee engagement, customer satisfaction and profits.
2. Southern achieved its best performance through coaching including improved reliability, customer service, staff turnover and engagement. Coaching helped staff and managers adapt to changes and increased innovation.
3. Interviews with Southern staff showed coaching positively changed their lives both personally and professionally by helping them realize their capabilities and improve leadership and listening skills.
The document discusses the state of the internet in Brazil in November 2009. It provides statistics showing that Brazil has the largest internet population in Latin America with over 30 million home and work users who spend on average 26.7 hours online per month. While the US used to dominate the global online audience, regions like Asia Pacific have surpassed it, and emerging markets are adopting broadband access, skipping dial-up. The Brazilian internet audience skews young, with 65% under 35 years old. Social networking, particularly Orkut, is very popular in Brazil, which has high engagement levels across several categories compared to other countries.
El resumen describe y compara la citología testicular en perros adultos y geriátricos mediante aspiración con aguja fina. Se estudiaron 10 perros adultos de 2-6 años y 10 perros geriátricos de más de 8 años sin patologías testiculares aparentes. En ambos grupos se observaron células redondas, multinucleación y núcleos bien teñidos. Los perros adultos mostraron mayor número de células germinales, espermatozoides y células totales, mientras que los perros ger
This presentation will summarize current organizing rules, the changes that will occur if EFCA is passed, and steps that employers should consider now in light of the proposed legislation.
The partnership of Kegler Brown, the Ohio Small Business Development Centers at Columbus State Community College (Ohio SBDC) and the Ohio Development Services Agency, presented "Export Compliance: Keeping you Safe, Solvent + Out of Trouble!" as a panel discussion on October 29, 2015. This free, morning briefing hosted a panel of local industry professionals that shared their insights and best practices for exporting.
Roberta Winch, international program director at the Ohio SBDC introduced the speakers and opened the program and Martijn Steger, leader of the global business team at Kegler Brown, moderated the panel. Speakers included: Vinita Bahri-Mehra, global business attorney at Kegler Brown; Sara Chianese, ocean export coordinator at Team Worldwide; Vickie Lanich, president at Export Compliance Connections, LLC; Heather Schmidt, associate, global trade sales officer at J.P. Morgan Commercial Bank.
The document discusses when a company should use business process management (BPM) tools. It introduces the "Agility Matrix" which plots business processes based on how unique and how stable they are. The matrix is used to determine whether a process should be standardized with packaged software, customized with BPM tools, or left as internal code. Overall the document argues that BPM tools are best for automating agile processes that require continuous improvement and leverage existing assets while supporting differentiation.
This document discusses business processes and process management. It defines a process as a series of actions designed to achieve an end, and notes that processes take inputs and convert them into outputs. Process management involves planning, monitoring, and improving processes to meet customer needs profitably. Systems models can help understand processes, which managers must effectively oversee at all levels of an organization to integrate its activities.
Fundamentals of business process management and BPMNGregor Polančič
The document provides an overview of fundamentals of business process management and BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation). It discusses key concepts including what a business process is, the business process lifecycle, and an introduction to BPMN for process modeling. The document covers the BPMN specification including elements for process and collaboration modeling, the BPMN meta-model and diagram interchange for exchanging BPMN diagrams.
Business process modeling is important for understanding and developing business domains. There are several purposes for business process modeling including organizational design, process documentation, information systems design, and continuous improvement. The document discusses the history of business process modeling approaches including business process reengineering in the 1990s and modern business process management. It provides an overview of process modeling concepts, notations like BPMN, and relevant tools and standards.
The document discusses BPMI standards for business process management, specifically BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation). BPMN provides a standard graphical notation for modeling business processes and allows business users and technical developers to communicate processes visually. The core elements of BPMN include events, activities, gateways, pools/lanes to depict the flow of processes. Diagrams created with BPMN can then be mapped to execution languages like BPML. Examples are provided of how to model events, activities, gateways, loops and participant roles using pools and lanes in BPMN.
The document discusses BPMI standards for business process management, including BPMN for modeling business processes. BPMN consists of a single diagram type called a Business Process Diagram (BPD) that can be used to visually model processes, activities, events, gateways, and pools/swimlanes. The core elements of BPMN allow for simple modeling of business flows and processes that are understandable by both business and technical users. Pools and lanes can further break down processes by roles, locations, and other attributes.
The document discusses BPMI standards for business process management, including BPMN for modeling business processes. BPMN consists of a single diagram type called a Business Process Diagram (BPD) that can be used to visually model processes, activities, events, gateways, and pools/lanes. The core elements of BPMN allow users to easily develop simple process diagrams that show the flow of activities from start to finish.
Business processmodels aa_knowledgemanagementplatform-riga-20151026IIBA_Latvia_Chapter
This document discusses business process modeling and knowledge management. It begins with an introduction of the speaker and an overview of business process management (BPM) and how modeling can improve processes. Key aspects of business process modeling are then covered, including the value of modeling, standards like BPMN, and principles for effective modeling. The document also introduces Cameo Business Modeler software and demonstrates how it can be used to create various business architecture models, analyze processes, collaborate in teams, and publish reports. Effective modeling techniques are discussed, such as using appropriate abstraction and defining multiple levels of detail. Finally, an overview is provided of the Learn PAd project for e-learning related to business process modeling.
Modeling and Simulation in Business Process ManagementDenis Gagné
1) The document discusses using modeling and simulation in business process management to provide value during business transformations.
2) It explores how simulation could be used for communication, training, analysis, and validation and gives examples of visual, scenario, and numeric simulations.
3) The document outlines some best practices for business process modeling simulations including aligning the simulation and business goals and using the right expertise.
The Three Essential Process Layers - New York Business Process Professionals ...Samuel Chin, PMP, CSM
You already know the basic structure of process work. But do you fully understand the three layers you'll uncover in every process project, and how they're all related?
This deck is about the three essential layers of process work: technological, business process, and value chain. We will define these three levels and discuss the relationship between them, diving deeper than ever to equip you with the tools you need to deliver great results every time.
The document provides an overview of process identification in business process modeling. It discusses the context of process identification, defining a process architecture, and selecting processes. The key outputs are a process architecture that captures an organization's processes and their relationships, and prioritized processes for improvement. Process identification aims to systematically define an organization's business processes and establish criteria for selecting processes.
This presentation provides a high-level overview of BPM and where it is today.
It also touches on some of the core technologies and standards.
Its focus is on the four specific “Challenges” facing BPM and they are aligned to the four phases of the typical application development life cycle.
1. Discovery
2. Design
3. Development
4. Deployment
Business Process Management Tools & Framework. By ex-DeloitteAurelien Domont, MBA
Document Downloadable at www.slidebooks.com | Download and Reuse Now Business Process Management Tools & Framework in Powerpoint | Created By ex-Deloitte Consultants.
Think You Don't Need to Diagram Your Business Processes? Think Again.Everteam
It’s not a simple task to diagram a business process, but the benefits far outweigh the potential challenges involved. The key is to put together the right group of people who understand the process best and can explain it clearly. When documenting a business process, don’t have it led by a technical analyst. You don’t want to design your processes around technology; you want the technology to work with your process.
Contingent Workflow Modelling for a Didactic Approach to Project Management i...David Luigi FUSCHI Ph.D.
This thesis is motivated by the steep increase in grass-root content production and the transformation of Web2.0 consumers into “prosumers”, a concept that pre-dated the web itself (Toffler 1980). The notion of “prosumers” in the Web 2.0 and beyond presumes an increasingly wider-scale ability for content creation with a much deeper understanding of the implications and associated risks (at all levels from quality to IPR and copyright aspects). Technology today offers the possibility to easily master complex processes such as video/image editing with a home computer or a laptop yet this is not sufficient for managing all the decision points involved in an informed fashion. The widespread availability of office-automation solutions powerful enough to handle fairly complex processes of monitoring and management, raises the research question as to the feasibility of providing a didactic model and support tools that could better serve the increased desire of web users to become content producers.
This document summarizes a three-part course on business process modeling and enterprise content management. Day 1 covers why and how to model business processes using the BPMN language. Day 2 focuses on the lifecycle of electronic information and content management systems. Day 3 is a survey of process modeling and content management tools with case study presentations.
1. A presentation on process and business process modeling…
… “If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough.”
Albert Einstein
Michael A. Evens – Creative Consulting
michael_evens@unforgettable.com
August 2015 – Updated
2. WHAT? …what is a process and what it’s not
WHY? …why we define, design and model
HOW? …process modeling techniques
EXAMPLES …seeing helps in understanding
METHODOLOGIES …Six Sigma, CMMI, ISO, etc.
CONCLUSIONS …repeatable and successful
PROCESS: elementary
PRESENTATION TOPICS:
3. WIKIPEDIA (2013) says…
Process… WHAT?
Miscellaneous Definitions
…“a process, business process or business
method is a collection of related, structured
activities or tasks that produce a specific
service or product (serve a particular goal) for
a particular customer or customers.
4. RUMMLER & BRACHE (1995) says…
Process… WHAT?
Miscellaneous Definitions
…“a definition clearly encompasses a focus on
the organization’s external customers, when
stating that… a business process is a series of
steps designed to produce a product or service.
5. DAVENPORT (1993) defines a process as…
Process… WHAT?
Miscellaneous Definitions
… ”a structured, measured set of activities
designed to produce a specific output for a
particular customer or market.
6. JOHANSSON et al. (1993) says…
Process… WHAT?
Miscellaneous Definitions
… “a process is a set of linked activities that
take an input and transform it to create an
output.”
7. WE, CREATIVE CONSULTING (2013) say…
Process… WHAT?
Miscellaneous Definitions
…in the context of this presentation, we will
expand on this definition to include…
“a repeatable set of activities documented to
achieve a consistent result, output, product, or
service …preferably successful.”
8. There are three basic types of processes:
1. Management Processes
2. Organizational Processes
3. Support Processes (or Sub-Processes)
NOTE: Exceptions exist to these basic
categorizations, but for the purpose of this
presentation we are keeping definitions simple.
Process… WHAT?
3 Types of Processes
9. 1. MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Process… WHAT?
3 Types of Processes
…a Management Process is a process of
planning, controlling, organizing and leading
execution of any type of activity, such as a
project (e.g. project management process),
other process or group of processes.
10. 2. ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES
Process… WHAT?
3 Types of Processes
…Operational Processes are those that
encapsulate the core of the business and
create the primary value stream. Examples
include budgeting, purchasing, manufacturing,
advertising, marketing, and sales.
11. 3. SUPPORTING PROCESS (or SUB-PROCESS)
Process… WHAT?
3 Types of Processes
…a Supporting process supports the core
processes. Examples may include technical
support, accounting, call center, and
recruitment.
12. Process… WHAT?
Components and Characteristics
Processes have many components and
characteristics outside of what we have listed,
but notice the word “must” in each of the
items described.
A process would not be a process without the
following musts:
13. INPUT / OUTPUT
Process… WHAT?
Components and Characteristics
…a process must have clearly defined
boundaries, input and output. Similar to
following the recipe for baking a cake, if you
follow a defined process, over-and-over, you
will achieve a constant result.
15. ACTIVITIES (or STEPS)
Process… WHAT?
Components and Characteristics
…a process must consist of activities that are
ordered according to their position in time and
space. If the steps in the process or recipe are
skipped or repeated, the process will fail to
provide the desired result. If you neglect to
cook the cake, it won’t become cake.
16. DECISIONS
Process… WHAT?
Components and Characteristics
… there are points in many processes that
require a judgment or decision to be made.
Using the cake recipe analogy, when the time
comes where most cakes have achieved the
desired degree of doneness… there is a test. A
yes or no decision must be made. Bake the
cake longer or take it out of the oven.
18. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING
Process… WHY?
Why define processes or do modeling?
Processes don’t need to be modeled.
However…
…there are many benefits in knowing what a
process model is, what it can do for you and
how it can benefit your organization.
19. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING
Process… WHY?
Its beginnings were in capital/profit-led
business, but the methodology is applicable to
any organized activity.
That is …any BUSINESS …any ORGANIZATION
…any ORGANIZED ACTIVITY.
20. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING
Process… WHY?
…Business Processes Modeling is designed and
developed to add value for the customer and
should not include unnecessary activities.
21. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING
Process… WHY?
…the outcome of a well designed business
process is increased effectiveness (value for the
customer) and increased efficiency (less costs
for the company).
22. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING also helps with
Process… WHY?
• Communication and Comprehension
• Understanding / Visual Depiction
• Accountability
• Reliability
• Problem Solving
• Breaking Downs Barriers
23. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING also helps with
Process… WHY?
• Circumventing Departmental Autonomy
• Avoiding Waste
• Operational Ambiguity
• Effectiveness…Satisfaction
• Efficiency…Cost Reduction…Productivity
• Process Improvement
24. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING also helps with
Process… WHY?
• Quality / Consistency / Compliance
• Reporting of Performance
• Transparency
• Aligning Operations with Strategy
• Control
• Competitive Advantage
25. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING & NOTATION
Process… HOW?
There are many kinds of tools and techniques
available to help in defining a business process
or Business Process Model (BPM), such as
computer software applications.
But, the basics can also be achieved by using a
pen and paper or a bunch of sticky notes.
26. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING & NOTATION
Process… HOW?
In some cases, pen, paper and sticky notes are
more effective ways of creating and
communicating fundamental ideas than
computers.
Computers can get in the way and can exclude
people. Defining process requires people.
27. UML and BPMN
Process… HOW?
Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
…Unified Markup Language (UML) provides a
plethora of behavioral models which are useful
in modeling and it has become a familiar and
useful tool to many in all areas of business.
28. UML and BPMN
Process… HOW?
Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
…Recently, process modeling vendors joined
together to create a new Business Process
Management Notation (BPMN) administered
by the Object Management Group.
29. UML and BPMN
Process… HOW?
Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
…today, most methodologies – like the BPM
vendors – use the BPMN notations.
30. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
Understanding MODELING ELEMENTS for
business owners, users and developers,
simplifies the understanding of business,
business flow and process…
31. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
Models consist of simple diagrams constructed
from a limited set of graphical elements for
consistency in communication…
The following will describe some of the most
common elements:
32. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
ACTIVITIES (or Steps)
An activity is work that is performed within a
business process and is represented by a
rounded rectangle.
Get MY
Information
Change MY
Information
33. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
EVENTS
An event is something that happens during the
course of a business process which affects the
sequence or timing of activities of a process.
Start Intermediate End
34. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GATEWAYS
Gateways are used to control how sequence
flows converge and diverge within a process.
Gateways can represent decisions, where one
or more paths are disallowed, or they can
represent concurrent forks.
35. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GATEWAYS
Inclusive / Exclusive:
An Inclusive Gateway (Inclusive Decision) can
be used to create alternative but also parallel
paths within a Process flow. Unlike the
Exclusive Gateway, all conditions are
evaluated…
Inclusive Exclusive
36. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GATEWAYS
Parallel:
…used to synchronize (or combine) parallel
flows and to create parallel flows without
checking any conditions.
Parallel
37. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GATEWAYS
Complex:
…used to model complex synchronization
behavior (i.e. incoming and outgoing flows
vary).
Complex
38. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GATEWAYS
Event Based / Exclusive Event Based:
…a branching point in the Process where the
alternative paths that follow the gateway are
based on events that occur.
Event Based Exclusive
Event Based
39. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GATEWAYS
Parallel Event Based:
…will wait for an (one or more) incoming event
before triggering the flow through its outgoing
paths.
Parallel Event
40. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GATEWAYS
Exclusive Event:
An Exclusive Gateway (Decision) is used to
create alternative paths within a Process flow.
Only one of the paths can be taken, this means
the gateway is exclusive…
Exclusive Event
41. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
CONNECTIONS
Connections (connecting objects) are used to
represent different types of flows. This paper
defines four objects:
1. Sequence Flow
2. Message Flow
3. Association
4. Data Association
42. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
CONNECTIONS
Sequence Flow:
A sequence flow is used to show the order in
which activities are performed within a
process. A sequence flow is represented by a
line with an arrowhead.
Sequence Flow
43. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
CONNECTIONS
Message Flow:
A message flow is used to show the flow of
messages between two entities, where pools
are used to represent entities. A message flow
is represented by a dashed line with a light-
colored circle at the source and an arrowhead
at the target.
Message Flow
44. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
CONNECTIONS
Association:
An association is used to associate information
and artifacts with flow objects. An association
is represented by a dashed line which may or
may not have an arrowhead at the target end
if there is a reason to show directionality.
Association
45. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
CONNECTIONS
Data Association:
A Data Association is used to show the flow of
information (data) between activities in a
business process. A data association is
represented by a dashed line which may or
may not have a line arrowhead at the target
end if there is a reason to show directionality.
Data Association
46. SWIMLANE
Process… HOW?
Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
…A swimlane (or swim lane) is a visual element
used in process flow diagrams that visually
distinguishes responsibilities for sub-processes
of a business process.
Swimlanes may be arranged either horizontally
or vertically.
48. SWIMLANE
Process… HOW?
Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
…
Represents major participants in a process,
typically separating different organizations. A
pool contains one or more lanes (like a real
swimming pool).
49. SWIMLANE
Process… HOW?
Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
…
Used to organize and categorize activities
within a pool according to function or role, and
depicted as a rectangle stretching the width or
height of the pool.
51. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
DATA OBJECT:
A data object does not have a direct affect on a
process but does provide information relevant
to the process. It is represented in many ways
as shown below:
Card Stored Data Document Etc…
ARTIFACTS
52. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
GROUP:
A group is an informal means for grouping
elements of a process. It is represented as a
rectangle with a dashed line border.
ARTIFACTS
Pool ………………………………………...
Lane 1……. Lane 2….. Lane 3….. Lane 4…… Lane 5... Lane 6…….
53. Process… HOW?
Modeling Elements (Notation)
ANNOTATIONS:
An annotation is a mechanism to provide
additional information to the audience of a
BPMN diagram.
ARTIFACTS
It is typically represented by
an open rectangle containing
the annotation text.
54. BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING
…process modeling is a focus on the business
logic of the process (how work is done),
instead of taking a product perspective (what
is done).
Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
55. Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
1. Define the Boundaries (start and end points
or scope)
What begins the process?
How does the process end?
DEFINE BASELINE (‘As Is’)
56. Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
2. Define the Goals
What is the main objective?
What is desired outcome of the process
(customer need and customer need
fulfillment)?
DEFINE BASELINE (‘As Is’)
57. Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
3. Define the Roles
How do they (people/roles) complete their
activities and what is the order of those activities?
What activities are performed and who performs
them?
People (roles) are essential to process modeling.
DEFINE BASELINE (‘As Is’)
58. Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
4. Define what is Exchanged?
What is exchanged between (in and out) the
activities.
DEFINE BASELINE (‘As Is’)
59. Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
The first draft will involve positioning and
repositioning of events (activities).
This may be a good time to use the sticky notes
we mentioned earlier. If you're working with a
group of people, everyone needs to be able to
see it.
POSITION ACTIVITIES
60. Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
Once you have established an agreed sequence
of activities, you can create in a visual flow
using a more sophisticated tool, such as a
generic software application… for example,
Microsoft’s Visio. Or, you may choose a
specialized software package … for example,
Enterprise Architect.
GENERATE FLOWCHART (‘As Is’)
61. Process… HOW?
Creating a Model
You may want to check your model with the
users by doing a ‘live observation’ of the
process in action. People in meetings invariably
forget the exact steps or say what should be
happening, rather than what really happens.
…a live observation of the process would be a
great validation or… ‘REALITY CHECK.’
VALIDATE PROCESS
63. Process… EXAMPLES
Sequence Numbering with Narratives
VISIO EXAMPLE:
The narratives below describe the activity for the sequence numbers on the
previous graphic.
1. Developers use “ORACLE Designer” to generate the Data Definition
Language (DDL) files.
2. Developers populate the DBCHGS$D directory with DDL files. These files
are *.VEW, *.TAB, *.CON, *.IND, etc. These files can next be inserted directly
into their respective TDD directories because they don’t require additional
processing at this stage.
3. Developers also populate the REFDATA$D directory with DDL files. These
files are *.SQL files that will require processing before they can be inserted
into their respective directories in the TDD library.
64. Process… EXAMPLES
Swimlanes with Annotations
VISIO EXAMPLE:
Stakeholder / AnalystQA / TesterRelease ManagerDeveloper
RTC
Team Lead
creates a Work
Item (WI) and
assigns to
Developer
RTC
Developer
changes WI state
to
IN PROGRESS
Developer
modifies
artifact(s) under
SCM
RTC
Developer
checks -in files –
Automatically
associates files
with WI
RTC
Unit
Test
Developer
changes state to
IMPLEMENTED
RTC
Done – -----------
Ready to Deploy
RTCTeam Lead creates
“Deployment
Request”
RTC
Review
Build
Deploy
Release Manager
changes status to
QA READY
RTC
Test
Changes
“Deployment
Request” to
VALIDATED
RTC
Change status of
“Deployment
Request” to
APPROVED
RTC
Release Manager
deploys changes to
PRODUCTION
Changes
“Deployment
Request” to
CLOSED
RTC
Deploy
Release Manager
changes state to
PROD READY
RTC
Unit Test or
Code Review
……… Manual Processes …....
Business
Partners
(SR Development)
IR&C Staff
Team Lead
………………….……………………… SCM Process ………………………………………….……..
Work
Request
1. Service Request
2. Incident
3. Problem
4. Change
5. Configuration
6. Service Levels
Documentation
Specifications
Requirements
END-TO-END PROCESS – High Level
65. Process… EXAMPLES
Swimlanes with Annotations
VISIO EXAMPLE:
Team Lead
RTC RTC
RTCTeam Lead initiates
WORK ITEM and
assigns to Developer
66. In defining a successful process, it would seem
only logical to follow a successful process
modeling methodology.
The following are selected methodologies
based on their popularity, success, adaptability
and other valuable attributes:
Process… METHODOLOGIES
67. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA
Six Sigma is all about improving efficiencies and
reducing costs of existing products. Many companies
like General Electric, Honeywell, Raytheon and IBM
have realized billions of dollars in cost savings, and
process and quality improvement.
68. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA
The Six Sigma process is a standardized problem
solving methodology that can be incorporated into
any business. This turn-key five step process is used
universally around the world. Benefits of Six Sigma
initiatives are realized within a matter of four to six
months and directly hit the bottom line.
69. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA - DFSS
Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is a business process that
is incorporated into a company’s existing product
development process. It takes products from concept
to commercialization using data-driven decision
making processes, delivering high quality, consistent,
capable, defect-free products by focusing on critical
design and process parameters based on the
customer and market needs.
70. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA - DFSS
The Basic Process: Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
1. Developing the Business Case
2. Formulating the Technical Requirements
3. Designing and Developing.
4. Verifying and Validating
5. Manufacturing and Commercializing
6. Controlling and Sustaining
71. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA - DMAIC
The DMAIC process of Six Sigma is a proven successful
model used in many industrial sectors.
DMAIC is used for projects aimed at improving an
existing business process.
The DMAIC project methodology has five (and
sometimes six) phases …
72. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA - DMAIC
1. DEFINE - Define the system
2. MEASURE - Measure and collect key data
3. ANALYZE - Analyze the data
4. IMPROVE - Improve or optimize process
5. CONTROL - Control the ‘future state’
6. …Sometimes, a RECOGNIZE step… recognize the
right problem to work on, thus yielding an RDMAIC
methodology.
73. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA – DMADV
DMADV is used for projects aimed at creating new
product or process designs.
The DMADV project methodology features five
phases:
74. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (DFSS, DMAIC, and DMADV)
SIX SIGMA – DMADV
1. DEFINE - Define design goals
2. MEASURE - Measure and identify
3. ANALYZE - Analyze, develop and design
4. DESIGN - Design an improved
5. VERIFY - Verify the design
75. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (SIPOC / COPIS)
SIX SIGMA – SIPOC
SIPOC (sometimes COPIS) is a tool that summarizes
the inputs and outputs of one or more processes in
table form.
The idea behind the SIPOC methodology is to view
each process as a different organization in itself. Each
process therefore has its own suppliers, inputs,
process, outputs and corresponding customers… thus
the acronym SIPOC
76. Process… METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma (SIPOC / COPIS)
SIX SIGMA – SIPOC
The SIPOC provided an effective methodology to get
an in detail look at the process.
1. BOUNDRIES - Boundaries must be explicitly stated.
2. SUB-PROCESSES - Sub-processes must be defined
3. PROCESS OWNER - One person must be
accountable
4. OUTPUTS - Outputs must be verifiable deliverables
5. CUSTOMER – Customers must consume outputs and
provide feedback.
77. Process… METHODOLOGY
Capability Maturity Model (CMMI)
CMMI (CARNEGIE MELLON)
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) was
developed by a group of experts from industry,
government, and the Software Engineering Institute
(SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University.
CMMI models provide guidance for developing or
improving processes that meet the business goals of
an organization.
78. Process… METHODOLOGY
Capability Maturity Model (CMMI)
CMMI (CARNEGIE MELLON)
CMMI originated in software engineering but has
been highly generalized over the years to embrace
other areas of interest, such as the development of
hardware products and the acquisition of products
and services.
CMMI models provide guidance for developing or
improving processes that meet the business goals of
an organization.
79. Process… METHODOLOGY
Capability Maturity Model (CMMI)
CMMI (CARNEGIE MELLON)
CMMI for Development
Repeatable - Maturity Level 2
Defined - Maturity Level 3
Quantitatively Managed - Maturity Level 4
Optimizing - Maturity Level 5
82. Process… METHODOLOGY
Capability Maturity Model (CMMI)
CMMI (SCAMPI)
NOTE: The Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for
Process Improvement is an appraisal method that
meets all of the ARC (Appraisal Requirements for
CMMI). Results of an SCAMPI appraisal may be
published on the CMMI Web site: Published SCAMPI
Appraisal Results.
SCAMPI also supports the conduct of ISO/IEC 15504,
also known as SPICE (Software Process Improvement
and Capability Determination).
83. CREATIVE CONSULTING et al. (2013):
Process… CONCLUSION
Different methodologies are better for some
organizations and less effective when used for other
organized activities or organizations.
Given the ferocious rate of change in business,
business processes and business process approaches,
leading methodologies will continue to change in the
time ahead.
84. CREATIVE CONSULTING et al. (2013):
Process… CONCLUSION
There are analysis, redesign approaches and
methodologies designed to help business managers,
others designed for people improving quality control,
and others designed to help business analysts or
software developers, yet all these are developed for
the purpose defining a process that is …a repeatable
set of activities documented to achieve a consistent
result, output, product, or service …preferably
successful.
85. CREATIVE CONSULTING et al. (2013):
Process… CONCLUSION
CREATIVE CONSULTING… and Business Services will
endeavor to keep pace with approaches and
methodologies in Process Modeling to provide the
best service possible to the business community.
…“Make everything as simple as possible, but not
simpler.”
Albert Einstein