ABSTRACT: The study aims to measure the effectiveness of PBL learning strategies based on the -
endorphin hormone on the interest of medical students studying biochemistry. There is a tendency in medical
students at Tadulako University to lose their interest in learning basic subjects but directly learn clinically.
Problem-Based Learning Strategies are strategies that can stimulate higher-order thinking skills and possible to
arouse the interest of students and -endorphin hormones so they enjoy learning about biochemistry. The
sample collected by purposive sampling methods and conducted with pre and post group control design then
analyzed by using SPSS with the Kruskal Wallis test. The Post-Hoc test showed that the higher the levels of -
endorphin the more the interest of students studying biochemistry. PBL learning strategies affect student
learning interest (p <0,000).
Keywords: Learning strategies, Problem-Based Learning, interests, biochemistry, -endorphin hormone
This document describes a study that compared the effects of traditional teaching methods versus problem-based integrated teaching (PBIT) on second year medical students learning about bronchial asthma. Students were randomly divided into a control group that received traditional teaching and a study group that received PBIT. Scores on pre- and post-tests showed that students in the PBIT group had significantly greater improvements in knowledge compared to the control group. Feedback from students and faculty also indicated majority support and preference for the PBIT approach over traditional methods. The study concluded that PBIT is more effective for teaching and helping students develop clinical understanding compared to traditional fragmented teaching.
This document summarizes the results of a survey conducted at a Swedish medical college to understand student perceptions of problem-based learning (PBL) group tutorials. The survey had a high response rate of 84% and included students from terms 6-11 who had experience with PBL across the curriculum. Factor analysis identified four key factors related to student perceptions: 1) PBL as a learning method, 2) the tutor's role, 3) stress and insecurity from PBL, and 4) traditional teaching methods. Overall, students valued PBL but saw room for improvement in tutorial aims/objectives, group size, and more formal lectures. Perceptions declined over time, and students saw uneven tutor quality as an issue.
Project Based Learning Tools Development on Salt Hydrolysis Materials through...iosrjce
The application of the Project Based Learning in order to compromise the student's centered
learning, because the students are fully engaged in the learning process, from planning to investigative
reporting. The main purpose of this research is to produce the valid and effective Project Based Learning,
included: syllabus, lesson plans, module, project worksheets, evaluation instruments, and research instruments.
The subject of the research is two classes of the eleventh year student of science program in SMA N 1
Pemalang. The research applied 4-D models of Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel. The 4-D models. Researcher
has tested the validity and the effectiveness. Developed a learning device called valid if it has been through a
process of expert validation. The device developed effective learning, average scores and the pretest results
posttest then to determine the level of significance of the increase is in the pretest results - posttest t test with
results of 69.07. Observations attitude Data showed an average student with a good attitude to have. The results
of the questionnaire showed no positive response from students so that it can be concluded that the development
of project-based learning through a scientific approach is valid and effective.
Investigating the effect of brain storming strategy in the world islamic scie...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of using brainstorming strategy on student achievement in the "Sport and Health" course at the World Islamic Sciences and Education University. The study involved 68 students divided into an experimental group that was taught using brainstorming strategy (34 students) and a control group taught using traditional methods (34 students). Results showed statistically significant differences in student achievement favoring the experimental group that used brainstorming strategy. The researcher concluded that brainstorming strategy improved student achievement and recommended training faculty to use this strategy, especially for teaching the "Sport and Health" course.
Designing an Innovative Assessment of HOTS in the Science Learning for the 21...Md. Mehadi Rahman
Science learning in the 21st century should develop the abilities of the students to find solutions to the problems. This task requires a set of skills called Higher Order Thinking
Skills (HOTS) and innovative assessment should be designed to gauge the acquisition of these skills. Thus, this study aimed to create an innovative HOTS-based assessment tool in
science learning. It entailed a method following the research and development model. It covered the topic of genetics and involved biology experts and junior high school students.
The result initially showed that the assessment tool has high content validity. It further revealed that the items have a high-reliability index and they loaded on components based
on the three HOTS intended for the test. Thus, this paper concludes that the HOTS-based assessment tool is a good classroom test to gauge the science learning of the students.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between sport, self-efficacy, and tendency toward addiction in teenagers. The study involved 310 high school students in Iran who were given questionnaires before and after a 7-session sport intervention program based on Pender's health promotion model. The results showed that tendencies toward addiction decreased significantly after the intervention, while self-efficacy and participation in sports increased significantly. A positive correlation was found between increases in self-efficacy and sports participation and decreases in tendency toward addiction. The study concludes that sport and improved self-efficacy can reduce teenagers' risk of addiction.
The purpose of this article is to design a consistent research-based learning model and internal relevance on biology learning at Higher Education. The study participants were 88 students of Biology Education Department IAIN Batusangkar who studied Research Method subjects in Biology study, academic year 2016/2017. The method used was educational design research with preliminary stages of research, prototyping stage, and assessment stage. The instruments used were product assessment sheets. Preliminary research findings were analysed by reducing, presenting, and drawing conclusions. The mean score of formative evaluation result and mean score of the students’ achievement were analysed by descriptive statistic. Preliminary research results showed that changes should be made toward the biology learning outcomes. The next finding was that there were 9 supporting theories used to design research-based learning models on biology learning. Formative and summative prototype evaluation results were good and had met the criteria of developing the learning model. So, it was concluded that research-based learning model on biology learning had consistency and internal relevance.
Green Consumerism in Environmental Learning: 7th-grade Students ProEnvironmen...Md. Mehadi Rahman
Science education in the 21st century including biology learning at the level of Junior High School requires a more contextual implementation. Environmental learning topics such as green consumerism is a contextual topic in biology learning. Students must have high Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) to participate in protecting the environment. The purpose of this study was to measure the PEB of students at the 7th-grade level. The research method used descriptive with survey data collection techniques. The study was conducted in November-December 2018 at State Junior High School 1 South Tambun, West Java, Indonesia. A total sample of 135 students in 7th grade was selected by simple random sampling. The results showed there were six PEB indicators based on Green Consumerism that were Energy Conservation (86.37), Transportation (56.67), Waste Avoidance (53.04), Daily Consumption (64.44), Recycling (58.89), Social Behavior (60.54). Among the six indicators, only energy conservation was categorized as very high, while the others are categorized as moderate. This study concluded that PEB students must be improved by various models, methods, and media in biology learning.
This document describes a study that compared the effects of traditional teaching methods versus problem-based integrated teaching (PBIT) on second year medical students learning about bronchial asthma. Students were randomly divided into a control group that received traditional teaching and a study group that received PBIT. Scores on pre- and post-tests showed that students in the PBIT group had significantly greater improvements in knowledge compared to the control group. Feedback from students and faculty also indicated majority support and preference for the PBIT approach over traditional methods. The study concluded that PBIT is more effective for teaching and helping students develop clinical understanding compared to traditional fragmented teaching.
This document summarizes the results of a survey conducted at a Swedish medical college to understand student perceptions of problem-based learning (PBL) group tutorials. The survey had a high response rate of 84% and included students from terms 6-11 who had experience with PBL across the curriculum. Factor analysis identified four key factors related to student perceptions: 1) PBL as a learning method, 2) the tutor's role, 3) stress and insecurity from PBL, and 4) traditional teaching methods. Overall, students valued PBL but saw room for improvement in tutorial aims/objectives, group size, and more formal lectures. Perceptions declined over time, and students saw uneven tutor quality as an issue.
Project Based Learning Tools Development on Salt Hydrolysis Materials through...iosrjce
The application of the Project Based Learning in order to compromise the student's centered
learning, because the students are fully engaged in the learning process, from planning to investigative
reporting. The main purpose of this research is to produce the valid and effective Project Based Learning,
included: syllabus, lesson plans, module, project worksheets, evaluation instruments, and research instruments.
The subject of the research is two classes of the eleventh year student of science program in SMA N 1
Pemalang. The research applied 4-D models of Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel. The 4-D models. Researcher
has tested the validity and the effectiveness. Developed a learning device called valid if it has been through a
process of expert validation. The device developed effective learning, average scores and the pretest results
posttest then to determine the level of significance of the increase is in the pretest results - posttest t test with
results of 69.07. Observations attitude Data showed an average student with a good attitude to have. The results
of the questionnaire showed no positive response from students so that it can be concluded that the development
of project-based learning through a scientific approach is valid and effective.
Investigating the effect of brain storming strategy in the world islamic scie...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of using brainstorming strategy on student achievement in the "Sport and Health" course at the World Islamic Sciences and Education University. The study involved 68 students divided into an experimental group that was taught using brainstorming strategy (34 students) and a control group taught using traditional methods (34 students). Results showed statistically significant differences in student achievement favoring the experimental group that used brainstorming strategy. The researcher concluded that brainstorming strategy improved student achievement and recommended training faculty to use this strategy, especially for teaching the "Sport and Health" course.
Designing an Innovative Assessment of HOTS in the Science Learning for the 21...Md. Mehadi Rahman
Science learning in the 21st century should develop the abilities of the students to find solutions to the problems. This task requires a set of skills called Higher Order Thinking
Skills (HOTS) and innovative assessment should be designed to gauge the acquisition of these skills. Thus, this study aimed to create an innovative HOTS-based assessment tool in
science learning. It entailed a method following the research and development model. It covered the topic of genetics and involved biology experts and junior high school students.
The result initially showed that the assessment tool has high content validity. It further revealed that the items have a high-reliability index and they loaded on components based
on the three HOTS intended for the test. Thus, this paper concludes that the HOTS-based assessment tool is a good classroom test to gauge the science learning of the students.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between sport, self-efficacy, and tendency toward addiction in teenagers. The study involved 310 high school students in Iran who were given questionnaires before and after a 7-session sport intervention program based on Pender's health promotion model. The results showed that tendencies toward addiction decreased significantly after the intervention, while self-efficacy and participation in sports increased significantly. A positive correlation was found between increases in self-efficacy and sports participation and decreases in tendency toward addiction. The study concludes that sport and improved self-efficacy can reduce teenagers' risk of addiction.
The purpose of this article is to design a consistent research-based learning model and internal relevance on biology learning at Higher Education. The study participants were 88 students of Biology Education Department IAIN Batusangkar who studied Research Method subjects in Biology study, academic year 2016/2017. The method used was educational design research with preliminary stages of research, prototyping stage, and assessment stage. The instruments used were product assessment sheets. Preliminary research findings were analysed by reducing, presenting, and drawing conclusions. The mean score of formative evaluation result and mean score of the students’ achievement were analysed by descriptive statistic. Preliminary research results showed that changes should be made toward the biology learning outcomes. The next finding was that there were 9 supporting theories used to design research-based learning models on biology learning. Formative and summative prototype evaluation results were good and had met the criteria of developing the learning model. So, it was concluded that research-based learning model on biology learning had consistency and internal relevance.
Green Consumerism in Environmental Learning: 7th-grade Students ProEnvironmen...Md. Mehadi Rahman
Science education in the 21st century including biology learning at the level of Junior High School requires a more contextual implementation. Environmental learning topics such as green consumerism is a contextual topic in biology learning. Students must have high Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) to participate in protecting the environment. The purpose of this study was to measure the PEB of students at the 7th-grade level. The research method used descriptive with survey data collection techniques. The study was conducted in November-December 2018 at State Junior High School 1 South Tambun, West Java, Indonesia. A total sample of 135 students in 7th grade was selected by simple random sampling. The results showed there were six PEB indicators based on Green Consumerism that were Energy Conservation (86.37), Transportation (56.67), Waste Avoidance (53.04), Daily Consumption (64.44), Recycling (58.89), Social Behavior (60.54). Among the six indicators, only energy conservation was categorized as very high, while the others are categorized as moderate. This study concluded that PEB students must be improved by various models, methods, and media in biology learning.
Faculty Development Strategy is An Essential Element for Quality TeachingMatiaAhmed
This document discusses the importance of faculty development for quality teaching. It summarizes a study on medical students' attitudes towards teachers in the Physiology Department at a Bangladesh medical college. Most students strongly agreed that teachers had positive attitudes, prepared well for classes, and were enthusiastic. However, the study also found room for improvement and recommended increasing faculty exposure to development programs both within Bangladesh and abroad to further enhance teaching quality.
first aid management of epilepsy in school childrenijtsrd
Objective To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding first aid management of epilepsy in school children among teachers. Materials and methods A quantitative research approach with Pre Experimental one group pretest and post test design was used to conduct the study in selected schools of Greater Noida. Non probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select 30 school teachers. A self structured knowledge questionnaire containing 26 items were used for assessing the level of knowledge among the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results The mean knowledge score of the school teachers in pretest 14.03±4.514 is lesser than the mean knowledge score of school teachers in post test 18.23±3.848, t value 2.045 which is significant P = 0.05.There was an association found between the score level with their previous source of information. Conclusion The study is concluded that planned teaching programme was effective to enhance knowledge among school teachers regarding first aid management of epilepsy. Nisha Varghese "First Aid Management of Epilepsy in School Children" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33063.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/33063/first-aid-management-of-epilepsy-in-school-children/nisha-varghese
This study examined the effects of cooperative learning with initial knowledge compared to cooperative learning without initial knowledge on student learning outcomes in colloid systems. The study involved two 11th grade classes (n=30 each) in SMAN 3 Binjai high school. Students in the experimental class received initial knowledge before cooperative learning, while the control class did not. Post-test scores were higher on average for the experimental class (87) than the control class (82), and hypothesis testing found the difference to be statistically significant, indicating initial knowledge improved learning when used with cooperative learning.
This study investigated the effects of using Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) cooperative learning strategy versus traditional lecture method on senior secondary school students' learning outcomes in chemical kinetics. It also examined the influence of students' mathematics ability, which was categorized as high, medium, or low. Data was collected from 300 students across 6 schools. Results of the ANCOVA and multiple classification analysis revealed that STAD had a significant positive effect on students' achievement and attitude compared to the traditional method. Additionally, students' mathematics ability significantly influenced their achievement and attitude, and the interaction between treatment and mathematics ability was also significant. The study recommended considering students' mathematics background before allowing enrollment in chemistry and using STAD to teach chemical
HOTS Analysis to Develop E-Supplement Book Based on Plant Physiology ResearchMd. Mehadi Rahman
Biology learning, especially the topic of plant physiology, requires Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This ability needs to be improved with HOTS based teaching materials. The teaching materials, however, have not been developed, especially those in plant physiology topic. Students’ HOTS in biology learning still requires an improvement as HOTS is important for the 21st century. One alternative that can be developed is teaching materials in the form of an E-Supplement Book Based on Plant Physiology Research (ESPPRe). The purpose of this study was to measure students’ HOTS related to the concept of plant physiology as the basis for developing ESPPRe. The method used was descriptive using a survey technique. The instrument used in this study amounted to 10 items distributed using Google form. The results indicated that the scores were categorized as low for all students (40.81) with male students (41.39) and
female students (40.74). This suggested that the HOTS score still needs to be improved and it is necessary to develop ESPPRe in further research. The content on the ESPPRe media that must be developed is related to activities to analyze and criticize problems that have been presented in ESPPRe. Next, students are expected to be able to create solutions and ideas related to these problems. The development of various learning media will make students happier in learning. This is because HOTS-based learning implementation will be varied. This study concludes that the HOTS score is still in the low category and the ESPPRe can be developed in subsequent studies. Suggestion from this research is to be able to implement the book to improve students' abilities to solve problems.
Observable effects of developing mathematical skills of students through team...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of using team-based learning versus laboratory learning approaches to teach mathematics to students. Sixty students were divided into two groups, with one group taught using team-based learning and the other using the laboratory approach. Both groups were given tests after the instruction. Statistical analysis found a significant difference in performance between the two groups, with the team-based learning group scoring higher. The study concludes team-based learning is more effective for developing students' mathematical skills than the laboratory approach.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BLOG IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS AT THE SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCAT...Thiyagu K
The document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of using educational blogs to teach mathematics to secondary teacher trainees compared to traditional teaching methods. The study found that the experimental group who used the educational blog scored significantly higher on knowledge, understanding, and application measures compared to the control group who received traditional lecture-based instruction. The blog provided an engaging format with colorful templates, multimedia, and explanations that helped motivate students and improve their learning of mathematical concepts and methods. Therefore, the study concluded that blogs can be an effective tool for teaching mathematics when incorporated into the course delivery approach for teacher trainees.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Motivational Intervention on Anxiety...iosrjce
The objective of the study was to assess the mental To assess and compare the level anxiety of
unsuccessful B.Sc (N) students in university examination before and after the administration of motivational
intervention and to determine the association of level of anxiety with the selected personal variables.31
unsuccessful B.Sc(N)student were selected through purposive sampling technique. In view of the nature of the
problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, structured Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the
Anxiety level of the students. Validity was ensured in the field of Nursing and medical departments. Reliability of
the tools was tested by Cranach’s alpha, which was 0.92 Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
The findings of this study indicated that Motivational Intervention is effective in reducing Anxiety (t
value=3.027, p value = <0.05) among unsuccessful B.Sc (N) students. There was no significant association of
Anxiety with the selected sample characteristics after motivational intervention but before motivational
intervention it was significantly associated with age in year, passed higher secondary in how many attempts and
hobbies. The finding suggests that motivational intervention was effective in reducing level of Anxiety of
unsuccessful B.Sc (N) students.
The document summarizes a proposed research study that examines the effects of cooperative group size on mathematics achievement in middle school students. Specifically, it investigates whether groups of three students demonstrate greater achievement than groups of two. The study uses a quasi-experimental design where classes are randomly assigned to work in groups of either two (control) or three (experimental). Pre- and post-tests will measure student achievement over multiple units and the data will be analyzed to compare achievement between the different group sizes. If a difference is found, further analysis will explore potential reasons. The goal is to provide additional evidence around optimal cooperative group size.
This study investigated students' attitudes towards the three categories of questions in the WAEC practical chemistry examination: theory of practicals, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis. A questionnaire was administered to 50 secondary school chemistry students. ANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference in student attitudes towards the three categories. Post-hoc analysis showed students had the most positive attitude towards theory of practicals, followed by qualitative analysis, with quantitative analysis having the least positive attitude. The study aims to help improve student performance in practical chemistry by identifying areas of weaker attitude to target for encouragement and motivation.
Team-based learning (TBL) as a teaching modality in Pharmacologyiosrjce
Team-based learning (TBL) is a student-centered teaching approach that requires both individual
and group accountability to ensure a fruitful teaching/learning experience. We adopted TBL in teaching second
year Pharmacy students Pharmacology course in Dubai Pharmacy College (DPC), Dubai, UAE. The present
study assessed students’ perception to TBL as a teaching/learning method. Second year students were divided
into 10 groups 7-8 students each. The three phases of the TBL technique were implemented. Students were
requested to respond to a questionnaire to assess their perception to the TBL experience. A significant
proportion of the students felt that TBL provides an enjoyable teaching/learning experience that enhances their
active learning, self-directed learning (SDL), critical thinking and ability to solve clinical problems
A two-way ANOVA and binary logistic regression were conducted to analyze factors influencing knowledge of calorie and BMI among students and staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences, UKM. The two-way ANOVA found no significant interaction between race and school but both school and race had a main effect on knowledge scores. Post-hoc tests found significant differences between diagnostic and healthcare schools, and rehabilitation and healthcare schools. The logistic regression found that only education level significantly predicted knowledge, with graduates having 15 times higher odds of higher knowledge than undergraduates. No other factors like gender, race, family history or BMI significantly predicted knowledge.
Assessment of the Existing School Health Promotion Program in a Selected Educ...AnuragSingh1049
The health promotion school program was designed to promote the wellbeing of school students. This concept was introduced during the 1980s by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Sri Lanka; it was initiated and implemented in 2008 targeting all government schools. The aim of the study was to assess the existing school health promotion program. The cross-sectional study was implemented in May 2018 with all secondary schools in a selected education zone in Sri Lanka which represent three types of schools, 1AB, 1C and type 2. The study participants were students and teachers. The newly developed tool (Health Promoting School Assessment Tool) was used to assess the existing school health promotion program under six main criteria. The nominal group technique was followed to fill the assessment tool designed in the study where a team of teachers and a team of students separately took part in the assessment. The findings of the study show that the existing health promotion school program is partially unsuccessful in the selected educational zone. The existing situation of the school health promotion program, according to the main six criteria of the Health Promotion School Assessment Tool, was not at a satisfactory level of the implementation (38.2%). Only three schools (N=23) scored more than 50% while other schools (n=20, N=23) were scored less than 50%. According to the assessment, for each group of an individual school, there was a difference between teachers’ assessment and students’ assessment of the overall health promotion program. It is important to conduct continuous monitoring and have an evaluation plan for the school health promotion program to acquire effective changes in school settings.
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
The document summarizes a proposed research study that aims to determine whether cooperative groups of three students show greater mathematics achievement than groups of two in middle school classes. The study uses a quasi-experimental design where classes are randomly assigned to work in groups of either two (control) or three (experimental). Students' pre-and post-test scores for each unit will be analyzed to measure the impact of group size on academic achievement. If a difference is found, the results could inform best practices for cooperative learning group sizes in middle school mathematics.
The document summarizes a proposed research study that aims to determine whether cooperative groups of three students result in greater mathematics achievement than groups of two in middle school classrooms. The study uses a quasi-experimental design where classes are randomly assigned to work in groups of either two (control) or three (experimental). Students' pre- and post-test scores for each unit will be analyzed to measure the impact of group size on academic achievement. If a difference is found, it could provide guidance on optimal cooperative group sizes in middle school mathematics.
This document discusses a study on the effect of schema theory on reading comprehension of fourth semester students in the English Language Education study program at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. It provides background information on reading as an interactive mental process and introduces schema theory and its relationship to reading comprehension. The study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in reading post-test scores between students who were taught using schema theory and those who were not. It will use a quasi-experimental design and involve pre- and post-tests. The results are expected to provide insights into teaching techniques that can improve student reading motivation and comprehension skills.
This study compared the effectiveness of conventional lecture and team-based learning (TBL) methods for teaching neurology to undergraduate rehabilitation students. It found that:
1) Students scored significantly higher on assessments after TBL sessions compared to lecture sessions. Student scores increased with each additional TBL session.
2) Students reported significantly higher satisfaction with TBL (81.3%) compared to conventional lectures.
3) Both internal consistency and external consistency of the student satisfaction scale used to measure satisfaction were high, indicating the scale was reliable.
The study concluded that TBL was more effective than lectures for student learning and satisfaction in the neurology course.
Health Psychology_Increasing frequency of breakfast consumption_impact on moo...Amber Trengove
The participant recorded their food intake, mood, and energy levels over two weeks. In the first week, they skipped breakfast three days. After an intervention using positive reinforcement to encourage breakfast, they ate breakfast every day the next week. Their average mood and energy levels increased from 6.1 to 7.1. The results suggest the intervention successfully increased breakfast consumption and correlated with improved mood and energy.
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING RESEARCH.pptxRuthJoshila
This document discusses the conceptual phase and design/planning phase of quantitative research. It covers developing a research problem by selecting and narrowing a topic, evaluating problems based on significance, researchability and feasibility. It also discusses formulating a final research problem statement. The conceptual phase also involves reviewing related literature and defining a theoretical framework. Developing hypotheses is also covered. The design/planning phase involves selecting a research design such as experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre-experimental designs. Key methodological decisions are made to ensure validity and credibility of study findings.
A Phenomenological Research to Assess the View Point of Undergraduates Regard...ijtsrd
The present study has been conducted to know the view point of participant regarding the consumption of favorable snacks to reduce the stress level during examination in LN Nursing College Bhopal. In order to achieve the objectives phenomenological research design with qualitative approach was adopted. The sample size was 25. The method of data collection was open ended view point questions, result shows that the participant had favorable opinion regarding consumption of favorable snacks during university examination. Dr. Jubin Varghese | Dr. Saniya Susan Issac "A Phenomenological Research to Assess the View Point of Undergraduates Regarding the Consumption of Favorite Snacks during University Examination" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43712.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/43712/a-phenomenological-research-to-assess-the-view-point-of-undergraduates-regarding-the-consumption-of-favorite-snacks-during-university-examination/dr-jubin-varghese
A project of psychology on the topic Drug Addiction with the help of survey
links to word file and the questionnaire used for survey:
word document: http://www.slideshare.net/SafeerAli7/drug-addiction-67095826
Questionnaire: http://www.slideshare.net/SafeerAli7/questionnaire-67095755
Faculty Development Strategy is An Essential Element for Quality TeachingMatiaAhmed
This document discusses the importance of faculty development for quality teaching. It summarizes a study on medical students' attitudes towards teachers in the Physiology Department at a Bangladesh medical college. Most students strongly agreed that teachers had positive attitudes, prepared well for classes, and were enthusiastic. However, the study also found room for improvement and recommended increasing faculty exposure to development programs both within Bangladesh and abroad to further enhance teaching quality.
first aid management of epilepsy in school childrenijtsrd
Objective To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding first aid management of epilepsy in school children among teachers. Materials and methods A quantitative research approach with Pre Experimental one group pretest and post test design was used to conduct the study in selected schools of Greater Noida. Non probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select 30 school teachers. A self structured knowledge questionnaire containing 26 items were used for assessing the level of knowledge among the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results The mean knowledge score of the school teachers in pretest 14.03±4.514 is lesser than the mean knowledge score of school teachers in post test 18.23±3.848, t value 2.045 which is significant P = 0.05.There was an association found between the score level with their previous source of information. Conclusion The study is concluded that planned teaching programme was effective to enhance knowledge among school teachers regarding first aid management of epilepsy. Nisha Varghese "First Aid Management of Epilepsy in School Children" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33063.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/33063/first-aid-management-of-epilepsy-in-school-children/nisha-varghese
This study examined the effects of cooperative learning with initial knowledge compared to cooperative learning without initial knowledge on student learning outcomes in colloid systems. The study involved two 11th grade classes (n=30 each) in SMAN 3 Binjai high school. Students in the experimental class received initial knowledge before cooperative learning, while the control class did not. Post-test scores were higher on average for the experimental class (87) than the control class (82), and hypothesis testing found the difference to be statistically significant, indicating initial knowledge improved learning when used with cooperative learning.
This study investigated the effects of using Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) cooperative learning strategy versus traditional lecture method on senior secondary school students' learning outcomes in chemical kinetics. It also examined the influence of students' mathematics ability, which was categorized as high, medium, or low. Data was collected from 300 students across 6 schools. Results of the ANCOVA and multiple classification analysis revealed that STAD had a significant positive effect on students' achievement and attitude compared to the traditional method. Additionally, students' mathematics ability significantly influenced their achievement and attitude, and the interaction between treatment and mathematics ability was also significant. The study recommended considering students' mathematics background before allowing enrollment in chemistry and using STAD to teach chemical
HOTS Analysis to Develop E-Supplement Book Based on Plant Physiology ResearchMd. Mehadi Rahman
Biology learning, especially the topic of plant physiology, requires Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This ability needs to be improved with HOTS based teaching materials. The teaching materials, however, have not been developed, especially those in plant physiology topic. Students’ HOTS in biology learning still requires an improvement as HOTS is important for the 21st century. One alternative that can be developed is teaching materials in the form of an E-Supplement Book Based on Plant Physiology Research (ESPPRe). The purpose of this study was to measure students’ HOTS related to the concept of plant physiology as the basis for developing ESPPRe. The method used was descriptive using a survey technique. The instrument used in this study amounted to 10 items distributed using Google form. The results indicated that the scores were categorized as low for all students (40.81) with male students (41.39) and
female students (40.74). This suggested that the HOTS score still needs to be improved and it is necessary to develop ESPPRe in further research. The content on the ESPPRe media that must be developed is related to activities to analyze and criticize problems that have been presented in ESPPRe. Next, students are expected to be able to create solutions and ideas related to these problems. The development of various learning media will make students happier in learning. This is because HOTS-based learning implementation will be varied. This study concludes that the HOTS score is still in the low category and the ESPPRe can be developed in subsequent studies. Suggestion from this research is to be able to implement the book to improve students' abilities to solve problems.
Observable effects of developing mathematical skills of students through team...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of using team-based learning versus laboratory learning approaches to teach mathematics to students. Sixty students were divided into two groups, with one group taught using team-based learning and the other using the laboratory approach. Both groups were given tests after the instruction. Statistical analysis found a significant difference in performance between the two groups, with the team-based learning group scoring higher. The study concludes team-based learning is more effective for developing students' mathematical skills than the laboratory approach.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BLOG IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS AT THE SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCAT...Thiyagu K
The document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of using educational blogs to teach mathematics to secondary teacher trainees compared to traditional teaching methods. The study found that the experimental group who used the educational blog scored significantly higher on knowledge, understanding, and application measures compared to the control group who received traditional lecture-based instruction. The blog provided an engaging format with colorful templates, multimedia, and explanations that helped motivate students and improve their learning of mathematical concepts and methods. Therefore, the study concluded that blogs can be an effective tool for teaching mathematics when incorporated into the course delivery approach for teacher trainees.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Motivational Intervention on Anxiety...iosrjce
The objective of the study was to assess the mental To assess and compare the level anxiety of
unsuccessful B.Sc (N) students in university examination before and after the administration of motivational
intervention and to determine the association of level of anxiety with the selected personal variables.31
unsuccessful B.Sc(N)student were selected through purposive sampling technique. In view of the nature of the
problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, structured Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the
Anxiety level of the students. Validity was ensured in the field of Nursing and medical departments. Reliability of
the tools was tested by Cranach’s alpha, which was 0.92 Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
The findings of this study indicated that Motivational Intervention is effective in reducing Anxiety (t
value=3.027, p value = <0.05) among unsuccessful B.Sc (N) students. There was no significant association of
Anxiety with the selected sample characteristics after motivational intervention but before motivational
intervention it was significantly associated with age in year, passed higher secondary in how many attempts and
hobbies. The finding suggests that motivational intervention was effective in reducing level of Anxiety of
unsuccessful B.Sc (N) students.
The document summarizes a proposed research study that examines the effects of cooperative group size on mathematics achievement in middle school students. Specifically, it investigates whether groups of three students demonstrate greater achievement than groups of two. The study uses a quasi-experimental design where classes are randomly assigned to work in groups of either two (control) or three (experimental). Pre- and post-tests will measure student achievement over multiple units and the data will be analyzed to compare achievement between the different group sizes. If a difference is found, further analysis will explore potential reasons. The goal is to provide additional evidence around optimal cooperative group size.
This study investigated students' attitudes towards the three categories of questions in the WAEC practical chemistry examination: theory of practicals, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis. A questionnaire was administered to 50 secondary school chemistry students. ANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference in student attitudes towards the three categories. Post-hoc analysis showed students had the most positive attitude towards theory of practicals, followed by qualitative analysis, with quantitative analysis having the least positive attitude. The study aims to help improve student performance in practical chemistry by identifying areas of weaker attitude to target for encouragement and motivation.
Team-based learning (TBL) as a teaching modality in Pharmacologyiosrjce
Team-based learning (TBL) is a student-centered teaching approach that requires both individual
and group accountability to ensure a fruitful teaching/learning experience. We adopted TBL in teaching second
year Pharmacy students Pharmacology course in Dubai Pharmacy College (DPC), Dubai, UAE. The present
study assessed students’ perception to TBL as a teaching/learning method. Second year students were divided
into 10 groups 7-8 students each. The three phases of the TBL technique were implemented. Students were
requested to respond to a questionnaire to assess their perception to the TBL experience. A significant
proportion of the students felt that TBL provides an enjoyable teaching/learning experience that enhances their
active learning, self-directed learning (SDL), critical thinking and ability to solve clinical problems
A two-way ANOVA and binary logistic regression were conducted to analyze factors influencing knowledge of calorie and BMI among students and staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences, UKM. The two-way ANOVA found no significant interaction between race and school but both school and race had a main effect on knowledge scores. Post-hoc tests found significant differences between diagnostic and healthcare schools, and rehabilitation and healthcare schools. The logistic regression found that only education level significantly predicted knowledge, with graduates having 15 times higher odds of higher knowledge than undergraduates. No other factors like gender, race, family history or BMI significantly predicted knowledge.
Assessment of the Existing School Health Promotion Program in a Selected Educ...AnuragSingh1049
The health promotion school program was designed to promote the wellbeing of school students. This concept was introduced during the 1980s by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Sri Lanka; it was initiated and implemented in 2008 targeting all government schools. The aim of the study was to assess the existing school health promotion program. The cross-sectional study was implemented in May 2018 with all secondary schools in a selected education zone in Sri Lanka which represent three types of schools, 1AB, 1C and type 2. The study participants were students and teachers. The newly developed tool (Health Promoting School Assessment Tool) was used to assess the existing school health promotion program under six main criteria. The nominal group technique was followed to fill the assessment tool designed in the study where a team of teachers and a team of students separately took part in the assessment. The findings of the study show that the existing health promotion school program is partially unsuccessful in the selected educational zone. The existing situation of the school health promotion program, according to the main six criteria of the Health Promotion School Assessment Tool, was not at a satisfactory level of the implementation (38.2%). Only three schools (N=23) scored more than 50% while other schools (n=20, N=23) were scored less than 50%. According to the assessment, for each group of an individual school, there was a difference between teachers’ assessment and students’ assessment of the overall health promotion program. It is important to conduct continuous monitoring and have an evaluation plan for the school health promotion program to acquire effective changes in school settings.
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
The document summarizes a proposed research study that aims to determine whether cooperative groups of three students show greater mathematics achievement than groups of two in middle school classes. The study uses a quasi-experimental design where classes are randomly assigned to work in groups of either two (control) or three (experimental). Students' pre-and post-test scores for each unit will be analyzed to measure the impact of group size on academic achievement. If a difference is found, the results could inform best practices for cooperative learning group sizes in middle school mathematics.
The document summarizes a proposed research study that aims to determine whether cooperative groups of three students result in greater mathematics achievement than groups of two in middle school classrooms. The study uses a quasi-experimental design where classes are randomly assigned to work in groups of either two (control) or three (experimental). Students' pre- and post-test scores for each unit will be analyzed to measure the impact of group size on academic achievement. If a difference is found, it could provide guidance on optimal cooperative group sizes in middle school mathematics.
This document discusses a study on the effect of schema theory on reading comprehension of fourth semester students in the English Language Education study program at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. It provides background information on reading as an interactive mental process and introduces schema theory and its relationship to reading comprehension. The study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in reading post-test scores between students who were taught using schema theory and those who were not. It will use a quasi-experimental design and involve pre- and post-tests. The results are expected to provide insights into teaching techniques that can improve student reading motivation and comprehension skills.
This study compared the effectiveness of conventional lecture and team-based learning (TBL) methods for teaching neurology to undergraduate rehabilitation students. It found that:
1) Students scored significantly higher on assessments after TBL sessions compared to lecture sessions. Student scores increased with each additional TBL session.
2) Students reported significantly higher satisfaction with TBL (81.3%) compared to conventional lectures.
3) Both internal consistency and external consistency of the student satisfaction scale used to measure satisfaction were high, indicating the scale was reliable.
The study concluded that TBL was more effective than lectures for student learning and satisfaction in the neurology course.
Health Psychology_Increasing frequency of breakfast consumption_impact on moo...Amber Trengove
The participant recorded their food intake, mood, and energy levels over two weeks. In the first week, they skipped breakfast three days. After an intervention using positive reinforcement to encourage breakfast, they ate breakfast every day the next week. Their average mood and energy levels increased from 6.1 to 7.1. The results suggest the intervention successfully increased breakfast consumption and correlated with improved mood and energy.
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING RESEARCH.pptxRuthJoshila
This document discusses the conceptual phase and design/planning phase of quantitative research. It covers developing a research problem by selecting and narrowing a topic, evaluating problems based on significance, researchability and feasibility. It also discusses formulating a final research problem statement. The conceptual phase also involves reviewing related literature and defining a theoretical framework. Developing hypotheses is also covered. The design/planning phase involves selecting a research design such as experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre-experimental designs. Key methodological decisions are made to ensure validity and credibility of study findings.
A Phenomenological Research to Assess the View Point of Undergraduates Regard...ijtsrd
The present study has been conducted to know the view point of participant regarding the consumption of favorable snacks to reduce the stress level during examination in LN Nursing College Bhopal. In order to achieve the objectives phenomenological research design with qualitative approach was adopted. The sample size was 25. The method of data collection was open ended view point questions, result shows that the participant had favorable opinion regarding consumption of favorable snacks during university examination. Dr. Jubin Varghese | Dr. Saniya Susan Issac "A Phenomenological Research to Assess the View Point of Undergraduates Regarding the Consumption of Favorite Snacks during University Examination" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43712.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/43712/a-phenomenological-research-to-assess-the-view-point-of-undergraduates-regarding-the-consumption-of-favorite-snacks-during-university-examination/dr-jubin-varghese
A project of psychology on the topic Drug Addiction with the help of survey
links to word file and the questionnaire used for survey:
word document: http://www.slideshare.net/SafeerAli7/drug-addiction-67095826
Questionnaire: http://www.slideshare.net/SafeerAli7/questionnaire-67095755
This study compared the effectiveness of conventional lecture and team-based learning (TBL) methods for teaching neurology to undergraduate rehabilitation students. It found that:
1) Students scored significantly higher on assessments after TBL sessions compared to lecture sessions. Student scores increased with each additional TBL session.
2) Students reported significantly higher satisfaction with TBL (81.3%) compared to conventional lectures.
3) Both internal consistency and external consistency of the student satisfaction scale used to measure satisfaction were high, supporting the reliability of the scale.
The study concluded that TBL was more effective than lectures for student learning and satisfaction in the neurology course.
This study explored using a game-based learning approach to nutrition education for third graders compared to a traditional PowerPoint approach. Sixty-six students were split into experimental and control groups. The experimental group learned through online nutrition games while the control used PowerPoints. Data was collected through tests, surveys, and observations over four weeks. Results showed the experimental group had significantly higher learning achievements and better food/drink habits, but similar nutrition attitudes. Students also provided positive feedback on the game-based approach. The approach was effective in improving knowledge and habits but not attitudes.
Problem Based Learning In Comparison To Traditional Teaching As Perceived By ...iosrjce
Objectives: To compare lecture based learning (LBL) with problem based learning (PBL).
Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was carried out among 145 3rd year MBBS students in
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College(JNMC), Aligarh. The study was performedfor a period of 60 days. Data was
collected by means of structured questionnaire.
Results: 65 (44.8%) students were girls while 80 (55.2%) were boys. 89 (61.4%) students liked only PBL
followed by both LBL and PBL by 104(71.7%) students. 59(40.7 %) students claimed that PBL has led to better
understanding of subject while 71(48.9%) respondents favored both LBL and PBL. 98(67.6%) respondents
admitted that PBL has led to more clarification of their concepts while 105(72.4%) students appreciated both.
Coverage of sufficient syllabus through PBL and both was claimed by 91(62.8%) and 105(72.4%) students
respectively. Majority 94(64.8%) was satisfied with training of the teacher for traditional teaching while
106(73.1%) were satisfied with training of facilitator for PBL. 69(47.5%) students were satisfied with
availability of resources for PBL while 71(48.9%) were for both methods combined together. 91(62.8%)
respondents preferred present scenario (LBL parallel with PBL)in JNMC.
Conclusion: LBL must be in symbiosis with PBL for better analytical approach and clarification of concepts.
There is need to improve the information resources for PBL and enhancement of practical knowledge of
students.
Pooky knightsmith PhD thesis - development and testing of an eating disorders...Pooky Knightsmith
This is my PhD thesis - it is an example of 'thesis by publication' and was for the award of PhD in psychological medicine from the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London in 2014.
This work was funded by the National Institute of Health Research as part of the 'ARIADNE' project.
Abstract
Aims:
The overall aims of this thesis were (1) to develop an eating disorders training programme for school staff, informed by stakeholder (student, staff) views and designed to improve staff’s confidence, attitudes and knowledge in recognising and managing student eating disorders and (2) to carry out a feasibility study of this programme.
Method:
In Studies 1 and 2, 11-19 year old school students (n= 511) and school staff (n=826)
completed online questionnaires exploring their respective experiences and complementing perspectives of eating disorders in an integrated way. In Study 3, focus groups were conducted with 63 members of staff from 29 UK schools with the aims of (a) capturing their views on their ability to identify and manage student eating disorders and any obstacles to this, and (b) to identify any specific training needs in this area that school staff may have and to generate recommendations based on these. In study 4, an eating disorders training programme was developed with input from school staff and clinicians and informed by the findings from studies 1-3. 45 school staff took part in the one day face to face eating disorders training programme and completed a questionnaire about their eating disorder knowledge, attitude and confidence prior to the intervention, immediately post intervention and again three months later. The significance of intragroup changes over time was determined using generalised estimating equations (GEE) models.
Results:
Studies 1-3 indicated that both students and staff felt that eating disorder training for school staff would be beneficial but that such training was not currently widely available. Students and staff then went on to make recommendations for the development of a training intervention for school staff. The intervention was tested in study 4 and was found to have a significant positive impact on school staff’s self-reported confidence, attitudes and knowledge about eating disorders with medium to large effect sizes of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.8 respectively. These gains were universally maintained at follow-up three months later.
Conclusions:
The promising results of the feasibility study provide strong motivation and sound indicators for further research in this emerging field. A large scale evaluation of the teacher training using a fully powered stepped wedge design is recommended as the next step.
This document provides an introduction to a textbook about how to critically read medical literature. It introduces the M.A.A.R.I.E framework for evaluating different types of medical studies. The framework consists of 6 components: Method, Assignment, Assessment, Results, Interpretation, and Extrapolation. The document uses a "flaw-catching exercise" to demonstrate how the framework can be applied to evaluate a hypothetical medical study, and identifies several flaws in the study's methodology and conclusions. It then discusses the key features and appropriate uses of three common types of medical studies: case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials.
1. The study examines barriers faced by respiratory therapists in providing asthma education to caregivers of pediatric patients at a hospital.
2. Therapists saw non-compliance with asthma action plans, lack of medication availability, and social circumstances as significant barriers.
3. Analysis found caregivers' belief systems and financial situations adversely affected children's health by perpetuating barriers and non-compliance.
This document discusses goals and objectives in curriculum development. It provides examples of goals, objectives, and taxonomies for writing objectives. The key points are:
1. Goals are broad statements of learning outcomes, while objectives are specific and measurable. Objectives should specify who, will do what, by when, and to what level or degree.
2. Objectives can be written for knowledge, attitudes, and skills using taxonomies like Bloom's. Knowledge objectives focus on recall, while higher-level objectives incorporate application and problem-solving.
3. Well-written objectives guide curriculum implementation and assessment to ensure learners achieve the desired outcomes. They should ultimately benefit patients.
1. The study examined factors predicting oral health behaviors among 351 female students in Tehran, Iran based on the Health Belief Model with added commitment to plan construct.
2. 31.8% of students reported brushing less than twice a day and 55.2% reported using dental floss once a week or less.
3. Perceived self-efficacy, commitment to plan, and cues to action were significant predictors of brushing twice a day and using dental floss once a day or more. The model was an acceptable framework for designing oral health programs for students.
This study examined factors predicting oral health behaviors among 351 female students in Tehran, Iran using an expanded health belief model. The study found that 31.8% of students reported brushing less than twice daily and 55.2% reported using dental floss once a week or less. Logistic regression analysis identified perceived self-efficacy, commitment to plan, and cues to action as significant predictors of brushing twice daily. Perceived self-efficacy was also found to predict using dental floss once daily or more. The results suggest the expanded health belief model provides an effective framework for designing oral health education programs to improve behaviors in students.
Selection of the Problem pg 13One of the most difficult tasks co.docxbagotjesusa
Selection of the Problem pg 13
One of the most difficult tasks confronting the beginner is to select a researchable problem. More often than not, the newcomer has a proclivity to tackle an exotic issue, thus making the problem either too broad or too narrow in scope. Some factors that should be involved in the ultimate selection are listed here (Bailey, 1994):
1. Interest: The researcher should be interested in pursuing the problem area. The problem should be related to the background and career interests of the student, and in pursuing the problem the student should develop useful skills for the future.
2. Operability: The nature of the problem should be such that the researcher has both the resources and the time available to complete the subject.
3. Scope: While the research problem should not attempt to solve all the health dilemmas of the world, neither should it be so small as to negate the variables necessary for adequate results.
4. Theoretical and practical values: The research should contribute to the health field, perhaps through publication, and be of benefit to health practitioners.
5. Health paradigm: This is the school of thought or model employed by the researcher as discussed in an earlier chapter (Chapter 1).
6. Values of the researcher: The myth of value-free research is just that, a myth. The student of research should be aware that in addition to being unstable, values may prejudice the research effort to the degree that all objectivity is lost. Note that even the selection of a problem is value-laden.
7. Research methodology: Every researcher has a philosophy of research that affects procedure. Thus, the student must be certain that hypotheses are well written and that appropriate criteria are used to interpret the data to reach conclusions.
8. Reactivity: The method of data collection should be scrutinized for reactivity. That is, a reactive technique brings about a reaction on the part of those being studied in a way that affects that data. The reactive effect is commonly labeled the “Hawthorne effect” from the study of the Hawthorne Plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago, where it was found that worker productivity increased simply because the personnel were being observed.
9. Unit of analysis: In health research, the unit of analysis may be an individual (such as the health habits of a single anorexic patient) or an entire population (patterns among the hospital anorexic population). The researcher must ascertain which is most appropriate and whether resources are available to collect data.
10. Time frame: This is particularly important to the student because only a limited amount of time is usually available. In a cross-sectional study aparticular population is involved at a single point in time; in a longitudinal time frame, data are gathered over an extended period of time (such as months or years).
11. Budget: To ensure that your proposal is feasible, write up a budget for expensive items. These items m.
This document provides an overview of health research. It defines health research as systematically investigating physical, mental, or social well-being. Examples include studies on injury prevention, multiple sclerosis symptoms, hearing loss and age, and college binge drinking. Health research involves carefully studying subjects to discover new information and can have both societal and personal benefits. There are two main types: laboratory and population-based research. The research process involves preparing, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings. Publication is more likely if the topic and methods are appropriate for the intended audience.
This document discusses evidence-based approaches to designing effective instruction. It outlines three approaches to researching instructional effectiveness: 1) identifying methods proven to improve learning, 2) determining when certain methods work better for different learners, and 3) understanding how and why methods are effective. The document also provides guidance on identifying relevant research through good methodology like controlling variables, random assignment, and appropriate measures. Key factors in interpreting research include sample size, treatment implementation, measure sensitivity, and dealing with confounding variables.
Introduction to teaching and learning strategies lecture 1Abeereldeeb2
The document provides an outline for a lecture on strategy of nursing education and health education. It discusses key terminology, the elements of the educational process including the main categories of human behavior, the educational cycle as a spiral process, and types of objectives. It also discusses health education, the definition of education, teaching strategies, factors that affect learning, learning conditions, and compares the education process to the nursing process.
This document outlines a thesis proposal that assesses the participation of physically disabled students in physical education practical classes in secondary schools in Chencha Woreda, Ethiopia. The proposal includes sections on the background, problem statement, research questions, objectives, significance, scope, research methodology, data collection instruments, procedures, analysis, and work plan/budget. Specifically, it aims to identify challenges physically disabled students face in participating in PE classes and provide recommendations to improve inclusion. The study will use qualitative methods like observation, interviews, and focus groups with PE teachers and disabled students in 3 schools to understand participation barriers and how to enhance involvement of disabled students in PE.
School Based Mindfulness Interventions Within a Response to Intervention Fram...Innovations2Solutions
Public education is continually evolving to best meet the academic and social-emotional needs of an increasingly diverse student population. A major driving force for this change is the No Child Left Behind Act (2001), which holds schools and teachers accountable for student performance on standardized tests in reading, math, and science. In order to academically prepare students for these high-stakes tests, 43 states have adopted
the Common Core Standards. These standards hold students to a high level of performance in language arts and math that is designed to prepare them for career and college readiness. While the Common Core Standards provide a universal framework for academic standards across the United States, there is
no comparable measure for social-emotional learning standards despite the fact that approximately one in five children and adolescents either currently experience or will experience mental health issues that warrant intervention. These types of issues include both internalizing conditions such as anxiety and depression and externalizing conditions such as Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. These disorders present a wide variety of challenges and adverse side effects for individuals who suffer from them. Some
of these negative side effects include lower academic achievement higher school dropout rates and negative peer relationships.
This document discusses different methods of data collection, including surveys, experiments, and observations. It provides examples of each method and guidelines for properly conducting surveys, experiments, and observations. Surveys collect data through questionnaires from a sample population. Experiments impose a treatment on subjects and observe the results. Observations describe behaviors by direct observation without manipulation. The document aims to help readers identify and properly apply different data collection methods.
Similar to Problem-Based Learning Strategy to Improve Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course Based on -Endorphin Hormones (20)
Analysis of variance of global experiments with repeated measurements with pr...IJMCERJournal
ABSTRACT: The global experiments in the presence of repeated measurements are represented in the case
of three overlapping factors and the third factor is represented by experimental units (Subjects). Repeated
measurements or treatments are taken for experimental units and these treatments are treated as a fourth factor.
This type of experiment has been analyzed by the parameterized methods represented by the F test. If the
conditions for variance analysis are available for repeated measurement experiments, and if the conditions are
not met, we use the non-parametric methods of converting to the ranks.
The purpose of this research is an analytical study of this type of experiment by non-parametric and nonparametric methods and the application of this experiment to thalassemia in DhiQar
The inhibitory activity of L. crispatus against uropathogenes in vitroIJMCERJournal
ABSTRACT: Bacterial interference refers to the use of bacteria of virulence to compete with and protect against
colonization and infection by disease causing organisms. In this study, L. crispatus strain was used to detect its
antibacterial activity towered five species (one Gram-positive and four Gram-negative ) of the most common bacteria
causing urinary tract infection. L. crispatus completely inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus , while it had no
inhibitory effect on three of the other species.
Key Words: inhibitory activity, L. crispatus, uropathogens
The Teacher Trainers’ Perceptions of the Challenges in Achieving Technologica...IJMCERJournal
ABSTRACT: The study examined the challenges in implementation of the Technological Pedagogical
Content Knowledge (TPCK) as a basis for 21st century learning and skills acquisition. The TPCK advocates for
adequate balance of content knowledge with pedagogy and technology. The study sampled one hundred and
twenty (120) teacher trainers whose status was senior lecturers and above in three Colleges of Education in Oyo
State, Nigeria to determine the problems of achieving TPCK in teacher education. An open ended questionnaire
which contained fifteen (15) statements on 4-point Likert scale was used as the only instrument. This allowed
the teacher trainers to freely express their opinions on the issues related to the implementation of TPCK in the
teacher education in Nigeria. The responses of the sampled teacher trainers were analysed using simple
percentage. The finding indicated that inadequacy in teacher preparation, teachers’ knowledge of application of
technology, inadequate technological facilities, mode of recruitment of teacher trainers, lack of teacher
motivation and irregular in-service training for the teacher trainers plague the implementation of TPCK in
Nigeria teacher education system. The study recommends adequate knowledge and application of technological
pedagogical content knowledge in teacher preparation, recruitment of teacher trainers, teacher motivation
through prompt payment salary, adequate provision of technological facilities and regular in-service training.
The study also suggested learning strategies that could be employed in teacher education to foster digital
literacy, critical thinking, problem solving and collaboration Keywords: Teacher education, pedagogical content
knowledge, technological pedagogical content knowledge, 21st century learning and skills
Coastal Work Protection Election in Southern Badung Area Based on Analytical ...IJMCERJournal
ABSTRACT : Badung Regency is one of the regencies on the island of Bali that has a beach with high
assets as an international coastal area. Badung Regency has a coastline of 64 km, but along the coast of
12.10 km has been eroded. The purpose of this research is to choose an appropriate coastal work protection
for coastal protection in the southern Badung area which is determined based on several criteria with the
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method so that it is expected that based on AHP analysis the best coastal
work protection will be obtained from several assessment criteria so that the existence the beach will be
sustainable. This research is a literature review research which is then continued by making a model of the
selection of appropriate coastal work protection in the Southern Badung region, especially in the form of
sandy beaches, this selection model is carried out by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Based
on the analysis the results consistently show that an alternative submerged breakwater as a coastal work
protection is the best alternative as a coastal work protection in the Southern Badung area based on the
suitability criteria, implementation methods, costs and environmental aesthetics.
KEYWORDS: Coastal work protection, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Southern Badung
Perceived Quality and Competitive Advantage in Beer Products In Kabale Distri...IJMCERJournal
1. The study investigated the effect of perceived quality on competitive advantage in beer products in Kabale District, South Western Uganda.
2. A survey was conducted among 312 consumers, wholesalers, retailers, and brand managers of beer products in Kabale District.
3. The study found that perceived quality has a positive effect on competitive advantage in alcoholic beer products in Kabale district at the 5% significance level. Producers of higher quality beer brands have a competitive advantage over those with lower quality beers.
The Future Outlook of Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis...IJMCERJournal
Artificial intelligence shows promise in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Studies have found that AI can predict breast cancer survival rates with up to 96.84% accuracy by analyzing patient data. Another study used machine learning to predict ovarian cancer survival with 93% accuracy. Researchers are also using AI to predict radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. While promising, more data is still needed to improve AI's ability to predict cancer outcomes. Overall, AI is becoming an important tool in the fight against cancer, but still requires further development and should be used to complement rather than replace doctors.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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Problem-Based Learning Strategy to Improve Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course Based on -Endorphin Hormones
1. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current
Educational Research (IJMCER)
ISSN: 2581-7027 ||Volume|| 2 ||Issue|| 1 ||Pages|| 01-05 ||2020||
|Volume 2| Issue 1 | www.ijmcer.com Page 1
Problem-Based Learning Strategy to Improve Medical Students’
Interest in Biochemistry Course Based on -Endorphin
Hormones
1
Tri Setyawati*, 2
Mery Napitupulu, 3
Muhammad Sabir, 4
Afadil
1
Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Indonesia.
2,4
Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Education, Tadulako University, Indonesia
3
Departement of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT: The study aims to measure the effectiveness of PBL learning strategies based on the -
endorphin hormone on the interest of medical students studying biochemistry. There is a tendency in medical
students at Tadulako University to lose their interest in learning basic subjects but directly learn clinically.
Problem-Based Learning Strategies are strategies that can stimulate higher-order thinking skills and possible to
arouse the interest of students and -endorphin hormones so they enjoy learning about biochemistry. The
sample collected by purposive sampling methods and conducted with pre and post group control design then
analyzed by using SPSS with the Kruskal Wallis test. The Post-Hoc test showed that the higher the levels of -
endorphin the more the interest of students studying biochemistry. PBL learning strategies affect student
learning interest (p <0,000).
Keywords: Learning strategies, Problem-Based Learning, interests, biochemistry, -endorphin hormone.
I. INTRODUCTION
The quality of education in organizing learning is largely determined by the ability of lecturers or
teachers to deliver teaching material. In delivering the subject matter to students a teacher is required to be
clever in his role in bringing students following the expected goals. This is determined by how a teacher chooses
and uses methods in the teaching and learning process that is under the subject matter and the objectives to be
achieved. 1,2
According to Ruseffendi (1980), the term learning strategy is any chosen wisdom, which has been
associated with factors that determine the color or strategy, that is: a) The selection of subject matter (teacher or
student); b) Presenters of subject matter (individual or group, or independent study); c) How to present subject
matter (inductive or deductive, analytical or synthesis, formal or non-formal); d) Target recipients of subject
matter (groups, individuals, heterogeneous, or homogeneous).3
Learning strategies can be a strategy in
conducting learning activities aimed at changing the state of learning into expected to learn.4,5
Problem Based Learning is a form of learning strategy based on problems. Problem-based learning can
be interpreted as a series of learning activities that emphasize the process of solving problems faced
scientifically. By the Indonesian Medical Council, the PBL method is recommended in the study of medical
students.6
Someone who has an interest in learning in himself then he will achieve the desires or ideals, but if a
student has no interest in learning then the student will not be able to achieve the desires or ideals. Students
interest in learning is needed in learning so that students have an interest in the material being taught. In addition
to students' interests, they also need encouragement or movement to achieve their goals or ideals. According to
Slameto (2010), it is stated that interest is a large capital in achieving or obtaining goals of interest.7
Individual interest is defined as a deep interest in something that already exists and is a desire from
within oneself to understand giving rise to new experiences. Whereas situational interest arises spontaneously,
and it is temporary. Three factors distinguish situational interest; the first triggers interest, second maintains
situational interest regarding feelings and third is to maintain situational interest as a value.8
Interest can be
measured through 4 indicators as mentioned in Slameto (2010), namely an interest in learning, attention in
learning, motivation to learn and knowledge. Interest in learning means that if someone is interested in a lesson
then he will have a feeling of interest in the lesson. He will be diligent in learning and continue to understand all
the knowledge related to the field.7
He will follow the lessons enthusiastically and without any burden on him.
Attention is the concentration or activity of one's soul towards observation, leaving aside anything other than
what is noticed. With interest, students will have attention in learning, their souls and minds will be focused on
what is learned.9,10
Interest in learning is the tendency of individuals to have pleasure without coercion to cause
changes in knowledge, skills, and behavior. Feeling happy is influenced by the activity of one hormone -
endorphin hormone.11
2. Problem-Based Learning Strategy to Improve Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course
|Volume 2| Issue 1 | www.ijmcer.com Page 2
The hormone endorphins are chemicals such as morphine that are produced by the body. Endorphins
have the effect of reducing pain and triggering feelings of pleasure, calm, or happiness. This hormone is
produced by the central nervous system and the pituitary gland. There are several types of endorphin hormones
including beta, gamma, and alpha. Endorphin hormone has the function of reducing stress, increasing
concentration and also increasing creativity.12
This study focus on the application of PBL learning strategies to
improve their endorphin and increase students’ interest to study biochemical course.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study used a quasi-experimental research method with a post-test only control group design.
Student interest was measured using a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions. The subject of the research was
the first batch of medical students who were taking biochemical studies. The sampling technique used was
accidental sampling.
The beta endorphin hormone is measured using the ELISA (Enzyme linkage immunosorbent Assay)
technique with -Endorphin for the human kit with catalog No. EH0696 Range 15.625-1000 pg/ml. The test
used to determine the effect of the -endorphin hormone on interest uses the One-Way ANOVA test and if it is
not normally distributed then the Kruskall Walis test is used. And to determine the relationship between -
endorphin hormone levels with the interests of students using the Pearson correlation test. However, if it is not
normally distributed, it uses a non-parametric test, the Spearman test
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Questions regarding students’ Interest in the questionnaire describe student motivation, pleasure, level
of knowledge and attention. These question can be found in number 1, 4, 5, 6, 17, 19, and 25 respectively, and
the number of students who interest in biochemistry shown in Tables 1.1, Table 1.2, Table 1.3, and Table 1.4
Table 1.1 Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course based on General Indicator
Answer Question
1 4 5 6 17 19 25
Strongly Disagree 0 6 1 17 24 1 4
Disagree 2 52 31 68 86 3 31
Agree 95 69 71 35 26 78 82
Strongly agree 39 9 33 16 0 54 19
Total 136 136 136 136 136 136 136
Table 1.2 Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course based on Attention Indicators
Answer Question
10 11 12 13 20
Strongly Disagree 18 12 0 0 17
Disagree 100 80 7 7 100
Agree 16 39 77 60 17
Strongly agree 2 5 52 69 2
Total 136 136 136 136 136
Table 1.3 Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course based on Motivation Indicators
Answer Question
3 14 15 18 22 23 24
Strongly Disagree 0 1 1 2 0 0 0
Disagree 7 1 31 76 2 4 3
Agree 114 72 71 54 92 94 86
Strongly agree 15 62 33 4 42 38 47
Total 136 136 136 136 136 136 136
3. Problem-Based Learning Strategy to Improve Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course
|Volume 2| Issue 1 | www.ijmcer.com Page 3
Table 1.4 Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course based on Knowledge Indicators
Answer Question
2 7 8 9 16 21
Strongly Disagree 0 6 1 17 24 1
Disagree 2 52 31 68 86 3
Agree 95 69 71 35 26 78
Strongly agree 39 9 33 16 0 54
Total 136 136 136 136 136 136
-endorphin hormone levels were measured using the ELISA (Enzyme Linkage Immunosorbent
Assay) method with -endorphin reagents for human 96 wells. Students are required to fast for an entire night or
less than 8 hours then their blood serum is taken for analysis. The results of examining beta endorphin hormone
levels can be seen in Table 1.5 below.
Table 1.5 Beta Endorphin Levels Hormone Serum of Medical Students*
Beta endorphin levels (pg/ml) N Mean
endorphin level 18-77 24 13,38
endorphin level 78-137 4 22,50
endorphin level> 137 55 55,91
Total 83
*
Primary data 2019
The normality test results above show that the value of the Shapiro Wilk Test obtained ρ = 0.000 <α =
0.05. it means that the data is not normally distributed, so the analysis continues with non-parametric analysis or
the Kruskall Wallis Test.
The descriptive analysis results above show that of 83 respondents had an average interest of 85.17
with a standard deviation of 12.003 and the lowest interest of 55 and the highest of 98. Ranks table shows that
24 respondents have endorphin levels 18-77, and 4 respondents have endorphin levels of 78-137, and 55
respondents have endorphin levels > 137.
Statistical test results show the value of ρ (0.000) <α (0.05), meaning that the null hypothesis is rejected
and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. In conclusion, there are differences in student interest based on levels
of endorphins. This means that the level of endorphins affects student interest.
The highest interest is at the level of endorphin levels>137 with an average interest value of 92.67 with
the lowest interest value of 78 and the highest of 98. Endorphin levels of 78-137 have an average interest value
of 76.25 with the lowest interest value of 75 and the highest of 78. The level of endorphin levels 18-77 has an
average interest value of 57.92 with the lowest interest value of 55 and the highest of 84.
Post hoc test results showed the highest average interest was at endorphin levels> 137, then endorphin
levels 78-137, and the lowest at endorphin levels 18-77. The difference in the average value of interest between
endorphin levels> 137 and endorphin levels 18-77 is 23,214. The difference in the average value of interest
between endorphin levels> 137 and endorphin levels 78-137 was 16,423. and the difference in the average value
of interest between endorphin levels 78-137 and endorphin levels 18-77 of 6,792.
Furthermore, to see the correlation or the relationship between -endorphins with the interests of
students using the Spearman correlation test. This is because the Kolmogoriv-Smirnov normality test shows a
significance value of p <0.00 which means it is not normally distributed so it is not feasible to use the Pearson
metric test.
The results of the correlation of beta endorphins and interests can be seen in Table 1.6 below.
Table 1.6 Correlation of Beta Endorphin Hormone Levels on Medical Students Interest to study Biochemistry
Endorphin Interest Correlation Spearman
83 83 0.000
The data normality test results above show the Shapiro-Wilk test has a sig value of four data at ρ <0.05.
it means that the four groups of data are not normally distributed, then the right correlation test is the non-
parametric correlation test (Spearman Test). Spearman correlation test results showed a correlation between
variables with each value ρ <α (0.05).
4. Problem-Based Learning Strategy to Improve Medical Students’ Interest in Biochemistry Course
|Volume 2| Issue 1 | www.ijmcer.com Page 4
Based on the results of the research above shows the correlation between endorphins levels and
students' interest in studying biochemistry. -endorphin hormone influences students' interest in studying
biochemistry courses. Table 1.6 shows that the Spearman test obtained P values <0.005. This means that there is
a correlation between -endorphin hormones and student interests. The higher levels of the beta endorphin
hormone the higher the interest in studying biochemistry courses.
This is supported by a theory about the function of the hormone Endorphins which can increase
concentration. The endorphin hormone can produce euphoric feelings that are very similar to those produced by
other opioids. The hormone endorphins are most often released into the human body during stressful conditions
or in times of pain. The entry of endorphins into the system at the same time often causes nausea or nervous
feeling in the stomach. However, the number of endorphins released varies from one individual to another so
that an event that stimulates the secretion of this neurohormone can significantly increase endorphin levels in
some people but not always in others.13
In addition to stress and pain, endorphin secretion is also triggered by the consumption of certain foods,
such as chocolate and chili. Indeed, the increased characteristic of body endorphin levels caused by chocolate is
believed to play an important role which states that chocolate is a portion of comfort food in times of stress.
Also, due to the release of endorphins associated with chili, causing chili has been used in a variety of medical
treatments, especially as part of therapy for chronic pain. Several types of physical activity, especially aerobics,
have also been linked to increased endorphin secretion in recent years. Undergoing massage or acupuncture
therapy is also believed to stimulate the production of this hormone. 14,15
In the field of psychiatry, experiments on the use of endorphins as a therapy for mental disorders have
been carried out. The synthetic endorphin hormone is injected or given intravenously in patients with depression
and schizophrenia. After being administered intravenously, the patient is assessed and measured the level of
behavior change that results. The result is depressed patients can experience significant improvement in
behavior within two to four hours after treatment using beta-endorphin. However, endorphin treatment did not
show significant changes in schizophrenia patients. 16,17
. Low levels of endorphins can cause personality
disorders, especially in the regulation of mood and mood. Endorphin deficiency is known to be associated with
several disorders such as depression, the low excitatory threshold for excitatory pain and chronic pain sensations
that are not clear causes. 17
Symptoms that arise when a person experiences depression due to lack of
endorphins, among others, the emergence of feelings of sadness and depression, which continues - constantly,
decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, feeling that he is not useful, in severe conditions ideas can arise to end life
immediately or commit suicide.17
The interest of students has a role in giving birth which will automatically facilitate the creation of
concentration to prevent distraction from outside attention. Interest in learning is a positive attitude that can
sometimes occur in students. This condition must be suppressed as much as possible, meaning that students
must be endeavored to experience a comfortable, calm and enjoyable condition in learning. So that students
have a great interest in conducting teaching and learning activities. The high interest in learning will be able to
follow the learning process well so that he will be able to produce the best performance in their learning. 7,8,9
IV. CONCLUSION
Problem-based learning strategy effective to improve the medical students’ interest to study
biochemistry. The level of -endorphin affected students’ interest to study. The higher levels of endorphin
students study more serious than students with a lower level of endorphin. It can be concluded that there is a
correlation between endorphins levels and students' interest in studying biochemistry.
References
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[7]. Slameto. 2010. Belajar dan Faktor -faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta
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[8]. Sirait E.D. 2016. Pengaruh Minat Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika. Jurnal Formatif, 6
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[12]. Konkel, L. Everyday Health (2015). What Are Endorphins?
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Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, pp. 247–250.
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major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. JAMA Psychiatry
72: 603–611.