3. Rule 1:Rule 1: Know theKnow the generalgeneral rulerule
governing pronoun agreement.governing pronoun agreement.
Rule 1:Rule 1: Know theKnow the generalgeneral rulerule
governing pronoun agreement.governing pronoun agreement.
A pronoun must agree with its
antecedent.
A pronoun must agree with its
antecedent.
TheThe antecedentantecedent is usually ais usually a nounnoun that thethat the
pronounpronoun replacesreplaces. For example, you can. For example, you can
replacereplace Mrs. HillMrs. Hill withwith sheshe oror herher, the, the
studentsstudents withwith theythey oror themthem..
TheThe antecedentantecedent is usually ais usually a nounnoun that thethat the
pronounpronoun replacesreplaces. For example, you can. For example, you can
replacereplace Mrs. HillMrs. Hill withwith sheshe oror herher, the, the
studentsstudents withwith theythey oror themthem..
4. Here are two examples:Here are two examples:Here are two examples:Here are two examples:
TheThe lizardlizard lickedlicked
itsits eyeball.eyeball.
TheThe lizardslizards lickedlicked
theirtheir eyeballs.eyeballs.
LizardLizard = singular antecedent= singular antecedent
itsits = singular pronoun= singular pronoun
LizardsLizards = plural antecedent= plural antecedent
theirtheir = plural pronoun= plural pronoun
5. Know the difference betweenKnow the difference between
thesethese singularsingular andand pluralplural
personal pronouns.personal pronouns.
Know the difference betweenKnow the difference between
thesethese singularsingular andand pluralplural
personal pronouns.personal pronouns.
Singular
He, she, itHe, she, it
Him, her, itHim, her, it
His, hers, itsHis, hers, its
Himself, herself,Himself, herself,
itselfitself
Singular
He, she, itHe, she, it
Him, her, itHim, her, it
His, hers, itsHis, hers, its
Himself, herself,Himself, herself,
itselfitself
Plural
TheyThey
ThemThem
Their, theirsTheir, theirs
ThemselvesThemselves
Plural
TheyThey
ThemThem
Their, theirsTheir, theirs
ThemselvesThemselves
6. Do not confuseDo not confuse
it’sit’s withwith itsits..
Do not confuseDo not confuse
it’sit’s withwith itsits..
• It’sIt’s [with an apostrophe] means[with an apostrophe] means it isit is oror it hasit has..
• ItsIts [without an apostrophe] means[without an apostrophe] means belonging tobelonging to
itit——for example,for example, itsits bowl,bowl, itsits sharp teeth,sharp teeth, itsits longlong
claws, etc.claws, etc.
• Possessive pronouns—Possessive pronouns—unlikeunlike possessive nounspossessive nouns
—do—do notnot need an apostrophe with theneed an apostrophe with the
finalfinal ss..
7. Two [or more] singular things joined byTwo [or more] singular things joined by andand
become abecome a pluralplural antecedent.antecedent.
Two [or more] singular things joined byTwo [or more] singular things joined by andand
become abecome a pluralplural antecedent.antecedent.
Rule 2, Part 1:Rule 2, Part 1: The conjunctionThe conjunction aandnd
can cause problems with pronouncan cause problems with pronoun
agreement.agreement.
Rule 2, Part 1:Rule 2, Part 1: The conjunctionThe conjunction aandnd
can cause problems with pronouncan cause problems with pronoun
agreement.agreement.
The new puppy and kitten have destroyed their
owner’s sofa.
The new puppy and kitten have destroyed their
owner’s sofa.
8. Rule 2, Part 2:Rule 2, Part 2: WhenWhen eacheach oror
everyevery precedes twoprecedes two [[or moreor more]]
singular things joined bysingular things joined by andand, a, a
singularsingular antecedent is formed.antecedent is formed.
Rule 2, Part 2:Rule 2, Part 2: WhenWhen eacheach oror
everyevery precedes twoprecedes two [[or moreor more]]
singular things joined bysingular things joined by andand, a, a
singularsingular antecedent is formed.antecedent is formed.
Each new puppy and kitten destroys
its owner’s sofa.
Each new puppy and kitten destroys
its owner’s sofa.
9. In this situation, no matterIn this situation, no matter how manyhow many
singular nouns that you join withsingular nouns that you join with andand,,
the antecedent isthe antecedent is stillstill singular.singular.
In this situation, no matterIn this situation, no matter how manyhow many
singular nouns that you join withsingular nouns that you join with andand,,
the antecedent isthe antecedent is stillstill singular.singular.
Each new puppy, kitten, rabbit, tarantula,
python, parrot, iguana, and ferret
destroys its owner’s sofa.
Each new puppy, kitten, rabbit, tarantula,
python, parrot, iguana, and ferret
destroys its owner’s sofa.
10. Rule 3:Rule 3: Use caution with these threeUse caution with these three
correlative conjunctions:correlative conjunctions: either … oreither … or,,
neither … norneither … nor, and, and not only … but alsonot only … but also..
Rule 3:Rule 3: Use caution with these threeUse caution with these three
correlative conjunctions:correlative conjunctions: either … oreither … or,,
neither … norneither … nor, and, and not only … but alsonot only … but also..
Of the two antecedents
in the sentence, the
pronoun must agree with
the closer one.
Of the two antecedents
in the sentence, the
pronoun must agree with
the closer one.
11. Here are two examples:Here are two examples:Here are two examples:Here are two examples:
++ ==
Not only Louise but also the Smiths fixed their
famous squid eyeball stew for the picnic.
Not only Louise but also the Smiths fixed their
famous squid eyeball stew for the picnic.
Not only the Smiths but also Louise fixed her
famous squid eyeball stew for the picnic.
Not only the Smiths but also Louise fixed her
famous squid eyeball stew for the picnic.
12. Indefinite pronounsIndefinite pronouns causecause
the biggest headaches forthe biggest headaches for
pronoun agreement.pronoun agreement.
Indefinite pronounsIndefinite pronouns causecause
the biggest headaches forthe biggest headaches for
pronoun agreement.pronoun agreement.
13. Rule 4, Part 1:Rule 4, Part 1: TheseThese indefiniteindefinite
pronounspronouns are alwaysare always singularsingular
[[even when theyeven when they seemseem pluralplural]]..
Rule 4, Part 1:Rule 4, Part 1: TheseThese indefiniteindefinite
pronounspronouns are alwaysare always singularsingular
[[even when theyeven when they seemseem pluralplural]]..
• Each, either, neitherEach, either, neither
• Anyone, anybody, anythingAnyone, anybody, anything
• Everyone, everybody, everythingEveryone, everybody, everything
• No one, nobody, nothingNo one, nobody, nothing
• Someone, somebody, somethingSomeone, somebody, something
• Each, either, neitherEach, either, neither
• Anyone, anybody, anythingAnyone, anybody, anything
• Everyone, everybody, everythingEveryone, everybody, everything
• No one, nobody, nothingNo one, nobody, nothing
• Someone, somebody, somethingSomeone, somebody, something
14. EveryoneEveryone on Earth =on Earth = more thanmore than one person—one person—
billionsbillions of people, in fact.of people, in fact.
The wordThe word everyoneeveryone, however, is still, however, is still singularsingular
and requires aand requires a singular pronounsingular pronoun for agreement.for agreement.
15. Neither of my two brothers shows much sense
when he dates women. [Neither = singular.]
Neither of my two brothers shows much sense
when he dates women. [Neither = singular.]
Neither of my two brothers show much sense
when they date women.
Neither of my two brothers show much sense
when they date women.
This sentence mightThis sentence might
soundsound right, but it isright, but it is
completely wrong!completely wrong!
This sentence mightThis sentence might
soundsound right, but it isright, but it is
completely wrong!completely wrong!
Read this example:Read this example:Read this example:Read this example:
17. Now imagine a parked car like this one:Now imagine a parked car like this one:
18. The sentence belowThe sentence below soundssounds natural but has an error.natural but has an error.The sentence belowThe sentence below soundssounds natural but has an error.natural but has an error.
Rule 4, Part 2:Rule 4, Part 2: When fixing anWhen fixing an
agreement error, try to avoidagreement error, try to avoid
sexist languagesexist language that mightthat might
offendoffend your readers.your readers.
Rule 4, Part 2:Rule 4, Part 2: When fixing anWhen fixing an
agreement error, try to avoidagreement error, try to avoid
sexist languagesexist language that mightthat might
offendoffend your readers.your readers.
Someone left their lights on.Someone left their lights on.
19. In the 1950s, rule books wouldIn the 1950s, rule books would
have recommended using thehave recommended using the
masculinemasculine pronoun exclusively.pronoun exclusively.
In the 1950s, rule books wouldIn the 1950s, rule books would
have recommended using thehave recommended using the
masculinemasculine pronoun exclusively.pronoun exclusively.
Oh, my!
Someone left
his lights on.
Oh, my!
Someone left
his lights on.
20. In the 1970s, after criticism fromIn the 1970s, after criticism from
feminists and civil rights activists, rulefeminists and civil rights activists, rule
books next suggested usingbooks next suggested using bothboth
genders so thatgenders so that males and femalesmales and females hadhad
equal representationequal representation in the language.in the language.
In the 1970s, after criticism fromIn the 1970s, after criticism from
feminists and civil rights activists, rulefeminists and civil rights activists, rule
books next suggested usingbooks next suggested using bothboth
genders so thatgenders so that males and femalesmales and females hadhad
equal representationequal representation in the language.in the language.
Someone left
his or her
lights on.
Someone left
his or her
lights on.
I can see
them along
the watch
tower ...
I can see
them along
the watch
tower ...
21. A writer who beginsA writer who begins
withwith he or shehe or she oror him orhim or
herher will need to bewill need to be
consistent. But lookconsistent. But look
what happens .what happens .....
A writer who beginsA writer who begins
withwith he or shehe or she oror him orhim or
herher will need to bewill need to be
consistent. But lookconsistent. But look
what happens .what happens .....
22. Wanda Wrighter
Professor Pennington
ENC 1101
May 17, 2011
Student Success
If a student wants to improve his or her grades, he or she
should walk himself or herself over to the tutoring center. There,
he or she can request a tutor to help him or her with his or her
homework. This preparation for his or her class will ensure that
he or she is ready when taking his or her quizzes and exams. In
addition, the tutor might have old work to share. This way, the
student can find out himself/herself what to expect on the
assignments for a specific instructor that might change his/her
assignments rarely. Thus, the one thing that will insure the success
of a student is that he or she gets a tutor to help him or her.
Wanda Wrighter
Professor Pennington
ENC 1101
May 17, 2011
Student Success
If a student wants to improve his or her grades, he or she
should walk himself or herself over to the tutoring center. There,
he or she can request a tutor to help him or her with his or her
homework. This preparation for his or her class will ensure that
he or she is ready when taking his or her quizzes and exams. In
addition, the tutor might have old work to share. This way, the
student can find out himself/herself what to expect on the
assignments for a specific instructor that might change his/her
assignments rarely. Thus, the one thing that will insure the success
of a student is that he or she gets a tutor to help him or her.
Oh, the
horror!
Oh, the
horror!
23. In the 21In the 21stst
century, fix the errorcentury, fix the error
withoutwithout the annoying repetition.the annoying repetition.
In the 21In the 21stst
century, fix the errorcentury, fix the error
withoutwithout the annoying repetition.the annoying repetition.
There’s a car
with its
lights on.
There’s a car
with its
lights on.
Thankfully,
my wheels
don’t have
that
problem.
Thankfully,
my wheels
don’t have
that
problem.
24. Rule 4, Part 3:Rule 4, Part 3: Some indefiniteSome indefinite
pronouns arepronouns are singular or pluralsingular or plural,,
depending ondepending on contextcontext..
Rule 4, Part 3:Rule 4, Part 3: Some indefiniteSome indefinite
pronouns arepronouns are singular or pluralsingular or plural,,
depending ondepending on contextcontext..
• AllAll
• AnyAny
• NoneNone**
• MoreMore
• MostMost
• SomeSome
• AllAll
• AnyAny
• NoneNone**
• MoreMore
• MostMost
• SomeSome
AllAll of Beverly’s hairof Beverly’s hair
getsgets itsits color fromcolor from
a bottle.a bottle.
AllAll of Beverly’sof Beverly’s
fingernails getfingernails get theirtheir
color from a bottle.color from a bottle.
25. SomeSome groupsgroups of people, like aof people, like a juryjury, also, also
cause pronoun agreementcause pronoun agreement problemsproblems..
26. Rule 5:Rule 5: Collective nounsCollective nouns areare
singular or plural, depending onsingular or plural, depending on
contextcontext..
Rule 5:Rule 5: Collective nounsCollective nouns areare
singular or plural, depending onsingular or plural, depending on
contextcontext..
• Collective nouns are groups of people:Collective nouns are groups of people:
teamteam,, juryjury,, classclass,, committeecommittee,, armyarmy,,
familyfamily, etc., etc.
• If all members are actingIf all members are acting in unisonin unison, treat, treat
the collective noun asthe collective noun as singularsingular and use aand use a
singular pronounsingular pronoun..
• If, however, all members are actingIf, however, all members are acting
individuallyindividually, treat the noun as, treat the noun as pluralplural andand
use ause a plural pronounplural pronoun..
27. Read these examples:Read these examples:Read these examples:Read these examples:
The team celebrated its
victory.
The team celebrated its
victory.
The team changed into
their street clothes and
went home happy.
The team changed into
their street clothes and
went home happy.
28. When you cannotWhen you cannot decidedecide if theif the
collective noun is singular or plural,collective noun is singular or plural,
insert ainsert a plural nounplural noun after theafter the
collective noun, like this:collective noun, like this:
When you cannotWhen you cannot decidedecide if theif the
collective noun is singular or plural,collective noun is singular or plural,
insert ainsert a plural nounplural noun after theafter the
collective noun, like this:collective noun, like this:
The team members ran out onto the
field to meet their opponent.
The team members ran out onto the
field to meet their opponent.
29. Rule 6:Rule 6: CompaniesCompanies,, organizationsorganizations, and, and
schoolsschools areare singularsingular and thus requireand thus require
singularsingular pronouns.pronouns.
Rule 6:Rule 6: CompaniesCompanies,, organizationsorganizations, and, and
schoolsschools areare singularsingular and thus requireand thus require
singularsingular pronouns.pronouns.
One urban legend is that Tito’s Taco Palace
makes its burritos with kangaroo meat.
One urban legend is that Tito’s Taco Palace
makes its burritos with kangaroo meat.
The Pencil Enthusiast Society uses the
donations it receives to insure all writing
instruments have sharp points.
The Pencil Enthusiast Society uses the
donations it receives to insure all writing
instruments have sharp points.
Next year, Weaver College will try to solve its
parking woes by requiring students to buy a $75
parking decal.
Next year, Weaver College will try to solve its
parking woes by requiring students to buy a $75
parking decal.
30. Quick TestQuick TestQuick TestQuick Test
1. At the zoo, every lion, tiger,
leopard, bear, snake, and
crocodile roared their approval
when the mean child slipped in a
puddle and cracked his head on
the sidewalk.
1. At the zoo, every lion, tiger,
leopard, bear, snake, and
crocodile roared their approval
when the mean child slipped in a
puddle and cracked his head on
the sidewalk.
Directions:Directions: Find and fix the pronounFind and fix the pronoun
agreement errors.agreement errors.
1. At the zoo, every lion, tiger,
leopard, bear, snake, and
crocodile roared its approval
when the mean child slipped in a
puddle and cracked his head on
the sidewalk.
1. At the zoo, every lion, tiger,
leopard, bear, snake, and
crocodile roared its approval
when the mean child slipped in a
puddle and cracked his head on
the sidewalk.
31. 2.2. Each of those worriedEach of those worried
students is wondering how tostudents is wondering how to
cheat effectively on theircheat effectively on their
pronoun agreement quiz.pronoun agreement quiz.
2.2. Each of those worriedEach of those worried
students is wondering how tostudents is wondering how to
cheat effectively on theircheat effectively on their
pronoun agreement quiz.pronoun agreement quiz.
Or try this:Or try this: Those worriedThose worried
studentsstudents are wondering how to cheatare wondering how to cheat
effectively oneffectively on theirtheir pronounpronoun
agreement quiz.agreement quiz.
2.2. EachEach of those worriedof those worried
students is wondering how tostudents is wondering how to
cheat effectively oncheat effectively on hishis
pronoun agreement quiz.pronoun agreement quiz.
2.2. EachEach of those worriedof those worried
students is wondering how tostudents is wondering how to
cheat effectively oncheat effectively on hishis
pronoun agreement quiz.pronoun agreement quiz.
2.2. EachEach of those worriedof those worried
students is wondering how tostudents is wondering how to
cheat effectively oncheat effectively on herher
pronoun agreement quiz.pronoun agreement quiz.
2.2. EachEach of those worriedof those worried
students is wondering how tostudents is wondering how to
cheat effectively oncheat effectively on herher
pronoun agreement quiz.pronoun agreement quiz.
32. 3.3. Both Mrs. Williams and herBoth Mrs. Williams and her
students are happy to hearstudents are happy to hear
that they can order squidthat they can order squid
eyeball stew for theireyeball stew for their
lunch.lunch.
3.3. Both Mrs. Williams and herBoth Mrs. Williams and her
students are happy to hearstudents are happy to hear
that they can order squidthat they can order squid
eyeball stew for theireyeball stew for their
lunch.lunch.
Correct!Correct!
33. 4.4. Not only my two dogs but alsoNot only my two dogs but also
Buster the cat loves to eatBuster the cat loves to eat
pepperoni that I pull off mypepperoni that I pull off my
pizza to give to them.pizza to give to them.
4.4. Not only my two dogs but alsoNot only my two dogs but also
Buster the cat loves to eatBuster the cat loves to eat
pepperoni that I pull off mypepperoni that I pull off my
pizza to give to them.pizza to give to them.
Remember that theRemember that the closercloser of theof the
two antecedents counts:two antecedents counts: Not onlyNot only
Buster the catBuster the cat but alsobut also my twomy two
dogsdogs love to eat pepperoni that I pull offlove to eat pepperoni that I pull off
my pizza to give tomy pizza to give to themthem..
4.4. NotNot onlyonly my two dogsmy two dogs but alsobut also
Buster the cat loves to eatBuster the cat loves to eat
pepperoni that I pull off mypepperoni that I pull off my
pizza to give topizza to give to himhim..
4.4. NotNot onlyonly my two dogsmy two dogs but alsobut also
Buster the cat loves to eatBuster the cat loves to eat
pepperoni that I pull off mypepperoni that I pull off my
pizza to give topizza to give to himhim..
34. 5. Oh, no! Someone left their
greasy French fries on the
essay that I have to turn in to
Mrs. Neal next hour!
5. Oh, no! Someone left their
greasy French fries on the
essay that I have to turn in to
Mrs. Neal next hour!
Or try this:Or try this: Someone leftSomeone left greasygreasy
French friesFrench fries on the paper that I haveon the paper that I have
to turn in to Mrs. Neal next hour!to turn in to Mrs. Neal next hour!
5. Oh, no! Someone left his
greasy French fries on the
essay that I have to turn in to
Mrs. Neal next hour!
5. Oh, no! Someone left his
greasy French fries on the
essay that I have to turn in to
Mrs. Neal next hour!
5. Oh, no! Someone left her
greasy French fries on the
essay that I have to turn in to
Mrs. Neal next hour!
5. Oh, no! Someone left her
greasy French fries on the
essay that I have to turn in to
Mrs. Neal next hour!
35. 6.6. The class cheered theirThe class cheered their
approval when Dr. Shumanapproval when Dr. Shuman
postponed the frog dissectionpostponed the frog dissection
so that the students could goso that the students could go
home early on Fridayhome early on Friday
afternoon.afternoon.
6.6. The class cheered theirThe class cheered their
approval when Dr. Shumanapproval when Dr. Shuman
postponed the frog dissectionpostponed the frog dissection
so that the students could goso that the students could go
home early on Fridayhome early on Friday
afternoon.afternoon.
Or try this:Or try this: TheThe studentsstudents cheeredcheered
theirtheir approval when Dr. Shumanapproval when Dr. Shuman
postponed the frog dissection so thatpostponed the frog dissection so that
theythey could go home early .could go home early .....
6.6. TheThe classclass cheeredcheered itsits
approval when Dr. Shumanapproval when Dr. Shuman
postponed the frog dissectionpostponed the frog dissection
so that the students could goso that the students could go
home early on Fridayhome early on Friday
afternoon.afternoon.
6.6. TheThe classclass cheeredcheered itsits
approval when Dr. Shumanapproval when Dr. Shuman
postponed the frog dissectionpostponed the frog dissection
so that the students could goso that the students could go
home early on Fridayhome early on Friday
afternoon.afternoon.
36. 7.7. Nick loves Cluck-a-Buck, butNick loves Cluck-a-Buck, but
they use so much MSG asthey use so much MSG as
flavoring that he sneezes for anflavoring that he sneezes for an
hour after eating just ahour after eating just a
drumstick.drumstick.
7.7. Nick loves Cluck-a-Buck, butNick loves Cluck-a-Buck, but
they use so much MSG asthey use so much MSG as
flavoring that he sneezes for anflavoring that he sneezes for an
hour after eating just ahour after eating just a
drumstick.drumstick.
7.7. Nick lovesNick loves Cluck-a-BuckCluck-a-Buck, but, but
it usesit uses so much MSG asso much MSG as
flavoring that he sneezes for anflavoring that he sneezes for an
hour after eating just ahour after eating just a
drumstick.drumstick.
7.7. Nick lovesNick loves Cluck-a-BuckCluck-a-Buck, but, but
it usesit uses so much MSG asso much MSG as
flavoring that he sneezes for anflavoring that he sneezes for an
hour after eating just ahour after eating just a
drumstick.drumstick.
37. 8.8. None of Sabrina’s friends willNone of Sabrina’s friends will
give up one of his or hergive up one of his or her
pencils so that Sabrina, who ispencils so that Sabrina, who is
always unprepared, can takealways unprepared, can take
her pronoun agreement quizher pronoun agreement quiz
today.today.
8.8. None of Sabrina’s friends willNone of Sabrina’s friends will
give up one of his or hergive up one of his or her
pencils so that Sabrina, who ispencils so that Sabrina, who is
always unprepared, can takealways unprepared, can take
her pronoun agreement quizher pronoun agreement quiz
today.today.
8.8. NoneNone of Sabrina’s friends willof Sabrina’s friends will
give up one ofgive up one of theirtheir pencilspencils
so that Sabrina, who is alwaysso that Sabrina, who is always
unprepared, can take herunprepared, can take her
pronoun agreement quizpronoun agreement quiz
today.today.
8.8. NoneNone of Sabrina’s friends willof Sabrina’s friends will
give up one ofgive up one of theirtheir pencilspencils
so that Sabrina, who is alwaysso that Sabrina, who is always
unprepared, can take herunprepared, can take her
pronoun agreement quizpronoun agreement quiz
today.today.
38. 9.9. Either of those two shirts willEither of those two shirts will
enhance your brown eyes withenhance your brown eyes with
their vibrant colors.their vibrant colors.
9.9. Either of those two shirts willEither of those two shirts will
enhance your brown eyes withenhance your brown eyes with
their vibrant colors.their vibrant colors.
Or try this:Or try this: Both of those shirtsBoth of those shirts
will enhance your brown eyes withwill enhance your brown eyes with
theirtheir vibrant colors.vibrant colors.
9.9. EitherEither of those two shirts willof those two shirts will
enhance your brown eyes withenhance your brown eyes with
itsits vibrant colors.vibrant colors.
9.9. EitherEither of those two shirts willof those two shirts will
enhance your brown eyes withenhance your brown eyes with
itsits vibrant colors.vibrant colors.
39. 10.10.The committee unanimouslyThe committee unanimously
decided to impeach thedecided to impeach the
president because they couldpresident because they could
no longer stand his long-no longer stand his long-
winded speeches and unclearwinded speeches and unclear
policies.policies.
10.10.The committee unanimouslyThe committee unanimously
decided to impeach thedecided to impeach the
president because they couldpresident because they could
no longer stand his long-no longer stand his long-
winded speeches and unclearwinded speeches and unclear
policies.policies.
Or try this:Or try this: TheThe committeecommittee
membersmembers unanimously decided tounanimously decided to
impeach the president becauseimpeach the president because theythey
could no longer stand .could no longer stand .....
10.10.TheThe committeecommittee unanimouslyunanimously
decided to impeach thedecided to impeach the
president becausepresident because itit couldcould
no longer stand his long-no longer stand his long-
winded speeches and unclearwinded speeches and unclear
policies.policies.
10.10.TheThe committeecommittee unanimouslyunanimously
decided to impeach thedecided to impeach the
president becausepresident because itit couldcould
no longer stand his long-no longer stand his long-
winded speeches and unclearwinded speeches and unclear
policies.policies.
According to the Gregg Reference Manual, “In formal usage, none is still considered a singular pronoun. In general usage, however, none is considered singular or plural, depending on the number of the noun to which it refers. No one or not one is often used in place of none to stress the singular idea” (214).
According to Kolln and Funk’s Understanding English Grammar, “A more accurate way to assess its meaning is to recognize none as the negative, or opposite, of all and to treat it in the same way, with its number (whether singular or plural) determined by the number of the modifier or of the referent” (262).
According to the Gregg Reference Manual, “In formal usage, none is still considered a singular pronoun. In general usage, however, none is considered singular or plural, depending on the number of the noun to which it refers. No one or not one is often used in place of none to stress the singular idea” (214).
According to Kolln and Funk’s Understanding English Grammar, “A more accurate way to assess its meaning is to recognize none as the negative, or opposite, of all and to treat it in the same way, with its number (whether singular or plural) determined by the number of the modifier or of the referent” (262).