The document summarizes several large UK government databases containing personal information on citizens and outlines data protection and privacy standards. It notes that many government databases contain sensitive personal information on identity, health, criminal justice and social security for millions of individuals. However, only 5 of 46 databases reviewed met standards of having interference with private life be based on clear and precise law and limiting access of data to those with a legitimate need. The document argues privacy impact assessments are needed earlier in policy development and sensitive personal data should only be shared with consent or for a specific lawful purpose.
The document discusses data retention policies in the UK following the September 11th attacks. It outlines legislation introduced in 2001 allowing communication service providers to retain user data for purposes related to national security. An EU directive from 2002 permits member states to require limited data retention by law. UK regulations exempted national security from data retention limits. Proposed voluntary and mandatory codes of practice outlined retaining subscriber and call data for up to 12 months, but faced opposition from privacy groups and ISPs. Parliament recommended dropping mandatory retention plans and developing an appropriate alternative with industry. The Home Office maintained data could still be accessed for security purposes if retained voluntarily. Remaining questions concerned reconciling data retention with privacy rights and acceptable costs.
Communications data retention in an evolving Internetblogzilla
This document discusses communications data retention and access in the context of an evolving internet. It outlines key issues including how data retention is being used and whether it is proportionate given changing internet usage patterns and surveillance techniques. The document also examines recent court decisions questioning data retention and proposes ways to update requirements to balance law enforcement needs with privacy protections.
Transatlantic data flows following the Schrems II judgmentblogzilla
Brief summary of Ian Brown and Douwe Korff’s study for the European Parliament Civil Liberties Committee, presented at a committee hearing on 9 November 2021
33rd TWNIC IP OPM: Legal cooperation to overcome jurisdictional and territori...APNIC
APNIC General Counsel Craig Ng discusses legal cooperation to overcome jurisdictional and territorial limits in cybercrime investigations at the 33rd TWNIC IP OPM in Taipei, Taiwan, on 5 December 2019.
Data Protection and Academia: Fundamental Rights in ConflictDavid Erdos
This keynote talk to Norwegian National Conference on Research Ethics on 18 September 2018 explored the tension between European data protection norms and the nature of much of academic work, focusing on problems as regards the basic model of data management, the notion of critical inquiry and the need in some circumstances to resort to covert methods. It argued that the "historical and scientific research purposes" provisions in Article 89 of the GDPR largely fail to address these difficulties and stressed the centrality of the protections for "academic expression" including alongside journalism in Article 89 which is correctly predicated on reconciling data protection with the fundamental right to freedom of expression.
Data Protection and Journalism: The Changing LandscapeDavid Erdos
These slides provide an overview of the changing landscape for data protection and journalism in decade or so since the Leveson Inquiry. As well as detailing the core public interest and incompatibility tests, they look at developments in case law, at the ICO and under the GDPR and DPA 2018. They are intended to provide background to the ICO consultation on a data protection and journalism code of practice which runs until 10 January 2022.
The document summarizes several large UK government databases containing personal information on citizens and outlines data protection and privacy standards. It notes that many government databases contain sensitive personal information on identity, health, criminal justice and social security for millions of individuals. However, only 5 of 46 databases reviewed met standards of having interference with private life be based on clear and precise law and limiting access of data to those with a legitimate need. The document argues privacy impact assessments are needed earlier in policy development and sensitive personal data should only be shared with consent or for a specific lawful purpose.
The document discusses data retention policies in the UK following the September 11th attacks. It outlines legislation introduced in 2001 allowing communication service providers to retain user data for purposes related to national security. An EU directive from 2002 permits member states to require limited data retention by law. UK regulations exempted national security from data retention limits. Proposed voluntary and mandatory codes of practice outlined retaining subscriber and call data for up to 12 months, but faced opposition from privacy groups and ISPs. Parliament recommended dropping mandatory retention plans and developing an appropriate alternative with industry. The Home Office maintained data could still be accessed for security purposes if retained voluntarily. Remaining questions concerned reconciling data retention with privacy rights and acceptable costs.
Communications data retention in an evolving Internetblogzilla
This document discusses communications data retention and access in the context of an evolving internet. It outlines key issues including how data retention is being used and whether it is proportionate given changing internet usage patterns and surveillance techniques. The document also examines recent court decisions questioning data retention and proposes ways to update requirements to balance law enforcement needs with privacy protections.
Transatlantic data flows following the Schrems II judgmentblogzilla
Brief summary of Ian Brown and Douwe Korff’s study for the European Parliament Civil Liberties Committee, presented at a committee hearing on 9 November 2021
33rd TWNIC IP OPM: Legal cooperation to overcome jurisdictional and territori...APNIC
APNIC General Counsel Craig Ng discusses legal cooperation to overcome jurisdictional and territorial limits in cybercrime investigations at the 33rd TWNIC IP OPM in Taipei, Taiwan, on 5 December 2019.
Data Protection and Academia: Fundamental Rights in ConflictDavid Erdos
This keynote talk to Norwegian National Conference on Research Ethics on 18 September 2018 explored the tension between European data protection norms and the nature of much of academic work, focusing on problems as regards the basic model of data management, the notion of critical inquiry and the need in some circumstances to resort to covert methods. It argued that the "historical and scientific research purposes" provisions in Article 89 of the GDPR largely fail to address these difficulties and stressed the centrality of the protections for "academic expression" including alongside journalism in Article 89 which is correctly predicated on reconciling data protection with the fundamental right to freedom of expression.
Data Protection and Journalism: The Changing LandscapeDavid Erdos
These slides provide an overview of the changing landscape for data protection and journalism in decade or so since the Leveson Inquiry. As well as detailing the core public interest and incompatibility tests, they look at developments in case law, at the ICO and under the GDPR and DPA 2018. They are intended to provide background to the ICO consultation on a data protection and journalism code of practice which runs until 10 January 2022.
The GDPR applies extraterritorially to organizations outside the EU if they offer goods or services to individuals in the EU or monitor the behavior of individuals in the EU. It applies if an organization's activities are directed at EU individuals, as determined by factors like language used, currencies accepted, and mentions of EU customers. Monitoring behavior includes online tracking, profiling for advertising or risk assessment, and location tracking via devices. Organizations subject to the GDPR must appoint a representative in the EU to act as an intermediary for data subjects. Exceptions exist for occasional processing or if the organization is a public authority. Enforcement of the GDPR against overseas organizations remains unclear.
The document outlines key aspects of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation in Ireland, including both positive features and limitations. Positives included broad scope and coverage of public bodies, exemptions requiring a harm test, and independent review mechanisms. Limitations were narrower scope excluding some bodies, exemptions not all requiring harm tests, and subsequent amendments weakening the act by expanding exemptions and introducing fees. The FOI act has been used extensively by both individuals and journalists to reveal issues of public interest. Lessons for other countries include passing strong initial FOI laws and maintaining independent oversight to prevent backsliding.
The UK Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) was adopted in 2000 and fully implemented in 2005 across all UK public authorities simultaneously. This led to initial problems with delays and backlogs in responding to requests. Lessons learned include the need for adequate resources for oversight bodies like the Information Commissioner's Office to promote awareness and compliance. Civil society played an important role through media involvement, advocacy, and litigation to support effective FOIA implementation over time.
The document discusses freedom of information and open government. It summarizes the benefits of open government to the public, including businesses, and to the government. It also discusses how freedom of information laws affect businesses by requiring public disclosure of some information they submit to the government. While freedom of information laws protect trade secrets and confidential commercial information from disclosure, the meaning and scope of these exemptions has been interpreted by courts through many cases.
Data Privacy vs. National Security post Safe HarborGayle Gorvett
Recent Developments in Transatlantic Data Privacy regulation including adoption of Privacy Shield, GDPR and increasing requests for data access for National Security
New Media Internet Expression and European Data ProtectionDavid Erdos
The document discusses the expansive interpretations of EU data protection law adopted by the CJEU and European data protection authorities (DPAs) and their implications for internet actors. It notes that while the formal legal stance is broad, enforcement of data protection against expression has been limited and sporadic. It also discusses how an enforcement focus can lead DPAs to issue guidance that conflicts with their broad interpretative stance, as seen with guidelines on search engines after the Google Spain ruling.
Reconciling Humanities and Social Science Research With Data ProtectionDavid Erdos
Humanities and social science research contribute enormously to collective public knowledge and discussion. Such activity will almost invariably involve the processing of personal information and will, therefore, trigger the application of EU data protection law including the forthcoming General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This presentation argues that the GDPR’s default provisions – especially as regards the presumption of consent for sensitive data, data subject notification rules and strict discipline provisions – pose an acute threat to such activity. Moreover, whilst the research derogations (Art. 89) ameliorate a few of the issues, they are principally designed for work based on a highly structured, predetermined and largely fiduciary model such as is common in bio-medicine. As recognised by a wide variety of research organizations during debate on the GDPR (including the Wellcome Trust and UK Economic and Social Research Council), given that social/humanities scholarship is intrinsically linked to public knowledge and discussion, it should in fact benefit not just from these research derogations but also from the more permissive (but not absolute) derogations for free speech. The GDPR now recognises this but granting free speech protection for “academic expression” alongside that of journalism, literature and art (Art. 85 (2)). (N.B. These slides are based on a talk given at the University of Hong Kong “Positioning Privacy and Transparency in Data-intensive Research and Data-drive Regulation” on 8 November 2016).
Know your rights protection against facial recognition software.Diganth Raj Sehgal
This document summarizes rights related to facial recognition software and data protection laws. It discusses how facial recognition data is considered sensitive personal data under Indian law. It also outlines the right to privacy under the Indian Constitution and key related legislations in India like the IT Act, Consumer Protection Act, and pending Personal Data Protection Bill. Additionally, it reviews positions on facial recognition data in other regions like the EU, California, and under the US Biometric Information Privacy Act.
1. The document discusses the evolution of data privacy regulations between the EU and US from the EU Data Privacy Directive in 1995 to the Safe Harbor Framework in 2000.
2. The EU Data Privacy Directive established regulations around the collection and processing of personal data within the EU. It also sought to limit the transfer of personal data to non-EU countries unless they ensured an "adequate level of protection".
3. In response, the Safe Harbor Framework was adopted in 2000 and established 7 principles (notice, choice, onward transfer, security, data integrity, access, and enforcement) that US companies could follow to be deemed as providing an "adequate level of protection" and be allowed to receive personal data from the
The document discusses the impact of data breaches on public trust. It notes that the loss of 25 million records by HM Revenue & Customs had a dramatic impact on public trust in the UK, as did other events such as the Northern Rock crisis. Surveys found significant public concern over data protection and the sharing of personal information, even for purposes such as counter-terrorism and medical research. Data breaches have had long-lasting, damaging effects on trust in government and businesses.
Electronic Surveillance of Communications 100225Klamberg
The document discusses electronic surveillance of communications and legislation around signal intelligence. It provides context on changes in technology and threats that created demands for new legislation. It describes how signal intelligence works, including intercepting messages and metadata, as well as traffic analysis and social network analysis. Legislation in Sweden and other countries regulates agencies conducting signal intelligence and their mandates, clients, and oversight. Key aspects of Swedish law include the Defence Radio Establishment's mandate for surveillance, its clients and review mechanisms, methods like traffic analysis, and the scope of interception and data collection.
Explain in brief the enforcement of Data Protection. [#26]Kamal Thakur
The document discusses enforcement of data protection laws in the UK. It notes that if the Information Commissioner finds that a data controller has breached data protection laws, they will issue an enforcement notice to correct the issue. Failure to comply is an offense and can result in fines or legal proceedings. The data protection act has special provisions for journalism and media that allow holding personal data if necessary for freedom of expression, but journalists must still act as data controllers. Enforcement can be challenging for data transferred across borders.
This document contains questions for a panel discussion on issues related to government investigations and electronic discovery. It addresses topics such as ensuring relevant information is not withheld, complying with investigations adequately without excessive costs, avoiding criminal prosecution for document destruction, the impact of a recent court decision on search warrants, forms of production, coordinating multi-jurisdiction investigations, dealing with foreign privacy laws, the government's broad investigative requests, and the role of federal evidence rules in reducing costs and expediting compliance.
Privacy Report: Romania – from the DP Act to the Constitutional Court decisio...bmanolea
This document summarizes privacy issues in Romania, including a background on data protection laws and the activities of the Romanian Data Protection Authority (DPA). It discusses several ongoing privacy issues such as biometric passports, DNA databases, and data retention laws. Recent developments include a constitutional court challenge to Romania's data retention law and a lack of public awareness about privacy protections among Romanian citizens, especially youth. The DPA is seen as needing more resources and a stronger mandate to properly oversee privacy laws and increase public education.
The document discusses several issues related to privacy and data protection in the UK, including data breaches at HMRC that exposed personal information of 25 million people, public concerns over large government databases like the NHS National Programme for IT and the ContactPoint database for children, debates around the purposes and efficacy of the proposed UK National Identity Scheme, and arguments that privacy engineering principles are needed to properly address privacy and data protection challenges from new technologies.
- The National DNA Database (NDNAD) in the UK stores DNA profiles of criminals and other individuals, including volunteers, victims, and those arrested but not convicted of crimes.
- The European Court of Human Rights ruled in 2008 that indefinitely retaining DNA profiles of non-convicted individuals violated privacy rights.
- In response, the 2012 Protection of Freedoms Act established limits on retaining DNA profiles, requiring deletion within 6 months except for ongoing court cases, and setting retention periods of 3-5 years depending on the seriousness of the suspected offense.
The GDPR applies extraterritorially to organizations outside the EU if they offer goods or services to individuals in the EU or monitor the behavior of individuals in the EU. It applies if an organization's activities are directed at EU individuals, as determined by factors like language used, currencies accepted, and mentions of EU customers. Monitoring behavior includes online tracking, profiling for advertising or risk assessment, and location tracking via devices. Organizations subject to the GDPR must appoint a representative in the EU to act as an intermediary for data subjects. Exceptions exist for occasional processing or if the organization is a public authority. Enforcement of the GDPR against overseas organizations remains unclear.
The document outlines key aspects of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation in Ireland, including both positive features and limitations. Positives included broad scope and coverage of public bodies, exemptions requiring a harm test, and independent review mechanisms. Limitations were narrower scope excluding some bodies, exemptions not all requiring harm tests, and subsequent amendments weakening the act by expanding exemptions and introducing fees. The FOI act has been used extensively by both individuals and journalists to reveal issues of public interest. Lessons for other countries include passing strong initial FOI laws and maintaining independent oversight to prevent backsliding.
The UK Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) was adopted in 2000 and fully implemented in 2005 across all UK public authorities simultaneously. This led to initial problems with delays and backlogs in responding to requests. Lessons learned include the need for adequate resources for oversight bodies like the Information Commissioner's Office to promote awareness and compliance. Civil society played an important role through media involvement, advocacy, and litigation to support effective FOIA implementation over time.
The document discusses freedom of information and open government. It summarizes the benefits of open government to the public, including businesses, and to the government. It also discusses how freedom of information laws affect businesses by requiring public disclosure of some information they submit to the government. While freedom of information laws protect trade secrets and confidential commercial information from disclosure, the meaning and scope of these exemptions has been interpreted by courts through many cases.
Data Privacy vs. National Security post Safe HarborGayle Gorvett
Recent Developments in Transatlantic Data Privacy regulation including adoption of Privacy Shield, GDPR and increasing requests for data access for National Security
New Media Internet Expression and European Data ProtectionDavid Erdos
The document discusses the expansive interpretations of EU data protection law adopted by the CJEU and European data protection authorities (DPAs) and their implications for internet actors. It notes that while the formal legal stance is broad, enforcement of data protection against expression has been limited and sporadic. It also discusses how an enforcement focus can lead DPAs to issue guidance that conflicts with their broad interpretative stance, as seen with guidelines on search engines after the Google Spain ruling.
Reconciling Humanities and Social Science Research With Data ProtectionDavid Erdos
Humanities and social science research contribute enormously to collective public knowledge and discussion. Such activity will almost invariably involve the processing of personal information and will, therefore, trigger the application of EU data protection law including the forthcoming General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This presentation argues that the GDPR’s default provisions – especially as regards the presumption of consent for sensitive data, data subject notification rules and strict discipline provisions – pose an acute threat to such activity. Moreover, whilst the research derogations (Art. 89) ameliorate a few of the issues, they are principally designed for work based on a highly structured, predetermined and largely fiduciary model such as is common in bio-medicine. As recognised by a wide variety of research organizations during debate on the GDPR (including the Wellcome Trust and UK Economic and Social Research Council), given that social/humanities scholarship is intrinsically linked to public knowledge and discussion, it should in fact benefit not just from these research derogations but also from the more permissive (but not absolute) derogations for free speech. The GDPR now recognises this but granting free speech protection for “academic expression” alongside that of journalism, literature and art (Art. 85 (2)). (N.B. These slides are based on a talk given at the University of Hong Kong “Positioning Privacy and Transparency in Data-intensive Research and Data-drive Regulation” on 8 November 2016).
Know your rights protection against facial recognition software.Diganth Raj Sehgal
This document summarizes rights related to facial recognition software and data protection laws. It discusses how facial recognition data is considered sensitive personal data under Indian law. It also outlines the right to privacy under the Indian Constitution and key related legislations in India like the IT Act, Consumer Protection Act, and pending Personal Data Protection Bill. Additionally, it reviews positions on facial recognition data in other regions like the EU, California, and under the US Biometric Information Privacy Act.
1. The document discusses the evolution of data privacy regulations between the EU and US from the EU Data Privacy Directive in 1995 to the Safe Harbor Framework in 2000.
2. The EU Data Privacy Directive established regulations around the collection and processing of personal data within the EU. It also sought to limit the transfer of personal data to non-EU countries unless they ensured an "adequate level of protection".
3. In response, the Safe Harbor Framework was adopted in 2000 and established 7 principles (notice, choice, onward transfer, security, data integrity, access, and enforcement) that US companies could follow to be deemed as providing an "adequate level of protection" and be allowed to receive personal data from the
The document discusses the impact of data breaches on public trust. It notes that the loss of 25 million records by HM Revenue & Customs had a dramatic impact on public trust in the UK, as did other events such as the Northern Rock crisis. Surveys found significant public concern over data protection and the sharing of personal information, even for purposes such as counter-terrorism and medical research. Data breaches have had long-lasting, damaging effects on trust in government and businesses.
Electronic Surveillance of Communications 100225Klamberg
The document discusses electronic surveillance of communications and legislation around signal intelligence. It provides context on changes in technology and threats that created demands for new legislation. It describes how signal intelligence works, including intercepting messages and metadata, as well as traffic analysis and social network analysis. Legislation in Sweden and other countries regulates agencies conducting signal intelligence and their mandates, clients, and oversight. Key aspects of Swedish law include the Defence Radio Establishment's mandate for surveillance, its clients and review mechanisms, methods like traffic analysis, and the scope of interception and data collection.
Explain in brief the enforcement of Data Protection. [#26]Kamal Thakur
The document discusses enforcement of data protection laws in the UK. It notes that if the Information Commissioner finds that a data controller has breached data protection laws, they will issue an enforcement notice to correct the issue. Failure to comply is an offense and can result in fines or legal proceedings. The data protection act has special provisions for journalism and media that allow holding personal data if necessary for freedom of expression, but journalists must still act as data controllers. Enforcement can be challenging for data transferred across borders.
This document contains questions for a panel discussion on issues related to government investigations and electronic discovery. It addresses topics such as ensuring relevant information is not withheld, complying with investigations adequately without excessive costs, avoiding criminal prosecution for document destruction, the impact of a recent court decision on search warrants, forms of production, coordinating multi-jurisdiction investigations, dealing with foreign privacy laws, the government's broad investigative requests, and the role of federal evidence rules in reducing costs and expediting compliance.
Privacy Report: Romania – from the DP Act to the Constitutional Court decisio...bmanolea
This document summarizes privacy issues in Romania, including a background on data protection laws and the activities of the Romanian Data Protection Authority (DPA). It discusses several ongoing privacy issues such as biometric passports, DNA databases, and data retention laws. Recent developments include a constitutional court challenge to Romania's data retention law and a lack of public awareness about privacy protections among Romanian citizens, especially youth. The DPA is seen as needing more resources and a stronger mandate to properly oversee privacy laws and increase public education.
The document discusses several issues related to privacy and data protection in the UK, including data breaches at HMRC that exposed personal information of 25 million people, public concerns over large government databases like the NHS National Programme for IT and the ContactPoint database for children, debates around the purposes and efficacy of the proposed UK National Identity Scheme, and arguments that privacy engineering principles are needed to properly address privacy and data protection challenges from new technologies.
- The National DNA Database (NDNAD) in the UK stores DNA profiles of criminals and other individuals, including volunteers, victims, and those arrested but not convicted of crimes.
- The European Court of Human Rights ruled in 2008 that indefinitely retaining DNA profiles of non-convicted individuals violated privacy rights.
- In response, the 2012 Protection of Freedoms Act established limits on retaining DNA profiles, requiring deletion within 6 months except for ongoing court cases, and setting retention periods of 3-5 years depending on the seriousness of the suspected offense.
This document summarizes the changes to health information privacy laws and policies in Australia over the past decade as health records have increasingly moved to digital formats. It notes that while legislation and regulations have increased to enhance privacy protections, there have still been relatively few actual privacy breaches reported. However, concerns remain regarding privacy as individuals' health information becomes more digitally accessible and shared. The role of Health Information Managers in governing electronic health records and ensuring privacy is also discussed.
[DSC Adria 23]Josema Cavanillas How To Mitigate the Exposure Risk in Clinical...DataScienceConferenc1
Medical Data is a very sensitive element, whose exposure may bring unexpected risks. Your data is much more exposed than you think, and I am proposing ways to mitigate that.
E. Bryan - E-Governance and Personal PrivacyEmerson Bryan
Critically discussion on the view that the government needs to track and store a citizen’s personal information in order to provide ‘a safe and secure society’ versus a citizen’s right to protect his/ her personal information
The Trilogue, consisting of the European Commission, European Parliament, and Council of Ministers, committed to adopting the EU Data Protection Regulation and related Police Directive by the end of 2015. The Rapporteur for the European Parliament said agreement could be reached by year's end if all parties compromise. Both directives will be negotiated together as a package. The parties will hold several meetings through July and September to work through the texts article by article. All sides expressed optimism that the tight deadline can be achieved.
"Information Compliance - Freedom of Information, Data Protection and Librari...Terry O'Brien
"Information Compliance - FoI, data protection and libraries". Presentation given by Terry O'Brien at Joint English / Irish IIUG Conference, Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland, June 2009
Kanta services for healthcare: Prescription service and Patient Data RepositoryTHL
Kanta services for healthcare: Prescription service and Patient Data Repository.Outi Lehtokari, Development Manager, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
Konstantin Hyppönen, Chief Architect for Kanta Services, Kela (Social Insurance Institution, Finland). Webinar on Kanta Services 30 October 2019
The document discusses the National Youth in Transition Database (NYTD), which collects data on youth who receive independent living services or age out of foster care. It describes the three populations included in NYTD data collection and the 58 data elements collected. Key information collected includes services received, housing situations, and outcomes like homelessness. States can use NYTD data along with other data sources to better understand foster youth experiences and improve outcomes.
Media Regulation Booklet (OCR Media Conference 2009)rikhudson
The document discusses media regulation in the UK and Europe. It outlines key principles from the European Convention on Human Rights regarding privacy (Article 8) versus freedom of expression (Article 10), and how UK law must balance these. It also describes the voluntary Press Complaints Commission code for journalists and defines what constitutes public interest. Sample questions are provided from law exams for trainee journalists regarding defamation, privacy and legal issues around publishing photos. Finally, it discusses regulation of the internet, outlining recommendations from the Byron Review on keeping children safe online.
Privacy, human rights and Location Based Servicesblogzilla
Privacy is important for human dignity and autonomy. It includes data privacy, communications privacy, bodily privacy, and territorial privacy. Location-based services raise privacy concerns and systems should be designed with privacy in mind through data minimization and limiting personal data collection, storage, access, and usage. Governments also pressure companies to store and access personal data, so encryption alone is not enough to ensure privacy.
The government of Argentina’s Ministry of Justice have developed and are currently implementing the first Open Data portal for the justice sector in the country.
Launched in November, it currently holds 21 Ministry of Justice datasets. As Argentina is a federal country, the Ministry cooperates with more than 50 national and provincial justice institutions (courts, prosecutors and defense offices) to standardise judicial metrics and create quality datasets that will also be published on the Open Data portal.
During 2017, the Ministry will implement a strategy to strengthen the demand for data by hosting meetings with potential users, creating visualisations and training civil society in the use of open judicial data.
The Ministry also developed the first collaborative platform for judicial matters, Justice 2020, last year. This is an online platform, as well as an in-person collaborative space where civil society and the government can debate and participate in the design, implementation and evaluation of public justice policy. The program is organised in seven threads: institutional reform, criminal justice, civil justice, access to justice, human rights, judicial management and justice and community. Each one has different policy initiatives which after discussion will become priorities for the Ministry of Justice.
Participation is open to civil society and any person can be admitted to debate any topic. Each committee has two co-ordinators, one representing the government and one from civil society. During Justice 2020’s first year, there were 118 active debates, 18,358 people registered and 3,506 added contributions — an enormous success in view of the size of the country’s legal community.
Open Data: Its Value and Lessons LearnedAndrew Stott
This document discusses open data and lessons learned from open data initiatives. It outlines the triple objectives of open data as more transparent government, improved public services, and new economic and social value. It then provides several case studies that demonstrate significant returns on investment from open data, in areas such as transportation, healthcare, addressing, weather, and more. The document concludes by discussing lessons learned from open data projects, including the importance of leadership, managing expectations, incremental delivery, engagement, and focusing on high-value data.
This chapter discusses privacy and the laws that protect personal information. It covers topics like identity theft, consumer profiling, data breaches, and workplace monitoring. Laws discussed include the Fair Credit Reporting Act, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, and others. The chapter also examines ethical issues around electronic discovery, responsible treatment of consumer data, and advanced surveillance technologies.
Hacking Health Camp Strasbourg health data & data protection in the Netherlands Axon Lawyers
This document summarizes key points about data protection and privacy in the Netherlands. It discusses the legal framework for data protection in the EU and Netherlands, including the Data Protection Directive, upcoming General Data Protection Regulation, and the Dutch Data Protection Authority. It covers definitions of personal data, parties involved in processing, rules around health data, data security, and recent developments around data breaches. The document also flags other legal issues that may be relevant for digital health technologies, like software qualifying as a medical device.
California Privacy Law: Resources & Protectionsipspat
The document summarizes California privacy laws and the role of the Office of Privacy Protection. It discusses the constitutional right to privacy in California and how the Office of Privacy Protection was created to protect personal information and facilitate fair information practices. It also outlines several California privacy laws enacted between 1999-2003 that place limits on the collection and use of personal information, require notices of privacy policies, and provide rights and remedies for identity theft victims.
Should the European Union require the largest social networking services (like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) to be interoperable with competitors? I explain why and how they should. Originally presented to the European Parliament’s Digital Markets Act working group of MEPs and staff in Brussels, on 24/5/23
Lessons for interoperability remedies from UK Open Bankingblogzilla
The UK’s Open Banking programme is a world-leading experiment in requiring banks to open up customer accounts (with their explicit consent) to third-party providers. What lessons can be learnt from this case for legislation that would require dominant platforms to provide similar functionality?
This document discusses several options for African data protection and privacy policies, including:
1. Constitutional rights and implementing international conventions or models for informational privacy rights.
2. Regional Economic Community agreements like ECOWAS and SADC models as well as proposed policies focused on issues like data justice, group privacy, discrimination, and representation.
3. Key drivers for developing new policies including national interests, economic cooperation, innovation, and changing social views shaped by technology and globalization. Areas of focus could include education, consent, humanitarian assistance, and consumer protection to encourage development.
Making effective policy use of academic expertiseblogzilla
The document discusses how academic expertise can help policymakers by providing deep knowledge, existing data and analysis for evaluating interventions, and networks of experts. It emphasizes that co-production between academics and policymakers is an effective model where personal and institutional networks are established to collaboratively develop evidence-based policy. Appropriate use of academic expertise can significantly improve policymaking quality and reduce reputational risks when academics and policymakers work together through organizations like the Open Innovation Team.
Introduction to Cybersecurity for Electionsblogzilla
Slides for a 15-minute introduction to Cybersecurity for Elections: A Commonwealth Guide on Best Practice, by Ian Brown, Chris Marsden, James Lee and Michael Veale, published 5 Mar 2020
A basic cybersecurity introduction for managers, explaining how they and their organisation can guard against common types of attacks, based on the UK National Cyber Security Centre’s Cyber Essentials programme
Privacy and Data Protection in South Africablogzilla
South Africa has strong constitutional protections for privacy and personal data. The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI) provides extensive privacy rights and obligations similar to the EU GDPR, though it has not yet fully come into force. Sectoral laws also regulate privacy in areas like electronic communications, financial services, health, and children. Recent developments include the appointment of an Information Regulator in 2016 to oversee POPI compliance and the publication of draft POPI regulations in 2017 and 2018. Once POPI is fully enacted, it will repeal the interim Electronic Communications and Transactions Act and require businesses to comply within 12 months.
This document summarizes key points about data science and privacy regulation:
1. Regulation aims to alter behavior according to standards to achieve defined outcomes, and can involve standard-setting, information gathering, and modifying behavior.
2. With "big data", problems arise for the laissez-faire conception of privacy regulation due to market failures, insider threats, and mass surveillance capabilities.
3. Designing for privacy is important, such as data minimization, decentralization, consent requirements, and easy-to-use privacy interfaces. The "data exhaust" from ubiquitous data collection threatens privacy in Europe.
This document discusses issues around encryption regulation. It notes developments in end-to-end encryption and storage encryption. It discusses views from FBI Director James Comey and UK Prime Minister David Cameron calling for access to encrypted communications. It reviews national policies on encryption in the US, India, China and Russia. The Council of Europe and UN Special Rapporteur support strong encryption for privacy and security. Key issues are comparing political economies today versus the 1990s which led to encryption liberalization, and determining appropriate forums for decision making given interests of industry, civil society, states and others.
Where next for the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act?blogzilla
This document summarizes recommendations from reports by David Anderson QC, the Intelligence and Security Committee, and RUSI on reforming and consolidating complex UK legislation governing intelligence agencies and investigatory powers. It notes calls to replace existing laws with a new comprehensive bill that clearly defines agencies' powers and capabilities while strengthening oversight and legal safeguards. The government plans to introduce a draft Investigatory Powers Bill for scrutiny later in 2015.
This document discusses key regulatory issues related to the Internet of Things (IoT). It addresses licensing and spectrum management to ensure sufficient spectrum availability for diverse IoT applications. It also covers switching and roaming to support large IoT users and mobile devices, as well as addressing and numbering to provide a large address space for globally addressable IoT devices. Additionally, it discusses competition policies to prevent lock-in and barriers to entry. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of security and privacy regulations to significantly reduce vulnerabilities in IoT systems and ensure individual control over personal data.
The document discusses dimensions of cyber security capacity that are important for countries to address on a global level. It identifies 5 key dimensions: 1) devising cyber policy and defense, 2) encouraging responsible cyber culture, 3) building cyber skills, 4) creating effective legal frameworks, and 5) controlling risks through technology and processes. Each dimension contains 3-6 specific areas that define capabilities within that dimension. The overall message is that cyber security requires a global solution and collective effort to bring all countries to a reasonable level of capability.
This document summarizes international laws and policies regarding privacy and mass surveillance in the post-Snowden era. It discusses obligations under international human rights law, calls by the UN General Assembly to review surveillance practices, and reports by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights criticizing secret interpretations of law and lack of protections for individuals. The document also reviews data privacy regulations in Europe, debates around data localization, encryption technologies, and concludes that strengthening international law and information security is needed to curb mass surveillance by powerful states.
Keeping our secrets? Shaping Internet technologies for the public goodblogzilla
This document discusses challenges to privacy from technological development, market failures, and authorized access. It then discusses approaches to designing for privacy, including data minimization, user consent, and privacy by design. Finally, it examines shaping technologies for the public good through defining privacy as a public good, limiting government surveillance, new privacy regulations like GDPR, and encouraging competition.
This document discusses trust and security issues related to cloud computing. It defines cloud computing and describes different types of cloud services such as storage, software, platform and infrastructure as a service. It outlines opportunities for businesses to use cloud computing but also risks related to data protection and jurisdiction. The document proposes actions by the EU Commission and describes France's efforts to develop a "sovereign cloud". It also discusses personal/trusted clouds and provides further resources on the topic.
Copyright and privacy by design - what lessons have we learned?blogzilla
This document discusses privacy and data protection by design. It covers:
1. Early efforts at digital rights management (DRM) and "trusted" system architectures.
2. More recent efforts at web blocking and legislation like the PROTECT-IP Act. Effectiveness of blocking is limited by encryption, site replication, and alternative access methods.
3. The GDPR's requirements for data protection by design and by default, including data minimization and limiting data collection and access.
My presentation at the Tunis Online Freedom Conference, 17 June 2013. Updated for Asia Privacy Scholars Network conference, 9 July 2013, Hong Kong University, and significantly updated for the SCL Policy Forum, 12 Sep 2013, and presentations at Deutsche Bank and Amberhawk (May 2014)
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
1. Privacy Politics in the UK “After a long decade of privacy devastation in the UK, there is a sense of cautious optimism here about the new coalition government.” –Privacy International
3. DP and ECHR standards Interference with private life must be based on detailed, clear, precise, foreseeable law (Copland v UK) Systems must limit access to data to those who have a proportionate requirement for access (I v Finland) Bleeding-edge states have a particular duty to consider impact of databases upon privacy (S & Marperv UK) Only 5 of 46 databases reviewed met standards (Database State, R. Anderson et al. 2008)
4. Reserving the rise of the surveillance state - Tories “Fewer mammoth databases, that are better run. Fewer personal details held by the state, stored accurately and on a need-to-know basis. Greater checks and personal control over the sharing of our data by government. And stronger duties on government to keep our private information safe. These are followed by a series of practical measures from scrapping ID cards and Contact Point to strengthening the role of the Information Commissioner.”
5. Liberal Democrats “From allowing children's fingerprints to be taken at school without their parents' consent; to making us a world leader in CCTV; to wasting vast sums of taxpayers' money on giant databases that hoard our personal details… The government's staggering record on losing private data – leaving it in pub car parks and on commuter trains – just makes matters worse.”
7. Identity management Central National Identity Register of all those over 16 living in UK longer than 3 months with biometrics, biographical data and audit trail, ID number to link other databases ContactPoint database of all 11m children in England and Wales with biographical data and links to services used Cabinet Office 18/5/11: “Our intention is to create a market of accredited identity assurance services delivered by a range of private sector and mutualised suppliers. A key improvement will be that people will be able to use the service of their choice to prove identity when accessing any public service. Identity assurance services will focus on the key imperative to ensure privacy.”
8. National Programme for IT Central Summary Care Records with biographical data, allergies and prescriptions Regional Detailed Care Records Central Secondary Uses Service for administration and research Patients can opt out of central “Spine”, but made administratively awkward
9. Criminal justice National DNA Database with 5.1m profiles ONSET system attempts to identify potential young offenders National Fraud Initiative collects much sensitive information but absolved from liability for any confidentiality breaches National ANPR system keeps up to 18bn records pa for up to 5 years Communications database proposed
10. The blagger’s price list “What price privacy?”, Information Commissioner’s Office (2006)