The document discusses prison drug treatment programs and their effectiveness in reducing recidivism. It notes that over 50 federal prisons have residential drug abuse treatment programs with over 16,000 inmates participating. Studies have shown these programs reduce relapse, re-arrest rates, and drug/alcohol use post-release by 40-70% compared to untreated inmates. They work by addressing the cognitive and behavioral factors underlying criminal behavior and substance abuse. Officials now acknowledge the cost-effectiveness of such rehabilitation programs for reducing crime rates long-term.
AIM Target Programs is the leader in out-patient counseling and assessment, providing services for substance abuse, drug testing, BIP/domestic violence, anger management, and anti-theft. Incorporated in 1994, AIM Target has been helping adult residents of Southwest Florida for over 22 years with over 67,000 people served.
AIM Target Programs is the leader in out-patient counseling and assessment, providing services for substance abuse, drug testing, BIP/domestic violence, anger management, and anti-theft. Incorporated in 1994, AIM Target has been helping adult residents of Southwest Florida for over 22 years with over 67,000 people served.
The Addiction Research Foundation’s Mission is conduct and support research that improves treatment outcomes for persons with substance abuse disorders.
Dr. Tom Frieden, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit on March 30, 2016.
The Addiction Research Foundation’s Mission is conduct and support research that improves treatment outcomes for persons with substance abuse disorders.
Dr. Tom Frieden, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit on March 30, 2016.
Health Care Continuity in Jail, Prison and Community brighteyes
Health Care Continuity in Jail, Prison and Community Thomas.Lincoln@bhs.org
Hampden County Correctional Center Baystate Brightwood Health Center Springfield, MA 2006
Thinking Outside the Cell: Solutions for Public Safety, Victims, and Taxpayersmrmarclv
This presentation to lawmakers from across the nation highlights the growing evidence and public consensus supporting alternatives to incarceration that enhance public safety, empower and restore victims, and reduce the burden on taxpayers.
JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
THE CORE 5E
Chapter 10:
Drug Use and
Delinquency
Marijuana and Hashish
Marijuana
Produced from the leaves of cannabis
sativa
Hashish
Concentrated form of cannabis made of
unadulterated resin from the female plant
Main ingredient in both is tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
A mild hallucinogen
Most commonly used drug by teenagers
Large amounts causes distortions that produce
hallucinatory effects
Not physically addictive, but long term effects debatable
Cocaine, Crack & Heroin
Cocaine
Alkaloid derivative of the coca plant
Most powerful natural stimulant that produces euphoria, restlessness,
and excitement
It can be sniffed, snorted, or injected
Immediate feeling or rush is short lived
Crack
Processed street cocaine
Gained popularity in the mid-1980s
Relatively inexpensive
Can provide a powerful high and is highly addictive
Heroin
Most dangerous commonly abused drug
Alcohol
Drug of choice for most teenagers
64% of high school seniors reported abusing it in the past
year
70% say they have tried it
By the 12th grade, 51% reported having been drunk
Negatively impacts society
Factor in nearly half of all murders, suicides, and
accidental deaths
1.4 million drivers are arrested each year for D.U.I.
840,000 more are arrested for alcohol-related offenses
The economic cost is staggering: $185 billion lost lost
each year
Impact on Health
Long term use is linked to depression and physical
ailments, ranging from heart disease to cirrhosis of the
liver
Perceived Benefits
Reduces tension, enhances pleasure, improves social
skills, and some claim it transforms experiences for the
better
Other Drugs
Anesthetic Drugs
Central nervous system depressants
Most widely abused is phencyclidine (PCP), aka angel dust
Inhalants
Some youths inhale vapors that cause a euphoric feeling that is
followed by disorientation, slurred speech, and drowsiness
Sedatives and barbiturates
Depress the central nervous system, creating a sleeplike condition
Tranquillizers
Reduce anxiety and promote relaxation
Overuse can lead to addiction, and withdrawal can be painful and
hazardous
Other Drugs
• Hallucinogens
• Provide vivid distortions of the senses without greatly
disturbing the viewers consciousness
• Examples of common hallucinogens:
• Mescaline
• LSD
• Stimulants
• Synthetic drugs that increase blood pressure, breathing rate,
bodily activity, and elevate mood
• Methedrine is the most widely used dangerous amphetamine
• aka “meth”, “speed”, “crystal meth”
• Economic cost of meth use in the U.S. exceeds $23
billion a year
Other Drugs
Steroids
Anabolic steroids are used to gain muscle bulk and strength
Black market sales approach $1 billion annually
Cause health problems such as liver ailments, tumors, kidney
problems, sexual dysfunc ...
By Beth Han, Wilson M. Compton, Carlos Blanco, and Lisa J. ColTawnaDelatorrejs
By Beth Han, Wilson M. Compton, Carlos Blanco, and Lisa J. Colpe
Prevalence, Treatment, And Unmet
Treatment Needs Of US Adults
With Mental Health And
Substance Use Disorders
ABSTRACT We examined prevalence, treatment patterns, trends, and
correlates of mental health and substance use treatments among adults
with co-occurring disorders. Our data were from the 325,800 adults who
participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in the period
2008–14. Approximately 3.3 percent of the US adult population, or
7.7 million adults, had co-occurring disorders during the twelve months
before the survey interview. Among them, 52.5 percent received neither
mental health care nor substance use treatment in the prior year. The
9.1 percent who received both types of care tended to have more serious
psychiatric problems and physical comorbidities and to be involved with
the criminal justice system. Rates of receiving care only for mental
health, receiving treatment only for substance use, and receiving both
types of care among adults with co-occurring disorders remained
unchanged during the study period. Low perceived need and barriers to
care access for both disorders likely contribute to low treatment rates of
co-occurring disorders. Future studies are needed to improve treatment
rates among this population.
S
ubstance use disorders and mental
disorders influence each other, and
their combined presentation (here-
after referred to as co-occurring
disorders) results in more profound
functional impairment; worse treatment out-
comes; higher morbidity and mortality; in-
creased treatment costs; and higher risk for
homelessness, incarceration, and suicide than
each of the individual disorders.1–4 Current treat-
ment guidelines recommend that people with co-
occurring disorders receive treatments for both
disorders.5–7 However, little is known about the
twelve-month prevalence, service use patterns,
correlates of mental health and substance use
treatments, and unmet treatment need among
US adults with co-occurring disorders.
Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of
opioid use disorders and marijuana use among
adults has increased in recent years.8,9 It is im-
portant to determine whether these specific in-
creases led to greater overall prevalence of co-
occurring disorders, because adults with opioid
or marijuana use disorders are likely to have co-
occurring mental illness.8,9 Also, two recent stud-
ies reported that between 2005–07 and 2014 and
between 2004 and 2013, respectively, among the
overall US adult population, receipt of mental
health care increased (primarily as a result of
increasing use of psychiatric medications), and
receipt of substance use treatment remained
stable.10,11 However, it is unknown whether there
have been similar changes in patterns of care for
adults with co-occurring disorders.
The Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental
Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008
required insurance coverage of mental he ...
Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and PracticeCenter on Addiction
These slides accompany CASAColumbia's report, Addiction Medicine: Closing the Gap between Science and Practice, published in June 2012, which found that, despite the prevalence of addiction, the enormity of its consequences, the availability of effective solutions and the evidence that addiction is a disease, both screening and early intervention for risky substance use are rare, and only about 1 in 10 people with addiction involving alcohol or drugs other than nicotine receive any form of treatment.
2. Repeat Offenders
The therapeutic community model of
prison substance abuse treatment and
aftercare has been implemented in state
and federal prisons across the
country, significantly reducing recidivism
rates.
3. More Inmates,
More Drug Offenders
incarcerated population increase by an average
of 7.8 percent per year
62.2 percent of state prison inmates
42.1 percent of Federal inmates report being
regular drug users
4. Federal Bureau of Prisons
50 Federal Prisons have a residential drug abuse
treatment program
16,000 plus inmates participate in the in-prison
treatment program
13,000 plus participate in a community transition
treatment program
5. reduce relapse
reduce criminality
reduce recidivism
reduce inmate
misconduct
reduce mental illness Treatment Studies
reduce behavioral for In Prison
disorders
increase the level of Programs Have
the inmate's stake in
societal norms Shown
increase levels of
education and
employment upon
return to the
community
Improved physical
and mental health
improve relationships
6. Federal Prison Bureaus
Drug Abuse Strategy
Drug Abuse Education
Nonresidential Drug Abuse Treatment
RDAP
Community Transition Drug Abuse
Treatment (TDAT)
7. Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
Programs (RDAP’s) Base On
cognitive-behavioral model which
attempted to identify, confront, and alter
the attitudes, values, and thinking
patterns that led to criminal behaviors
and drug or alcohol use
8. Success for Those that Completed Treatment
Untreated subjects had a probability of
.167 of being arrested in the first 6 months
Treated subjects had a probability of .031
of being arrested in the first 6 months
Treated inmates were 73 percent less
likely to be re-arrested than untreated
inmates.
9. Repeat Usage
Untreated subjects had a probability of
.367 of using drugs or alcohol in the first 6
months
Treated subjects had a probability of .205
of using drugs or alcohol in the first 6
months
Those who completed drug treatment
were 44 percent less likely
10. Less Likely to be Rearrested
Older Individuals
Those without Prior Commitments
Frequent Urinalysis Testing
Working Many Hours
Living With a Spouse
11. 2.3 million inmates in the U.S., more
than half have a history of substance
abuse and addiction
Treatment can reduce recidivism rates
from 50 percent to something more like
20 percent
12. Bob May, associate director of the Association of State
Correctional Administrators says
“people who work in the system acknowledge the value of
the programs. There was a time, years ago, when that wasn’t
the case. People weren’t convinced that the programs were
effective, or even cost-effective. When I was working as chief
of detectives in a sheriff’s department, I didn’t believe in
these programs, either. My job was to put people away. You
know, you think it’s just some bleeding-heart liberal trying to
make excuses for a crime. But I didn’t know that 75 to 80
percent of people I was arresting for other crimes had an
abuse problem.”
“we know from the research that with people who go
through drug treatment, even if they still use drugs afterwards,
their crimes are less violent and less frequent. Even if it’s not a
100 percent change, it’s a good thing.”
13. Texas State Sen. John Whitmire who had been robbed
at gunpoint by a cocaine addict, says
“I’ve begged for my life once from someone addicted
to cocaine,” he says. “I would much rather spend
money on his addiction than face that gun again. This
isn’t about being soft on crime. It’s about being
tough, but also smart.”
His initiative saw positive results initially: the prison
population, predicted to climb by more than 5,000 by
the end of 2008, grew by only a 10th of that.
14. No matter how we feel about drug addicts
and criminals, we are going to pay. So do we
pay to lock them up, or go the arguably
cheaper way and rehabilitate them?
15. References
Carmichael, M. (2010). The Case for Treating Drug
Addicts in Prison. Retrieved from
http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2010/06/29/t
he-case-for-treating-drug-addicts-in-prison.html
Federal Prison Residential Drug Treatment Reduces
Substance Use and Arrests After Release. (). Retrieved
from
http://www.bop.gov/news/research_projects/published
_reports/recidivism/orepramjalcd.pdf
Inmate Drug Abuse Treatment Slows Prison’s Revolving
Door. (2004). Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org/research/action/aftercare.aspx
Substance Abuse Treatment. (2011). Retrieved from
http://www.bop.gov/inmate_programs/substance.jsp