This document summarizes a presentation on prescription drug abuse given at a conference. It discusses national overdose statistics showing a large increase in overdose deaths. Common factors contributing to overdoses are mixing multiple drugs and reduced drug tolerance after being released from institutions. The presentation outlines a comprehensive response including law enforcement reviewing overdose deaths for criminal leads, public awareness campaigns, and quantitative research analyzing overdose cases. Research of 353 overdose cases found the typical profile is a middle-aged white male with a history of substance abuse issues. The most common circumstances involved dying at home from accidental overdoses combining drugs like oxycodone and alprazolam.
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Gary Martin2
1. What Parents
Can Do
April 10-12, 2012
Walt Disney World Swan Resort
2. Accepted Learning Objectives
1. Compare mixed-method studies that focus on
behavioral factors related to drug use and
abuse, especially among youth and
adolescents.
2. Outline proven comprehensive strategies for
combating prescription drug abuse through the
development of community partnerships.
3. Express the impact of prescription drug abuse
on families and communities through anecdotal
personal stories.
3. Disclosure Statement
All presenters for this session, Dr. Carol J.
Boyd, Dr. Gary Martin, and Karen Perry,
have disclosed no relevant, real or
apparent personal or professional
financial relationships.
4. The
 Killer
 Amongst
 UsâŚ
Â
Drug
 Overdose
Â
Dr.
 Gary
 Mar<n
Â
Palm
 Beach
 County
 SheriďŹ s
 OďŹce/Lynn
 University
Â
5. Na<onal
 Overdose
 Sta<s<cs
Â
Â
ď§âŻ 27,658
 uninten-onal
 drug
 poisonings
Â
ď§âŻ 100%
 increase
 in
 overdose
 deaths
 from
 years
Â
2000-Ââ2006
Â
ď§âŻ Drug
 overdose
 deaths
Â
 second
 to
 car
 accidents
Â
for
 uninten-onal
 injury
 deaths
Â
7. Drug
 Related
 Deaths
Â
ď§âŻ Physiological
Â
consequences
Â
associated
 with
 chronic
Â
drug
 use
Â
ď§âŻ Violence
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Behavioral
 choices
Â
Â
11. Combining
 and
 Mixing
 Drugs
Â
ď§âŻ Mul-ple
 contributable
Â
drugs
 found
 in
 majority
Â
of
 overdose
 fatali-es
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Average
 of
 2.7
 drugs
Â
found
 in
 overdose
 cases
Â
14. High
 Risk
 Drugs
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Opiate
 Pain
 Medica-ons
Â
ď§âŻ Depressants/seda-ves
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Illicit
 drugs
 including
Â
alcohol
Â
15. Tolerance
 Depleted
Â
ď§âŻ Recently
 released
 prisoners
Â
ď§âŻ Recently
 released
 from
 court
 supervision
Â
ď§âŻ Recently
 released
 from
 drug
 treatment
Â
ď§âŻ Recently
 released
 from
 hospital
Â
Â
17. Three
 Strategies
Â
ď§âŻ Law
 Enforcement
Â
ď§âŻ Public
 Awareness
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Quan<ta<ve
 Research
Â
18. Law
 Enforcement
Â
ď§âŻ Reviewing
 each
 overdose
 death
 inves-ga-on.
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Applying
 all
 relevant
 statutes
 to
 the
 circumstances.
Â
ď§âŻ Forwarding
 all
 narco-cs
 intelligence.
Â
ď§âŻ 19.3
 %
 of
 the
 case
 reviews
 generated
 narco-cs
Â
intelligence.
Â
Â
Â
Â
19. Public
 Awareness
Â
ď§âŻ Forging
 coopera-ve
 rela-onships
 with
 families
 who
 have
Â
lost
 loved
 ones
 to
 drug
 overdose
 death.
Â
ď§âŻ Providing
 overdose
 risk
 awareness
 programs
 to
 students
Â
and
 parents.
Â
ď§âŻ Designing
 a
 mul-media
 public
 service
Â
 campaign
 focusing
Â
on
 the
 risks
 associated
 with
 prescrip-on
 drug
 misuse
 and
Â
abuse.
Â
ď§âŻ Seeking
 legisla-ve
 ac-on
 to
 discourage
 doctor
 shopping
Â
and
 prescrip-on
 drug
 diversion.
Â
Â
Â
20. 911
 Good
 Samaritan
 Legisla<on
Â
Â
ď§âŻ A
 Drug
 Overdose
 Interven-on
 Strategy.
Â
Â
ď§âŻ OďŹers-Ââlimited
 immunity
 from
 criminal
 prosecu-on
Â
for
 person(s)
 who,
 in
 good
 faith,
 seek
 medical
Â
aWen-on
 during
 a
 drug-Âârelated
 medical
 crisis.
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Intent-Ââreduce
 the
 number
 of
 drug
 overdose
 deaths
Â
by
 removing
 the
 fear
 of
 arrest
 as
 a
 barrier
 to
 seeking
Â
emergency
 medical
 assistance.
Â
Â
Â
21. Quan<ta<ve
 Research
Â
ď§âŻ Collec-ng
 extensive
 demographic
 and
 circumstan-al
Â
data
 from
 each
 overdose
 death
 inves-ga-on.
Â
ď§âŻ Designing
 a
 prac-cal
 overdose
 death
 database.
Â
ď§âŻ
 Exposing
 overdose
 correla-ons
 and
 trends.
Â
Â
22. Case
 Examina<ons
Â
ď§âŻ 353
 overdose
 death
 cases
Â
ď§âŻ Palm
 Beach
 County,
 Florida
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Selected
 by
 chronological
 occurrence
Â
Â
ď§âŻ Data
 derived
 from:
Â
ď⯠Police
 and
 paramedic
 reports
Â
Â
Â
ď⯠Autopsy
 and
 toxicology
 ďŹndings
Â
ď⯠Family
 and
 friend
 interviews
Â
Â
ď⯠Medical
 records
Â
Â
Â
Â
32. Overdose
 Risk
 ProďŹle
Â
Demographic
 Indicators:
Â
ď§âŻ White
Â
ď§âŻ Male
Â
ď§âŻ Approximately
 40
 years
 old
Â
ď§âŻ High
 School
 Diploma
 or
 GED
Â
ď§âŻ Employed
Â
33. Overdose
 Risk
 ProďŹle
Â
Sta<c
 Indicators:
Â
ď§âŻ History
 of
 substance
 abuse
Â
ď§âŻ History
 of
 drug
 related
 arrests
Â
ď§âŻ History
 of
 substance
 abuse
 treatment
Â
ď§âŻ History
 of
 mental
 health
 treatment
Â
ď§âŻ History
 of
 non
 fatal
 drug
 overdose
Â
ď§âŻ Under
 physician s
 care
 at
 -me
 of
 death
Â
34. Overdose
 Risk
 ProďŹle
Â
Circumstan<al
 Indicators:
Â
ď§âŻ Died
 at
 home
Â
ď§âŻ Discovered
 by
 family
 member
Â
ď§âŻ Last
 act
 is
 sleeping
Â
ď§âŻ Found
 unconscious
Â
ď§âŻ Others
 present
 at
 death
 scene
Â
ď§âŻ Other
 recognized
 distress
Â
ď§âŻ Died
 from
 accidental
 mul-ple
 drug
 toxicity
Â
ď§âŻ Most
 likely
 combina-ons
 are
 alprazolam,
Â
Â
 oxycodone,
 cocaine,
 and
 methadone
Â
35. NOPE
 Task
 Force
Â
866-Ââ612-ÂâNOPE
Â
Ask
 Adam
 (Ask
 Ques<ons
 Anonymously)
Â
www.nopetaskforce.org
Â
Dr.
 Gary
 Mar<n
Â
Mar<nG@pbso.org
Â