Principles of Ecology Unit 7- Assignment 1 chapters 19 and 21-1 Cha.docx
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Principles of Ecology Unit 7: Assignment 1 chapters 19 and 21.1 Chapter 19: Movement of Energy in Ecosystems 1: What makes studying ecosystems different than studying communities? 2. How can an invasive species like earthworms substantially impact how energy flows within a forest ecosystem? 3. What is the difference between the brown and green food webs? Which one do you think and old growth forest would be? Why? 4. What are the main limitations to primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, and open ocean ecosystems? How is this related to the law of the minimum? 5. Explain consumption efficiency, assimilation efficiency, net production efficiency, and ecological efficiency? 6. Explain why there are is less energy at higher trophic levels than the trophic level 1 (producers)? Why is the aquatic biomass pyramid flipped? . Chapter 21.1: Landscape Ecology 1. How do natural and human activities cause landscape heterogeneity? 2. Explain why a more a landscape with more ecosystems (ecosystem heterogeneity) would be more species diverse than a less heterogeneous landscape? 3. If you have two sites and they have high gamma diversity (25 species) and high beta diversity (20 species), would these communities be more similar or more distinct? Explain. 4. Using the ideas of competitive exclusion, niche separation, realized niche, community zonation, and ecological heterogeneity. Explain why a grassland would only have 6 species, a shrubland would have 14 species and a floodplain deciduous forest would have 24 species? .
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Principles of Ecology Unit 8- Assignment 1 chapters 21-2-21-5 and 22.docx
Principles of Ecology
Unit 8: Assignment 1
chapters 21.2-21.5 and 22
Chapter 21: Global Biodiversity
1. Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson found species richness on islands increased with increased island area. Why can large islands support more species?
2. Explain how ecosystem fragmentation can create new communities of species and cause a potential loss of sensitive species?
3. How does island or fragment size and isolation impact the species richness within that island/patch? What factors drive these differences?
4. What are the general patterns of worldwide biodiversity? What factors drive the patterns?
5. How does continental drift and evolution impact the species we find in different parts of the world?
Chapter 22: Conservation of Global Biodiversity
1. Why would conservation of biodiversity hotspots reduce costs and maximize conservation potential?
2. Provisioning services: look up another example of pharmaceutical chemical that was originally derived from plants and is now saving lives?
3. Compare and contrast regulating services and supporting services.
4. How is the fishing industry contributing to continued overharvest of fish species?
5. Compare and contrast bio-accumulation and bio-magnification.
6. How is climate change contributing to loss of biodiversity?
.
Ecosystems
This document discusses marine ecosystems as the second topic within a Physical Geography Global Challenge unit. It defines key terms like biome and ecosystem, outlines the eight main biomes, and poses questions about biome distribution and primary productivity. The questions focus on what a biome is, the global distribution of biomes, and factors affecting that distribution, like how primary productivity differs between biomes.
Chapters 17 20 ecology
1. The document discusses key concepts in community ecology including species diversity, guilds, food webs, succession, and landscape dynamics.
2. Species diversity is measured by counting species and their relative abundances. A dominant species is most abundant while a keystone species has a large impact relative to its abundance.
3. Landscape features like habitat fragmentation can create patches that impact species diversity depending on patch size and isolation from other habitats.
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same.docx
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same recurring problem of waste. The main problem with our way of taking care of the waste we create is that we do not use that same waste and recycle it. The reason for this is that people are not being taught about waste disposal correctly. There are many plastic and metals that we throw away that can be recycled but many places, which are responsible for the recycling, don’t take them because there isn’t enough workers to do so. Futhermore waste like apple cores, banana peels all can be recycled and used as fertilizers or a way to create energy known as methane gas, however not enough recycling places do so. The biggest problem, however is that we live in a wasteful time. The idea that we just throw away our things or used products without being responsible for it is not good. We need to be using more recyclable objects and each person is charged on how much they throw away, rather than a flat rate for everyone. With all this waste earth is dying. Animals are losing their homes turning them into landfills. Man and animals cannot live in a world where the waste is just being dumped away. Problems such as pollution, global warming and other will make it harder and harder for us to live. That problem is that people out there don’t care enough to do something about it as they don’t have the knowledge to what this can lead to. I believe more education about waste should be taught and what the damages of poulltion can do to our earth. We see this today with temperatures rising, causing animals not being able to live as these temperatures destroy their habitats. In Cities like los angeles the air is polluted to a point where you can literally see the smog and such over the city. Something has to be done before its too late.
We have the ability to do something about this. And change our enoviroment before its too late and doesn’t just end up being a waste. In years time if we don’t do something about this the problem will be bigger and bigger to the point where we can no longer live on this earth. If we keep "air" pollution up for another 1000 years, we will be sufficated by carbon monoxide. If we keep "water" pollution up, we will die of thirst. If we keep "land" pollution up, we will be buried by our own waste.
Workshop Three Post-Reading Questions
1. Choose one question listed in the handout from each chapter.
2. Write a short essay to answer each question you selected. The essays are to be double spaced and approximately a half to a full page in length each. Many of the questions contain several parts; make sure that you have answered all parts of the question, as well as done any drawings requested.
Chapter 8: The Human Population (Environmental Science)
1. What are the environmental and social consequences of rapid population growth in rural developing areas? In urban developing areas?
2. Describe the negative and positive consequences of affluence on the environment.
.
Biol 1302 Sp 2015Reading GuideModule 5 Rap 2Read the overv.docx
Biol 1302 Sp 2015
Reading Guide
Module 5 Rap 2
Read the overview on the concept of speciation and the difference between microevolution and macroevolution
Concept 22.1 (Pg 418-422)
Defining species
1. What is the definition of species?
2. What is the biological species concept?
3. Understand the term reproductive isolation, and how this happens due to pre zygotic and post zygotic barriers. Study Fig 22. 3 and learn about the different mechanism which do not allow members of different species to interbreed. Study the examples under each category to gain a better understanding.
4. What are the limitations of the biological species concept? For eg, we cannot learn anything about species when studying fossils or asexually reproducing organisms.
5. What are some other definitions of species? Read about the morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species concept and how are they different from the biological species concept?
Concept 22.2 Pg 423-427
Allopatric and sympatric speciation
1. How are species formed? Is geographic separation necessary for the same?
2. Read about allopatric and sympatric speciation and how speciation occurs in both instances. What is the evidence for allopatric speciation? Read about the example of the species of snapping shrimp.
3. How does sympatric speciation occur? Learn how polyploidy, habitat differentiation and sexual selection play a role.
4. Of the two speciation events, which is more common and why?
Concept 22. 3 pg 428-430
Hybrids and Hybrid zones
1. What are hybrids? Read about the hybrid zone which is a region when members of different species and produce offspring. Study Fig 22.12 to learn about the hybrid zone and how the hybrids behave
2. Can the hybrids reproduce successfully? What are some example?
Concept 22.4 Pg 430-433
Speciation timeline
1. How long does it take for new species to form?
2. Understand how fossil remains give us a clue about how speciation occurs. What is the difference between punctuated model and the gradual model? Fig 22. 14 shows both models.
3. Reproductive isolation can also be influenced by genes or a single gene. Learn how a single gene influences the way in which the shells of Japanese snail spiral in different directions preventing mating
Concept 18.6 Pg 357-361
Genes, genomes and evolution
1. What can we learn from comparing genomes of widely divergent species?
2. What can we learn from comparing genomes of closely related species?
3. From the comparisons above, which genomes do you expect to be more similar?
4. What is the comparison of developmental processes of different multicellular organisms called?
5. What are homeotic genes?
6. Look at Fig. 18.17, what can we conclude about homeotic genes based on the fact that they are present in almost identical sequence in species ranging from fruit flies to mammals?
VOCABULARY: Homeotic genes, homeobox, species, speciation, reproductive isolation, pre and post zygotic barriers, hybrids, temporal, allopatric, sympa ...
Ecosystem Change
Human well-being is highly dependent on ecosystems and the benefits they provide such as food and drinkable water. Over the past 50 years, however, humans have had a tremendous impact on their environment.
To better understand the consequences of current changes to ecosystems and to evaluate scenarios for the future, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has launched a comprehensive scientific study, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
What actions could be taken to limit harmful consequences of ecosystem degradation?
Biodiversity
This document discusses how biodiversity loss can impact ecosystem functioning and processes. It begins by noting that human impacts have dramatically reduced biodiversity at all levels from genes to entire ecosystems. Many ecosystem processes are sensitive to biodiversity declines. Experimental studies show that reductions in biodiversity can decrease plant productivity and increase variability in processes like nutrient levels and plant growth. Maintaining biodiversity is important for preserving ecosystem services that support human welfare, and should be a priority in environmental policies.
Chapters 21 23 ecology
Temperature, moisture, length of photosynthetic period, and nutrient availability affect net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Primary productivity is typically higher in coastal oceans due to nutrient inputs from land. Primary production fuels secondary production by consumers. There are two main food chains: grazing and detrital, with detrital dominating terrestrial ecosystems. Decomposition returns nutrients to the soil and is influenced by temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels. Biogeochemical cycles circulate essential elements through abiotic and biotic components, and nutrients can be lost through export, harvesting, and fire.
Recommended
Principles of Ecology Unit 8- Assignment 1 chapters 21-2-21-5 and 22.docx
Principles of Ecology
Unit 8: Assignment 1
chapters 21.2-21.5 and 22
Chapter 21: Global Biodiversity
1. Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson found species richness on islands increased with increased island area. Why can large islands support more species?
2. Explain how ecosystem fragmentation can create new communities of species and cause a potential loss of sensitive species?
3. How does island or fragment size and isolation impact the species richness within that island/patch? What factors drive these differences?
4. What are the general patterns of worldwide biodiversity? What factors drive the patterns?
5. How does continental drift and evolution impact the species we find in different parts of the world?
Chapter 22: Conservation of Global Biodiversity
1. Why would conservation of biodiversity hotspots reduce costs and maximize conservation potential?
2. Provisioning services: look up another example of pharmaceutical chemical that was originally derived from plants and is now saving lives?
3. Compare and contrast regulating services and supporting services.
4. How is the fishing industry contributing to continued overharvest of fish species?
5. Compare and contrast bio-accumulation and bio-magnification.
6. How is climate change contributing to loss of biodiversity?
.
Ecosystems
This document discusses marine ecosystems as the second topic within a Physical Geography Global Challenge unit. It defines key terms like biome and ecosystem, outlines the eight main biomes, and poses questions about biome distribution and primary productivity. The questions focus on what a biome is, the global distribution of biomes, and factors affecting that distribution, like how primary productivity differs between biomes.
Chapters 17 20 ecology
1. The document discusses key concepts in community ecology including species diversity, guilds, food webs, succession, and landscape dynamics.
2. Species diversity is measured by counting species and their relative abundances. A dominant species is most abundant while a keystone species has a large impact relative to its abundance.
3. Landscape features like habitat fragmentation can create patches that impact species diversity depending on patch size and isolation from other habitats.
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same.docx
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same recurring problem of waste. The main problem with our way of taking care of the waste we create is that we do not use that same waste and recycle it. The reason for this is that people are not being taught about waste disposal correctly. There are many plastic and metals that we throw away that can be recycled but many places, which are responsible for the recycling, don’t take them because there isn’t enough workers to do so. Futhermore waste like apple cores, banana peels all can be recycled and used as fertilizers or a way to create energy known as methane gas, however not enough recycling places do so. The biggest problem, however is that we live in a wasteful time. The idea that we just throw away our things or used products without being responsible for it is not good. We need to be using more recyclable objects and each person is charged on how much they throw away, rather than a flat rate for everyone. With all this waste earth is dying. Animals are losing their homes turning them into landfills. Man and animals cannot live in a world where the waste is just being dumped away. Problems such as pollution, global warming and other will make it harder and harder for us to live. That problem is that people out there don’t care enough to do something about it as they don’t have the knowledge to what this can lead to. I believe more education about waste should be taught and what the damages of poulltion can do to our earth. We see this today with temperatures rising, causing animals not being able to live as these temperatures destroy their habitats. In Cities like los angeles the air is polluted to a point where you can literally see the smog and such over the city. Something has to be done before its too late.
We have the ability to do something about this. And change our enoviroment before its too late and doesn’t just end up being a waste. In years time if we don’t do something about this the problem will be bigger and bigger to the point where we can no longer live on this earth. If we keep "air" pollution up for another 1000 years, we will be sufficated by carbon monoxide. If we keep "water" pollution up, we will die of thirst. If we keep "land" pollution up, we will be buried by our own waste.
Workshop Three Post-Reading Questions
1. Choose one question listed in the handout from each chapter.
2. Write a short essay to answer each question you selected. The essays are to be double spaced and approximately a half to a full page in length each. Many of the questions contain several parts; make sure that you have answered all parts of the question, as well as done any drawings requested.
Chapter 8: The Human Population (Environmental Science)
1. What are the environmental and social consequences of rapid population growth in rural developing areas? In urban developing areas?
2. Describe the negative and positive consequences of affluence on the environment.
.
Biol 1302 Sp 2015Reading GuideModule 5 Rap 2Read the overv.docx
Biol 1302 Sp 2015
Reading Guide
Module 5 Rap 2
Read the overview on the concept of speciation and the difference between microevolution and macroevolution
Concept 22.1 (Pg 418-422)
Defining species
1. What is the definition of species?
2. What is the biological species concept?
3. Understand the term reproductive isolation, and how this happens due to pre zygotic and post zygotic barriers. Study Fig 22. 3 and learn about the different mechanism which do not allow members of different species to interbreed. Study the examples under each category to gain a better understanding.
4. What are the limitations of the biological species concept? For eg, we cannot learn anything about species when studying fossils or asexually reproducing organisms.
5. What are some other definitions of species? Read about the morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species concept and how are they different from the biological species concept?
Concept 22.2 Pg 423-427
Allopatric and sympatric speciation
1. How are species formed? Is geographic separation necessary for the same?
2. Read about allopatric and sympatric speciation and how speciation occurs in both instances. What is the evidence for allopatric speciation? Read about the example of the species of snapping shrimp.
3. How does sympatric speciation occur? Learn how polyploidy, habitat differentiation and sexual selection play a role.
4. Of the two speciation events, which is more common and why?
Concept 22. 3 pg 428-430
Hybrids and Hybrid zones
1. What are hybrids? Read about the hybrid zone which is a region when members of different species and produce offspring. Study Fig 22.12 to learn about the hybrid zone and how the hybrids behave
2. Can the hybrids reproduce successfully? What are some example?
Concept 22.4 Pg 430-433
Speciation timeline
1. How long does it take for new species to form?
2. Understand how fossil remains give us a clue about how speciation occurs. What is the difference between punctuated model and the gradual model? Fig 22. 14 shows both models.
3. Reproductive isolation can also be influenced by genes or a single gene. Learn how a single gene influences the way in which the shells of Japanese snail spiral in different directions preventing mating
Concept 18.6 Pg 357-361
Genes, genomes and evolution
1. What can we learn from comparing genomes of widely divergent species?
2. What can we learn from comparing genomes of closely related species?
3. From the comparisons above, which genomes do you expect to be more similar?
4. What is the comparison of developmental processes of different multicellular organisms called?
5. What are homeotic genes?
6. Look at Fig. 18.17, what can we conclude about homeotic genes based on the fact that they are present in almost identical sequence in species ranging from fruit flies to mammals?
VOCABULARY: Homeotic genes, homeobox, species, speciation, reproductive isolation, pre and post zygotic barriers, hybrids, temporal, allopatric, sympa ...
Ecosystem Change
Human well-being is highly dependent on ecosystems and the benefits they provide such as food and drinkable water. Over the past 50 years, however, humans have had a tremendous impact on their environment.
To better understand the consequences of current changes to ecosystems and to evaluate scenarios for the future, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has launched a comprehensive scientific study, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
What actions could be taken to limit harmful consequences of ecosystem degradation?
Biodiversity
This document discusses how biodiversity loss can impact ecosystem functioning and processes. It begins by noting that human impacts have dramatically reduced biodiversity at all levels from genes to entire ecosystems. Many ecosystem processes are sensitive to biodiversity declines. Experimental studies show that reductions in biodiversity can decrease plant productivity and increase variability in processes like nutrient levels and plant growth. Maintaining biodiversity is important for preserving ecosystem services that support human welfare, and should be a priority in environmental policies.
Chapters 21 23 ecology
Temperature, moisture, length of photosynthetic period, and nutrient availability affect net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Primary productivity is typically higher in coastal oceans due to nutrient inputs from land. Primary production fuels secondary production by consumers. There are two main food chains: grazing and detrital, with detrital dominating terrestrial ecosystems. Decomposition returns nutrients to the soil and is influenced by temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels. Biogeochemical cycles circulate essential elements through abiotic and biotic components, and nutrients can be lost through export, harvesting, and fire.
Ecosystem powerpoint
An ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving components in an environment and the interactions between them. It includes biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers as well as abiotic factors such as water, sunlight, and temperature. Producers like plants obtain energy through photosynthesis while consumers obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Decomposers play an important role by breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients.
Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental studies
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Resources and its classification, Natural Resources and associated problems, forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, energy resources, soil resources, ecosystem.Ecosystems
Ecosystems are defined as the interactions between organisms and their environment. Energy from the sun enters ecosystems through photosynthesis by primary producers like plants. This energy is then transferred between trophic levels as organisms consume one another, though typically less than 10% of the energy is transferred between each trophic level. Nutrients also cycle through ecosystems, with processes like decomposition and nitrogen fixation carried out by microorganisms regulating their movement between organic and inorganic forms. Human activities are now impacting global nutrient cycles through activities like agriculture, fossil fuel combustion, and deforestation.
Ecosystems
Ecosystems are defined as the interactions between living organisms and their environment. Energy from the sun enters ecosystems through photosynthesis by primary producers like plants. This energy is then transferred between trophic levels as organisms consume one another, though typically less than 10% of the energy is transferred to the next level. Nutrients also cycle through ecosystems, with processes like decomposition and nitrogen fixation carried out by microorganisms returning nutrients to the inorganic environment to be reused. Human activities are now impacting global nutrient cycles through activities like agriculture, fossil fuel use, and deforestation.
In this exercise the student will define and expand the discussion o.docx
In this exercise the student will define and expand the discussion of the
“Key Questions”
that are listed for each chapter in the Study Guide. You are required to define, discuss these key questions, and relate them to other important concepts and ideas in the study of environmental science and sustainable development in your own words. You must also add relevant personal opinions and make connections to sustainable practice in the Mojave Desert whenever possible and describe how/what/when technology is being used appropriately.
One long or two short paragraphs (four to six sentences) with minimum 100 words
1-1 What are some of the scientific principles of sustainability?
Concept 1-1A Nature has sustained itself for billions of years by using solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient cycling –lessons from nature that we can apply to our lifestyles and economies
1-2 How are our ecological footprints affecting the earth?
Concept 1-2 As our ecological footprints grow, we are depleting and degrading more of the earth’s natural capital
1-1 What is an environmentally sustainable society?
Concept 1-1A Our lives and economies depend on energy from the sun (solar capital) and on natural resources and natural services (natural capital) provided by the earth.
Concept 1-1B Living sustainably means living off the earth’s natural income without depleting or degrading the natural capital that supplies it.
1-2 How can environmentally sustainable societies grow economically?
Concept 1-2 Societies can become more environmentally sustainable through economic development dedicated to improving the quality of life for everyone without degrading the earth’s life-support systems.
1-2 How are our ecological footprints affecting the earth?
Concept 1-2 As our ecological footprints grow, we are depleting and degrading more of the earth’s natural capital.
1-3 Why do we have environmental problems?
Concept 1-4 Major causes of environmental problems are population growth, wasteful and unsustainable resource use, poverty, exclusion of environmental costs of resource use from the market prices of goods and services, and attempts to manage nature with insufficient knowledge.
1-4 What are some of the scientific principles of sustainability?
Concept 1-1A Nature has sustained itself for billions of years by using solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient cycling –lessons from nature that we can apply to our lifestyles and economies.
2-1 What is science?
Concept 2-1 Scientists collect data and develop theories, models, and laws about how nature works
2-2 What is the matter and how can matter change?
Concept 2-2A Matter consists of elements and compounds, which are in turn made up of atoms, ions, or molecules.
Concept 2-2B When matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, no atoms are created or destroyed (the law of conservation of matter).
2-3 What is energy and how can it be changed?
Concept 2-3A When ener.
Environmental Resources WorksheetENV100 Version 21Univers.docx
Environmental Resources Worksheet
ENV/100 Version 2
1
University of Phoenix Material
Environmental Resources Worksheet
Using the assigned readings for Week Four, write a 50- to 75-word response to each of the following questions. Your responses will be assessed according to the accuracy of the content.
Minerals
1. How do minerals affect society?
2. What is the difference between metallic and nonmetallic minerals? Provide two examples from each category and discuss their uses.
Mining
3. How are minerals extracted from the Earth and processed?
4. What are the different ways minerals can be mined? Provide a brief description of at least three types of mining.
5. What effect does extracting minerals have on the environment?
Soil
6. What is your definition of soil? What is soil composed of? Why is soil important to the environment?
7. What types of organisms are found in soil? Determine the relationship between soil and organisms.
8. What is soil erosion? How can soil become polluted? What effect does soil erosion and pollution have on the environment?
9. What is the purpose of soil reclamation?
Forestry and Rangeland Resources and Management Strategies
10. Differentiate between government-owned lands and public lands. Which government agencies are involved with government-owned lands? What is the purpose of government-owned lands?
11. Why is the forest an important ecosystem?
12. What is your definition of forest management? What is its purpose? Describe the concept of sustainable forestry.
13. What effect does the harvesting of trees and deforestation have on forests and the environment? Is there a preferred method for harvesting trees? Explain.
14. What is a rangeland? Describe rangeland degradation and desertification. What effect does degradation and desertification have on the environment?
15. What is overgrazing? What effect does this have on rangelands?
16. What strategies can be employed for the management and conservation of forests and rangelands?
Agriculture
17. What is the difference between industrialized agriculture and subsistence agriculture? What effect do these methods of agriculture have on the environment?
18. What is one agricultural challenge, other than soil erosion, that society faces? Explain your answer.
19. How would you describe sustainable agriculture? How does it affect the environment? In regards to agriculture, what are the advantages and disadvantages involved with genetic engineering?
...
PPT Notes.pdf
This document provides information about various ecosystem types and concepts in ecology. It discusses the key components of ecosystems like producers, consumers, and decomposers. It also describes the structure and characteristics of different terrestrial ecosystems like forests, grasslands, and deserts. It covers aquatic ecosystems like ponds, lakes, rivers, estuaries, and the ocean. Food chains, energy flow, and ecological pyramids in ecosystems are explained. Succession and factors in ecosystems are also summarized.
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The document discusses key concepts related to ecosystems and their functioning. It begins by defining an ecosystem as the functional unit where living organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. It then discusses various ecosystem components like species composition, stratification, productivity, decomposition, energy flow and nutrient cycling. The document further explains concepts like trophic levels, food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. It also covers ecological succession and biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Stream Ecology
This document provides an overview of stream ecology, covering chemical, physical, and biological processes in running water ecosystems. It discusses that stream ecology is complex and involves interrelationships between organisms and their environment. The key processes discussed include the nutrient and chemical cycles, factors that influence physical properties at different spatial scales, primary producers and consumers in the food web, and how community interactions and ecosystem processes function. It also provides a brief introduction to macroinvertebrates, explaining their importance in the food chain and for assessing water quality based on their varying sensitivity to conditions.
Ecosystem: for students studying environmental Biology
This document provides an overview of ecosystems. It defines an ecosystem as any system composed of physical, chemical, and biological processes within a space-time unit of any magnitude. Ecosystems can be divided into biomes characterized by climate, landscape, or vegetation. Biomes contain various habitats and are home to populations, communities, and food webs. Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and pyramids. The document also discusses different types of ecosystems such as forests, tundra, and rainforests, and how they are structured and function.
Ecosystem
This document provides information about ecosystems, including:
1. An ecosystem consists of organisms and their environment interacting in cyclical material and energy exchanges. Ecosystems can be terrestrial, freshwater, marine, or oceanic.
2. Ecosystems have biotic components (living organisms) and abiotic components (non-living physical and chemical elements). Organisms play roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers in ecosystems.
3. Ecosystem functions include regulatory, habitat, production, and information functions that provide goods and services for organisms, including humans. Biogeochemical cycles circulate important elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur through ecosystems.
Biology ch 3 & 4
This document contains ecology terms and definitions related to different levels of biological organization (population, community, ecosystem), trophic levels, energy transfer, nutrient cycling, primary productivity, symbiosis, succession, and aquatic ecosystem classification. Key terms defined include ecology, ecosystem, population, community, autotroph, trophic level, biomass pyramid, mutualism, ecological succession, primary productivity, climate, nitrogen fixation, algal bloom, modeling.
EVS_MATERIAL_2.pdf
The document provides a list of important topics and study material for environmental studies divided into three parts - Part A lists short important questions, Part B lists questions requiring longer one page write ups, and Part C lists major questions requiring 4 page write ups. Key topics covered include renewable and non-renewable resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, climate change, waste management, and environmental protection acts. The document is intended to guide students on important concepts, questions, and materials to focus their studies of environmental science.
EE STUDIES-1.pptx
The document discusses key topics in environmental studies including the components of the environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and issues like pollution, biodiversity loss, natural resource depletion. Forests are described as important natural resources that provide various ecosystem services but are threatened due to overexploitation through activities like logging, mining and construction. Sustainable management of forests and other resources is needed to address growing environmental challenges.
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This presentation by Shahid Naeem from Columbia University focuses on the three central biodiversity issues:
1. Ecosystem services and biodiversity
2. Functional biodiversity and climate change
3. Bio-ecological adaptation
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This document provides information about an Environmental Studies course covering ecosystems and biodiversity. It discusses key topics like the definition of an ecosystem, its structural and functional aspects, producers and consumers, energy flow and nutrient cycles. It also defines biodiversity and describes the different levels and value of biodiversity. Some of the major threats to biodiversity like habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species and co-extinction are outlined. Important biodiversity hotspots in India like the Western Ghats, Himalayas and Indo-Burma region are identified along with reasons for their endangered status. The document is meant to inform students about important concepts and issues related to ecosystems and biodiversity conservation.
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How Do Human Activities Affect the Ecosystem, Prepared by: Edsyl Berongoy Pen...ROMAN C. VILLALON MEMORIAL COLLEGES FOUNDATION INC.
Identify human activities that has greater impact to the ecosystem that may be the reasons for the distraction of the ecosystem and may affects the homeostasis of the ecosystem.Lesson 1 The Ecosystem.pptx
The document provides an overview of ecosystems, including definitions, components, and classifications. It defines an ecosystem as a system where biotic and abiotic factors interact. It describes trophic structures and food chains, with producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. It also discusses gradients, ecotones, and the importance of diversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Ecosystems are classified as either natural or artificial, with natural ecosystems further divided into aquatic (marine and freshwater) and terrestrial systems. Examples of different ecosystem types are provided.
Definition of environment
The document defines environment and environmental science. It states that environment includes all physical and biological factors surrounding organisms and their interactions. Environmental science is a multidisciplinary field concerning conservation of nature and resources, pollution control, population issues, and more. The document also discusses ecosystems, including their components, functions, types of food chains and webs, ecological succession, and ecological pyramids.
Definition of environment
Environment literally means surrounding and everything that affect an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. In another words “Environment is sum total of water, air and land interrelationships among themselves and also with the human being, other living organisms and property”. It includes all the physical and biological surrounding and their interactions.
Environmental studies provide an approach towards understanding the environment of our planet and the impact of human life upon the environment.
Thus environment is actually global in nature, it is a multidisciplinary subject including physics, geology, geography, history, economics, physiology, biotechnology, remote sensing, geophysics, soil science and hydrology etc. Scope of Environmental Science Environmental science is a multidisciplinary science whose basic aspects have a direct relevance to every section of the society.
Its main aspects are:
• Conservation of nature and natural resources.
• Conservation of biological diversity.
• Control of environmental pollution.
• Stabilization of human population and environment.
• Social issues in relation to development and environment.
• Development of non-polluting renewable energy system and providing new dimension to nation’s security. Importance of Environmental Science Environment belongs to all the living beings and thus is, important for all.
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An ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving components in an environment and the interactions between them. It includes biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers as well as abiotic factors such as water, sunlight, and temperature. Producers like plants obtain energy through photosynthesis while consumers obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Decomposers play an important role by breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients.
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Resources and its classification, Natural Resources and associated problems, forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, energy resources, soil resources, ecosystem.Ecosystems
Ecosystems are defined as the interactions between organisms and their environment. Energy from the sun enters ecosystems through photosynthesis by primary producers like plants. This energy is then transferred between trophic levels as organisms consume one another, though typically less than 10% of the energy is transferred between each trophic level. Nutrients also cycle through ecosystems, with processes like decomposition and nitrogen fixation carried out by microorganisms regulating their movement between organic and inorganic forms. Human activities are now impacting global nutrient cycles through activities like agriculture, fossil fuel combustion, and deforestation.
Ecosystems
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In this exercise the student will define and expand the discussion of the
“Key Questions”
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One long or two short paragraphs (four to six sentences) with minimum 100 words
1-1 What are some of the scientific principles of sustainability?
Concept 1-1A Nature has sustained itself for billions of years by using solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient cycling –lessons from nature that we can apply to our lifestyles and economies
1-2 How are our ecological footprints affecting the earth?
Concept 1-2 As our ecological footprints grow, we are depleting and degrading more of the earth’s natural capital
1-1 What is an environmentally sustainable society?
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Concept 1-1B Living sustainably means living off the earth’s natural income without depleting or degrading the natural capital that supplies it.
1-2 How can environmentally sustainable societies grow economically?
Concept 1-2 Societies can become more environmentally sustainable through economic development dedicated to improving the quality of life for everyone without degrading the earth’s life-support systems.
1-2 How are our ecological footprints affecting the earth?
Concept 1-2 As our ecological footprints grow, we are depleting and degrading more of the earth’s natural capital.
1-3 Why do we have environmental problems?
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1-4 What are some of the scientific principles of sustainability?
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2-1 What is science?
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2-2 What is the matter and how can matter change?
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2-3 What is energy and how can it be changed?
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Environmental Resources WorksheetENV100 Version 21Univers.docx
Environmental Resources Worksheet
ENV/100 Version 2
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Environmental Resources Worksheet
Using the assigned readings for Week Four, write a 50- to 75-word response to each of the following questions. Your responses will be assessed according to the accuracy of the content.
Minerals
1. How do minerals affect society?
2. What is the difference between metallic and nonmetallic minerals? Provide two examples from each category and discuss their uses.
Mining
3. How are minerals extracted from the Earth and processed?
4. What are the different ways minerals can be mined? Provide a brief description of at least three types of mining.
5. What effect does extracting minerals have on the environment?
Soil
6. What is your definition of soil? What is soil composed of? Why is soil important to the environment?
7. What types of organisms are found in soil? Determine the relationship between soil and organisms.
8. What is soil erosion? How can soil become polluted? What effect does soil erosion and pollution have on the environment?
9. What is the purpose of soil reclamation?
Forestry and Rangeland Resources and Management Strategies
10. Differentiate between government-owned lands and public lands. Which government agencies are involved with government-owned lands? What is the purpose of government-owned lands?
11. Why is the forest an important ecosystem?
12. What is your definition of forest management? What is its purpose? Describe the concept of sustainable forestry.
13. What effect does the harvesting of trees and deforestation have on forests and the environment? Is there a preferred method for harvesting trees? Explain.
14. What is a rangeland? Describe rangeland degradation and desertification. What effect does degradation and desertification have on the environment?
15. What is overgrazing? What effect does this have on rangelands?
16. What strategies can be employed for the management and conservation of forests and rangelands?
Agriculture
17. What is the difference between industrialized agriculture and subsistence agriculture? What effect do these methods of agriculture have on the environment?
18. What is one agricultural challenge, other than soil erosion, that society faces? Explain your answer.
19. How would you describe sustainable agriculture? How does it affect the environment? In regards to agriculture, what are the advantages and disadvantages involved with genetic engineering?
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PPT Notes.pdf
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The document discusses key concepts related to ecosystems and their functioning. It begins by defining an ecosystem as the functional unit where living organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. It then discusses various ecosystem components like species composition, stratification, productivity, decomposition, energy flow and nutrient cycling. The document further explains concepts like trophic levels, food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. It also covers ecological succession and biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Stream Ecology
This document provides an overview of stream ecology, covering chemical, physical, and biological processes in running water ecosystems. It discusses that stream ecology is complex and involves interrelationships between organisms and their environment. The key processes discussed include the nutrient and chemical cycles, factors that influence physical properties at different spatial scales, primary producers and consumers in the food web, and how community interactions and ecosystem processes function. It also provides a brief introduction to macroinvertebrates, explaining their importance in the food chain and for assessing water quality based on their varying sensitivity to conditions.
Ecosystem: for students studying environmental Biology
This document provides an overview of ecosystems. It defines an ecosystem as any system composed of physical, chemical, and biological processes within a space-time unit of any magnitude. Ecosystems can be divided into biomes characterized by climate, landscape, or vegetation. Biomes contain various habitats and are home to populations, communities, and food webs. Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and pyramids. The document also discusses different types of ecosystems such as forests, tundra, and rainforests, and how they are structured and function.
Ecosystem
This document provides information about ecosystems, including:
1. An ecosystem consists of organisms and their environment interacting in cyclical material and energy exchanges. Ecosystems can be terrestrial, freshwater, marine, or oceanic.
2. Ecosystems have biotic components (living organisms) and abiotic components (non-living physical and chemical elements). Organisms play roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers in ecosystems.
3. Ecosystem functions include regulatory, habitat, production, and information functions that provide goods and services for organisms, including humans. Biogeochemical cycles circulate important elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur through ecosystems.
Biology ch 3 & 4
This document contains ecology terms and definitions related to different levels of biological organization (population, community, ecosystem), trophic levels, energy transfer, nutrient cycling, primary productivity, symbiosis, succession, and aquatic ecosystem classification. Key terms defined include ecology, ecosystem, population, community, autotroph, trophic level, biomass pyramid, mutualism, ecological succession, primary productivity, climate, nitrogen fixation, algal bloom, modeling.
EVS_MATERIAL_2.pdf
The document provides a list of important topics and study material for environmental studies divided into three parts - Part A lists short important questions, Part B lists questions requiring longer one page write ups, and Part C lists major questions requiring 4 page write ups. Key topics covered include renewable and non-renewable resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, climate change, waste management, and environmental protection acts. The document is intended to guide students on important concepts, questions, and materials to focus their studies of environmental science.
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The document discusses key topics in environmental studies including the components of the environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and issues like pollution, biodiversity loss, natural resource depletion. Forests are described as important natural resources that provide various ecosystem services but are threatened due to overexploitation through activities like logging, mining and construction. Sustainable management of forests and other resources is needed to address growing environmental challenges.
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This document provides information about an Environmental Studies course covering ecosystems and biodiversity. It discusses key topics like the definition of an ecosystem, its structural and functional aspects, producers and consumers, energy flow and nutrient cycles. It also defines biodiversity and describes the different levels and value of biodiversity. Some of the major threats to biodiversity like habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species and co-extinction are outlined. Important biodiversity hotspots in India like the Western Ghats, Himalayas and Indo-Burma region are identified along with reasons for their endangered status. The document is meant to inform students about important concepts and issues related to ecosystems and biodiversity conservation.
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Identify human activities that has greater impact to the ecosystem that may be the reasons for the distraction of the ecosystem and may affects the homeostasis of the ecosystem.Lesson 1 The Ecosystem.pptx
The document provides an overview of ecosystems, including definitions, components, and classifications. It defines an ecosystem as a system where biotic and abiotic factors interact. It describes trophic structures and food chains, with producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. It also discusses gradients, ecotones, and the importance of diversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Ecosystems are classified as either natural or artificial, with natural ecosystems further divided into aquatic (marine and freshwater) and terrestrial systems. Examples of different ecosystem types are provided.
Definition of environment
The document defines environment and environmental science. It states that environment includes all physical and biological factors surrounding organisms and their interactions. Environmental science is a multidisciplinary field concerning conservation of nature and resources, pollution control, population issues, and more. The document also discusses ecosystems, including their components, functions, types of food chains and webs, ecological succession, and ecological pyramids.
Definition of environment
Environment literally means surrounding and everything that affect an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. In another words “Environment is sum total of water, air and land interrelationships among themselves and also with the human being, other living organisms and property”. It includes all the physical and biological surrounding and their interactions.
Environmental studies provide an approach towards understanding the environment of our planet and the impact of human life upon the environment.
Thus environment is actually global in nature, it is a multidisciplinary subject including physics, geology, geography, history, economics, physiology, biotechnology, remote sensing, geophysics, soil science and hydrology etc. Scope of Environmental Science Environmental science is a multidisciplinary science whose basic aspects have a direct relevance to every section of the society.
Its main aspects are:
• Conservation of nature and natural resources.
• Conservation of biological diversity.
• Control of environmental pollution.
• Stabilization of human population and environment.
• Social issues in relation to development and environment.
• Development of non-polluting renewable energy system and providing new dimension to nation’s security. Importance of Environmental Science Environment belongs to all the living beings and thus is, important for all.
Each and every body of whatever occupation he or she may have, is affected by environmental issues like global warming, depletion of ozone layer, dwindling forest, energy resources, loss of global biodiversity etc.
Environment study deals with the analysis of the processes in water, air, land, soil and organisms which leads to pollute or degrade environment. It helps us for establishing standard,Environment and Ecology for safe, clean and healthy natural ecosystem.
It also deals with important issues like safe and clean drinking water, hygienic living conditions and clean and fresh air, fertility of land, healthy food and development. Sustainable environmental law, business administration, environmental protection, management and environmental engineering are immerging as new career opportunities for environment protection and managements.
Need for Public Awareness With the ever increasing development by modern man, large scale degradation of natural resources have been occurred, the public has to be educated about the fact that if we are degrading our environment we are actually harming ourselves.
To encourage meaningful public participation and environment, it is necessary to create awareness about environment pollution and related adverse effects. The United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio-de-Janeiro, followed by Earth summit on sustainable Development have high-lighted the key issues of global environmental concern and have attracted the general public towards the...
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Python Key Value Store Design
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TTL:
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