Uploaded byVirag Sontakke
Primitive Economy
The document discusses the evolution of primitive economies from the Paleolithic to Neolithic periods. It details the development of tools, societal structures, and subsistence strategies, emphasizing stages of human history marked by advancements in technology and the beginnings of agriculture. Key highlights include the transition from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture, the domestication of animals, and the emergence of trade and specialized crafts.
More Related Content
More from Virag Sontakke
Primitive Economy
- 1. Primitive Economy Dr. ViragSontakke Assistant Professor Department of A.I.H.C. & Archaeology, Banaras Hindu University
- 2.
- 3. What is Economy? •Economy denotes: 1. An area of production, 2. Distribution, 3. Consumptions of goods and 4. Trade. • As long as someone is making, supplying and distributing goods or services, there has been some sort of economy. • Economies grew larger as societies grew and became more complex.
- 4.
- 5. Episode of Prehistory Prehistoric Period Prehistory BeforeWriting Lower Palaeolithic Mesolithic Middle Palaeolithic Neolithic Upper Palaeolithic Metal
- 6. Paleolithic Period • PleistoceneEpoch (16,00,000 to 11,700 BP) • Beginning of Stone Age • Origin and Evolution of Human beings • Longest period of Human History • Invention of Fire • Use of Stone tools • Hunting-Gathering
- 7. Lower Paleolithic :Tools • Early Stage of development • Pebbles: Quartzite • Primary tools: crude • Type: Handaxe • Type: Cleaver • Type: Scrapers
- 8.
- 9. Reconstruction illustration of400,000-year-old shelter from Terra Amata, France
- 11. Middle Paleolithic • Gradualchanges • Between about 250,000 BP and 40,000 years ago, • Slight innovation in stone technology • Flake tools rather than larger core tools. • Hand-axes were made with exquisite craftsmanship, • Smaller more diverse tool • Earliest evidence of mortuary practice
- 12.
- 14.
- 16.
- 17. Upper Paleolithic • Slightadvanced Period • Flake Technically • Parallel side blade: Multipurpose use • Trend of smaller tools • Adaptations to Environmental Changes
- 18.
- 19. Upper Palaeolithic Artand Cults • Beginning of the history of arts. • Mainly included Cave paintings. • Examples: Bhimbetka. • Evidence of artistic cum cultic activity come from Cave III F-24 at Bhimbetka, known as 'auditorium cave’.
- 22. Economy of thePaleolithic period • Source: Tools, Paintings • Society: not evolved • Way of life: primitive • No division of labor • No category of work division identified • Economy: Hunting-Gathering & Tool Making
- 23. Mesolithic • Transition between Paleolithicand Neolithic • Environment Change • Extinction of big mammals • New variety of flora-fauna • Tool-typology changes • Food habits changes • Population increases • Burial process increases • Permanent settlement started • Rock/cave Painting increases
- 24.
- 26.
- 28. Economy of MesolithicPeriod • Source: a. Tools (Stone-bones), b. animal bones, c. paleo-botanical remains • Vivid Economy i. Fishing ii. Bird-hunting iii. Honey Collection iv. Stone making Division of Labor?
- 29. Economy of MesolithicPeriod • Archaeological Evidence 1. Bhimbetka: Honey collection evidence in paintings 2. Middle Ganga Plain: Absence of Raw Material: Borrowed from Vindhyan area 3. Middle Ganga Plain : Burials with goods 4. Hunting- gathering Economy
- 30. Neolithic A remarkable chapterin Human History 1. Beginning of Agriculture 2. Domestication of large scale animals. 3. Established permanent settlements 4. Set-up of villages. 5. Pottery was used for food storage. 6. Evidence of Cotton 7. Evidence of ornamentation 8. Usage of animals in various purpose 9. Time 10000-2000 BCE
- 31.
- 33.
- 34. New mode ofSubsistence
- 35.
- 39. Pottery Making • Varietyof pottery • Hand Made: • Wheel Made: • Plain, Painted, Slipped, engraved etc. • Various colored • Various shapes and size: • Bowls, dishes, vase, jar etc
- 40. Bead Making 1. Lahuradeva:Steatite beads, Stones from Himalaya and Vindhyan 2. Tokwa: Use of Basalt for tools 3. Taradih: Stone Beads 4. Senuvar: beads 0f Stone + antler 5. Chirand: Stone Beads 6. Burjhom: Carenelian + Agate beads
- 41. Tool Industry • StoneTools: Axe, Adze, Blade etc. • Bone Tools: Borer, Arrowhead, needle, hammers, Chizels, spade • Chirand: mix economy • Agricultural tools
- 42. Animal Husbandry • MiddleGanga Plain: Decreases of wild animals • Koldihawa, Tokwa & Mahagada: bones of domesticated animals • Pikhlihal: Humped bull depiction on Terracotta figurine and paintings • Burjhom: Dog • Ash mounds • Utnur: Cattle pen
- 43. Trade • Lahuradeva: Stonefrom Vindhay • Tokwa: Basalt • Burjhom: Carnelians bead= IVC ? • Mehargarh: Turquoise = Turkmenistan • Mehargarh : Shell= Arabian Sea • Mehargarh : Laips Lazuli= Badakshan, Afganistan
- 44. Neolithic Economy • Source: a)Tools (hunting) b) Tools (Agriculture) • Advent of various Crafts • Settled Life • Forming of Village • Trade: internal & external • Mix Economy
- 45.