present-perfect.vs.past-simple
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The document compares and contrasts the past simple and present perfect tenses in English. It notes that the past simple is used to talk about completed actions at specific times in the past, while the present perfect is used for actions relevant to the present, to ask questions about experiences, and to talk about durations of time up until now. It provides examples of how to use each tense properly depending on the context.
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Break time 1
The document provides an overview of lessons from an English language course, including topics covered and skills practiced. Some of the topics covered in the listening, speaking, reading and writing lessons include the past simple and past continuous tenses, questioning forms, telling time, vocabulary related to crimes and court systems. Sample exercises are also included that involve matching crimes to their definitions, completing tables about crimes and criminals, choosing the correct words, listening and answering questions, matching items to a picture, and discussing a crime scenario in pairs.
Review Conditionals
This document discusses conditional sentences in English using different types of conditionals. It provides examples of type 1, 2, and 3 conditionals using "if", "unless", and exercises for students to practice forming conditional sentences in different scenarios. The document focuses on the grammar structures needed to form conditional sentences in English.
Taller nivelation 7 grado iii periodo
Kate was working in London when she met her boyfriend Peter.
She lived in Paris where she started a university career.
I was driving to work when I had an accident.
We were running in the park when it started to rain.
The students were throwing paper balls when the teacher arrived.
2015
1. The passage is a sample English proficiency exam for 9th grade admission to a bilingual program. It contains multiple choice questions and sentence completion exercises to test grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.
2. The questions cover a range of topics including verb tenses, synonyms, prepositions, parts of speech, and conditional sentences. Students must demonstrate their ability to understand context and apply grammatical rules.
3. The exam aims to assess students' overall English language skills in key areas like verbs, vocabulary, sentence structure, and reading through different question types in a timed setting.
Present simple tense
The document discusses the simple present tense in English. It provides examples of:
1) Verb forms of to be and regular verbs in the positive, negative, and interrogative.
2) Uses of the simple present tense, including for habitual actions, permanent situations, general truths, travel plans, with stative verbs, and giving instructions.
3) Time expressions that are commonly used with the simple present tense, such as always, often, sometimes, usually.
An informative essay
An informative essay provides factual information about a subject without expressing much opinion. It introduces the topic and gives basic facts in the introduction. The body paragraphs present more details like history, development, and what makes the topic special. The conclusion summarizes the main points and can briefly give the author's opinion, but the focus remains on informing the reader with facts throughout the essay.
Animals: body parts
This document lists different body parts found on animals such as beaks, claws, fangs, tusks, horns, paws, hoofs, snouts, spots, and whiskers.
Animals parts
This document appears to be a quiz about classifying animals based on where they live, their size, abilities like flying, and physical characteristics such as having feathers, fur, claws, fangs, tusks, horns, paws, hoofs, a snout, spots or whiskers. It asks questions to determine if the animal is a mammal, reptile, insect, amphibian, bird or fish.
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Break time 1
The document provides an overview of lessons from an English language course, including topics covered and skills practiced. Some of the topics covered in the listening, speaking, reading and writing lessons include the past simple and past continuous tenses, questioning forms, telling time, vocabulary related to crimes and court systems. Sample exercises are also included that involve matching crimes to their definitions, completing tables about crimes and criminals, choosing the correct words, listening and answering questions, matching items to a picture, and discussing a crime scenario in pairs.
Review Conditionals
This document discusses conditional sentences in English using different types of conditionals. It provides examples of type 1, 2, and 3 conditionals using "if", "unless", and exercises for students to practice forming conditional sentences in different scenarios. The document focuses on the grammar structures needed to form conditional sentences in English.
Taller nivelation 7 grado iii periodo
Kate was working in London when she met her boyfriend Peter.
She lived in Paris where she started a university career.
I was driving to work when I had an accident.
We were running in the park when it started to rain.
The students were throwing paper balls when the teacher arrived.
2015
1. The passage is a sample English proficiency exam for 9th grade admission to a bilingual program. It contains multiple choice questions and sentence completion exercises to test grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.
2. The questions cover a range of topics including verb tenses, synonyms, prepositions, parts of speech, and conditional sentences. Students must demonstrate their ability to understand context and apply grammatical rules.
3. The exam aims to assess students' overall English language skills in key areas like verbs, vocabulary, sentence structure, and reading through different question types in a timed setting.
Present simple tense
The document discusses the simple present tense in English. It provides examples of:
1) Verb forms of to be and regular verbs in the positive, negative, and interrogative.
2) Uses of the simple present tense, including for habitual actions, permanent situations, general truths, travel plans, with stative verbs, and giving instructions.
3) Time expressions that are commonly used with the simple present tense, such as always, often, sometimes, usually.
An informative essay
An informative essay provides factual information about a subject without expressing much opinion. It introduces the topic and gives basic facts in the introduction. The body paragraphs present more details like history, development, and what makes the topic special. The conclusion summarizes the main points and can briefly give the author's opinion, but the focus remains on informing the reader with facts throughout the essay.
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This document lists different body parts found on animals such as beaks, claws, fangs, tusks, horns, paws, hoofs, snouts, spots, and whiskers.
Animals parts
This document appears to be a quiz about classifying animals based on where they live, their size, abilities like flying, and physical characteristics such as having feathers, fur, claws, fangs, tusks, horns, paws, hoofs, a snout, spots or whiskers. It asks questions to determine if the animal is a mammal, reptile, insect, amphibian, bird or fish.
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This document contains sample answers to a mock exam covering various topics in English grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.
In the grammar section, candidates are asked to rewrite conditional sentences using different conjunctions like "if", "unless", and "as soon as". They also need to complete sentences with the correct verb tenses.
The vocabulary questions cover relationships, phrasal verbs, prepositions, and differences between British and American English.
The reading comprehension passage is about a man named Linsk who kept a secret from his mother. Candidates must answer multiple choice and true/false questions about details in the passage and find expressions that match definitions.
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The document provides an outline for writing an opinion essay about whether building high-rise blocks of flats is a good solution to housing crises in cities. It instructs the writer to state their opinion in the first paragraph, and then provide two arguments to support that opinion in the following paragraphs, using facts and examples. In the conclusion, the writer should restate their opinion without repeating the exact words used earlier.
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The document provides an outline for writing a report about an event with an introduction, main body, and conclusion. The introduction would mention the name, time, place, and reason for the event in paragraph 1. The main body would describe preparations in paragraph 2 and describe the actual event in paragraph 3. The conclusion in paragraph 4 would provide final thoughts and comments on feelings about the event.
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The document provides examples of sentences using different past verb tenses in English including:
1. The simple past tense to describe actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
2. The present perfect tense to describe actions that began in the past and continue in the present or that happened an unspecified time before now.
3. The past perfect tense to describe actions that were completed before something else in the past happened.
4. The present perfect continuous tense to describe actions that began in the past and continue up to the present.
5. The past perfect continuous tense to describe actions that were ongoing up until some point in the past.
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The document discusses the past perfect simple and continuous tenses in English. It provides examples of their forms, uses, and distinguishing between the simple and continuous forms. Key points include:
- The past perfect tense is used for an action that happened before another past action.
- It can be used with time expressions like "by the time".
- The difference between the simple and continuous forms is whether the action is repeated/ongoing or a single completed action.
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This document provides information about the present perfect continuous and present perfect simple tenses in English. It explains that the present perfect continuous emphasizes ongoing or unfinished past actions, while the present perfect simple emphasizes completed actions or actions with present results. Examples are given to illustrate the difference between the tenses, such as "I have done my homework" using the simple form to indicate completion versus "I have been doing homework" using the continuous to indicate an ongoing process. Common expressions used with each tense are also listed.
3 stative-verbs
This document discusses the use of stative verbs like think, have, feel, smell, taste, see, and like. It explains that some stative verbs can be used in both the simple present and continuous tenses to indicate deliberate or ongoing actions, while others are generally only used in the simple present tense to indicate mental states or perceptions. Specific examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of each verb in both simple and continuous tenses.
1 present-simple-continuous
This document provides a quick review of the present simple and continuous tenses in English. It discusses:
1) The spelling rules for the third person singular form of verbs in the present simple (e.g. wants, eats). Exceptions are noted for verbs ending in certain letters.
2) The spelling of the present participle ("-ing" form), including exceptions for verbs ending in vowels, consonants, and doubled letters.
3) Which types of "state verbs" are almost never used in the present continuous tense because they indicate permanence or mental states. These include verbs of the mind, emotions, senses, possession, and certain other verbs. Exceptions where the meaning changes are noted.
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1. Modal verbs have special grammatical properties such as not taking an -s in the third person singular and being followed by the bare infinitive form of other verbs.
2. Modal verbs are used to express abilities, permissions, obligations, advice, speculation, deduction and more. For example, "can" expresses ability, "may" expresses permission, and "must" expresses strong obligation.
3. Modal verbs have special forms like modal perfects to express speculation, ability or possibility in the past. For example, "may have" expresses past possibility and "couldn't have" expresses past impossibility.
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The document provides a review of present tenses in English, including the present simple and present continuous tenses. It discusses the forms, uses, and rules for each tense. The present simple is used for habits, repeated actions, facts that stay the same for a long time, and general truths. The present continuous is used for activities happening at the moment of speaking or for a limited period of time near the present. It also discusses state verbs like think, feel, see and their uses, as well as verbs of possession and certain other verbs.
Conditionals
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English:
- Zero conditional describes straightforward cause and effect or scientific truths using present simple in both clauses.
- First conditional expresses likelihood or promises using "if + present, will + infinitive".
- Second conditional expresses improbability using "if + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive".
- Third conditional expresses regret or imaginary past situations using "if + past perfect, would/could/have + past participle".
It also covers alternatives to "if", mixed conditionals combining different tenses, and uses of "I wish" and "if only".
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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The document provides examples of sentences using different past verb tenses in English including:
1. The simple past tense to describe actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
2. The present perfect tense to describe actions that began in the past and continue in the present or that happened an unspecified time before now.
3. The past perfect tense to describe actions that were completed before something else in the past happened.
4. The present perfect continuous tense to describe actions that began in the past and continue up to the present.
5. The past perfect continuous tense to describe actions that were ongoing up until some point in the past.
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The document discusses the past perfect simple and continuous tenses in English. It provides examples of their forms, uses, and distinguishing between the simple and continuous forms. Key points include:
- The past perfect tense is used for an action that happened before another past action.
- It can be used with time expressions like "by the time".
- The difference between the simple and continuous forms is whether the action is repeated/ongoing or a single completed action.
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This document provides information about the present perfect continuous and present perfect simple tenses in English. It explains that the present perfect continuous emphasizes ongoing or unfinished past actions, while the present perfect simple emphasizes completed actions or actions with present results. Examples are given to illustrate the difference between the tenses, such as "I have done my homework" using the simple form to indicate completion versus "I have been doing homework" using the continuous to indicate an ongoing process. Common expressions used with each tense are also listed.
3 stative-verbs
This document discusses the use of stative verbs like think, have, feel, smell, taste, see, and like. It explains that some stative verbs can be used in both the simple present and continuous tenses to indicate deliberate or ongoing actions, while others are generally only used in the simple present tense to indicate mental states or perceptions. Specific examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of each verb in both simple and continuous tenses.
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This document provides a quick review of the present simple and continuous tenses in English. It discusses:
1) The spelling rules for the third person singular form of verbs in the present simple (e.g. wants, eats). Exceptions are noted for verbs ending in certain letters.
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3) Which types of "state verbs" are almost never used in the present continuous tense because they indicate permanence or mental states. These include verbs of the mind, emotions, senses, possession, and certain other verbs. Exceptions where the meaning changes are noted.
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1. Modal verbs have special grammatical properties such as not taking an -s in the third person singular and being followed by the bare infinitive form of other verbs.
2. Modal verbs are used to express abilities, permissions, obligations, advice, speculation, deduction and more. For example, "can" expresses ability, "may" expresses permission, and "must" expresses strong obligation.
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The document provides a review of present tenses in English, including the present simple and present continuous tenses. It discusses the forms, uses, and rules for each tense. The present simple is used for habits, repeated actions, facts that stay the same for a long time, and general truths. The present continuous is used for activities happening at the moment of speaking or for a limited period of time near the present. It also discusses state verbs like think, feel, see and their uses, as well as verbs of possession and certain other verbs.
Conditionals
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English:
- Zero conditional describes straightforward cause and effect or scientific truths using present simple in both clauses.
- First conditional expresses likelihood or promises using "if + present, will + infinitive".
- Second conditional expresses improbability using "if + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive".
- Third conditional expresses regret or imaginary past situations using "if + past perfect, would/could/have + past participle".
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This document provides examples and explanations of complex passive voice structures in English. It discusses passive constructions with "it is said/claimed/reported" followed by a "that" clause, verbs followed by an indirect object and infinitive or gerund, verbs like "see" and "make" followed by an object and bare infinitive, structures with "want", "like", "love" followed by an object and infinitive or gerund, verbs like "recommend" and "suggest" followed by a gerund, active verbs followed by prepositions, and the passive construction "have something done".
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The document describes a treasure hunt where the goal is to find a treasure word. It does not provide any other details about the location of clues, rules, or what the treasure word is. The reader is left to search for the single treasure word with no other context given.
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This document discusses the use of various modal verbs to express obligation, prohibition, absence of obligation, and advice. It explains that "must" expresses strong obligation or necessity, while "have to" expresses external obligation. "Mustn't" and "can't" are used to express prohibition. "Don't have to" and "needn't" express an absence of obligation. "Should" and "ought to" are used to give advice, while "had better" suggests there may be problems if something is not done. The past forms like "should have" are used to give advice about past actions.
Modal verbs
Modal verbs have special rules regarding conjugation and usage. They are used to express ability, possibility, deduction, permission and obligation. Modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, and be able to. They have no inflected forms and are followed by the bare infinitive of other verbs. Modal verbs are used to talk about abilities and skills in the present or past, express possibilities and deductions, and discuss obligations or permissions.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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