Presentations on ratios
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This document discusses various types of accounting ratios used to analyze financial statements. It defines ratios for profitability, liquidity, stability, and turnover. Specific ratios covered include gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, return on capital employed, return on shareholders' funds, return on equity shareholders' funds, return on total assets, and earnings per share. Current, quick, and super quick ratios are defined as liquidity ratios. The document notes that accounting ratios simplify financial statements, facilitate comparisons, and help with planning, but also have limitations when used alone without a comparative study.
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Chapter 7 ror analysis for a single alternative
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2. ROR is the interest rate that makes the net present value of a project's cash flows equal to zero. Multiple ROR values can exist if the cash flows change sign more than once.
3. External ROR removes the assumption that positive cash flows are reinvested at the project's ROR by considering external borrowing and investment rates. It can be calculated using the modified internal rate of return or return on invested capital approaches.
Valuation and capital budgeting for the levered firm
1. The three approaches for valuation with leverage are the adjusted present value (APV), flow to equity (FTE), and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approaches.
2. The APV approach values a project by calculating the net present value (NPV) of unlevered cash flows plus the present value of financing tax shields.
3. The FTE approach discounts levered cash flows to equity holders at the cost of equity.
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Chapter 8 ror analysis for multiple alternatives
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Ratio Analysis.pptx
This document discusses various types of financial ratios used in ratio analysis. It defines ratio analysis as a technique used to interpret financial statements and help with decision making. It then covers different types of ratios including liquidity ratios, activity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, market test ratios, and leverage ratios. For each type of ratio, it provides examples of specific ratios calculated like current ratio, inventory turnover ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, return on equity, and capital gearing ratio. It also explains how to calculate and interpret each ratio.
Ratio Analysis
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Profitibility ratio By- Deepak Madan (M.com, B.ed)
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This document discusses various types of financial ratios used for ratio analysis. It defines ratio analysis as a technique used to analyze and interpret financial statements to help with decision making. It then covers different types of ratios including liquidity ratios, activity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, and market test/valuation ratios. Specific ratios discussed include current ratio, quick ratio, inventory turnover ratio, debt-equity ratio, return on equity, earnings per share, and others. The document provides formulas and explanations for calculating and interpreting these various financial ratios.
Cost accounting
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Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis involves calculating and comparing mathematical relationships between financial statement items to evaluate performance and financial health. Key types of ratios include profitability ratios, which measure operating efficiency and returns, turnover ratios that assess asset utilization, and solvency or financial ratios that gauge risk. Ratio analysis provides advantages like forecasting ability, managerial control, and facilitating comparison. Limitations include practical knowledge requirements and accuracy of financial information. Ratios can be classified by financial statement, user, relative importance, or purpose.
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This document discusses the preparation of statement of sources and application of funds (fund flow statement) and cash flow statement. It explains the classification of assets and liabilities, preparation of schedules for changes in working capital and adjusted profit and loss account. It also discusses the derivation of cash from operations by making adjustments to funds from operations for changes in working capital.
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The document discusses various ratios used to analyze the financial position and performance of a company. It provides the profit and loss account and balance sheet of a company, showing revenues of 1120, profits of 60, assets of 800. It then defines key ratios like return on assets (14%), return on equity (16.6%), current ratio (1.33), and debt-to-equity. The document outlines how these ratios can be used to evaluate margins, asset usage, financial leverage, liquidity, and debt levels.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Presentations on ratios
- 1. SUBMITTED BY ANKIT KOCHAR SUBMITTED TO CA. SONAM RAI
- 2. RELATIONSHIP EXPRESSED IN MATHEMATICAL TERMS IN FIGURES WHICH ARE CONNECTED IN SOME MANNER
- 4. GROSS PROFITABILITY RATIO= GROSS PROFIT /(SALES- SALES RETURN) NET PROFIT= NET PROFIT/ (SALES- SALES RETURN) RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED=NET OPERATING PROFIT BEFORE INTEREST AND TAX/ TOTAL CAPITAL EMPLOYED RETURN ON SHARE HOLDERS FUND= (NET PROFIT AFTER INTEREST AND TAX/ SHAREHOLDERS’ FUND) * 100
- 5. RETURN ON EQUITY SHARE HOLDERS FUND= (NET PROFIT AFTER INTEREST, TAX , AND PREFERENCE DIVIDEND/EQUITY SHARE HOLDERS FUND)*100 RETURN ON TOTAL ASSETS= (NET PROFIT AFTER TAX/TOTAL ASSETS)*100 EARNING PER SHARE= NET PROFIT AFTER TAX AND PREFERENCE DIVIDEND/ NUMBER OF EQUITY SHARES
- 6. STOCK TURN OVER RATIO= (COST OF GOODS SOLD DURING THE YEAR/AVERAGE INVENTORY)
- 7. LIQUIDITY RATIOS- TERMED AS WORKING CAPITAL RATIO. IT DEFINES THE WORKING CAPITAL REQUIRED TO RUN DAY TO DAY OPERATIONS STABILITY- HELPS IN DETERMINING THE LONG TERM SOLVENCY OF A FIRM .
- 8. CURRENT RATIOS= CURRENT ASSET/ CURRENT LIABILITY QUICK RATIO= (CURRENT ASSETS – INVENTORY)/CURRENT LIABILITY SUPER QUICK RATIO=(CASH AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES)/CURRENT LIABILITY
- 9. FIXED ASSET RATIO=FIXED ASSET/ LONG TERM FUNDS CAPITAL GEARING RATIO= FUNDS BEARING FIXED INTEREST OR FIXED DIVIDENDS/ TOTAL CAPITAL EMPLOYED DEBT- EQUITY RATIO=TOTAL LONG TERM DEBT / SHARE HOLDERS’ FUND PROPRIETARY RATIO=SHARE HOLDERS’ FUND/ TOTAL TANGIBLE ASSETS
- 10. SIMPLIFIES FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FACILITATES INTER- FIRM COMPARISON MAKES INTRA – FIRM COMPARISON POSSIBLE HELPS IN PLANNING
- 11. COMPERATIVE STUDY REQUIRED LIMITATIONS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS RATIOS ALONE ARE NOT ADEQUATE WINDOW DRESSING PROBLEMS OF PRICE LEVEL CHANGES NO FIXED STANDARDS COMPOSITE OF MANY FIGURES