effects of As toxicity on plants

1. Arsenic
generated
ROS
Lipid
Rise in lipid peroxidation reaction
releasing malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-
2-nonenal, conjugated dienes, and lipid
hydroperoxide
Carbohydrate
Accumulation of soluble sugars
Reductions in α and β amylases
Increase in acid invertases
Overexpression of sucrose phosphate
synthase and sucrose synthase genes
DNA
Strand breaks
Mutations (point/deletions)
Chromosomal aberrations
Decrease in telomere length
Inhibition of DNA repair process
Protein
Oxidation of free amino acids
Decrease in nitrate and nitrite reductase
activity
Protein carbonylation
Decline in protease activity
Reduction in stomatal
conductance
Suppression of ATP synthesis
Imbalance in nutrient uptake
Reduces growth and
productivity
Decrease in photosynthesis
Suppression in biomass
Reduction in
stress
responsive
genes
Increase in
membrane
leakiness
Wilting,
curling, and
necrosis of
leaf blades
Decline in
number, area
and water
potential of
leaves