The document discusses contraception and its relation to psychology. It outlines different contraceptive methods like birth control pills and IUDs that can prevent unwanted pregnancies and help with behavior changes, but also have side effects. The emergency contraception pill can prevent pregnancies if taken within 3 days of unprotected sex. While abortion can terminate pregnancies from rape or assault, it is commonly used by unmarried and younger women. Improving access to contraception and maternal healthcare can help address challenges like maternal death and unsafe abortions.
PPD is similar to clinical depression.it is not only prevalent among women but also in men. sufferers are not alone and they can prevent this by talk, talk and talk.
Postpartum blues includes an array of psychiatric manifestations occurring in the period of post-partum, due to hormonal imbalance. Knowing in detail will help for quicker diagnosis and better outcomes.
Prepared in December, 2017.
Women’s Health Issues You Should Watch Out ForIsabella
Although both men and women share similar health concerns, some issues specifically threaten women’s health. In view of the male and female biological differences, some health concerns like heart attacks and depression are higher in women than in men.
Erectile Dysfunction is larger health problems for men. It can be solved with some natural pills or other solutions. These pills are helps to recover from Erectile Dysfunction.
Substance abuse - Signs and Symptoms & Treatment over dependence CLINICAL TOX...Dr. Ebenezer Abraham
This topic is taken from the Pharm.D (Doctor of Pharmacy) 4th Year, Subject (Clinical Toxicology) which describes the signs and symptoms and treatment over dependence of SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Tazzle works well over impotence. The weekend pill is composed of Tadalafil. Know how often men must ejaculate. Also know the role of medicine Tazzle in men’s sex life.
In this first session of From The Heart, participants were introduced to program leader Terri Hall, APRN. Cardiologist Vaughn Payne, M.D., spoke about the risks and facts of heart disease, the No. 1 killer of men and women in the United States.
PPD is similar to clinical depression.it is not only prevalent among women but also in men. sufferers are not alone and they can prevent this by talk, talk and talk.
Postpartum blues includes an array of psychiatric manifestations occurring in the period of post-partum, due to hormonal imbalance. Knowing in detail will help for quicker diagnosis and better outcomes.
Prepared in December, 2017.
Women’s Health Issues You Should Watch Out ForIsabella
Although both men and women share similar health concerns, some issues specifically threaten women’s health. In view of the male and female biological differences, some health concerns like heart attacks and depression are higher in women than in men.
Erectile Dysfunction is larger health problems for men. It can be solved with some natural pills or other solutions. These pills are helps to recover from Erectile Dysfunction.
Substance abuse - Signs and Symptoms & Treatment over dependence CLINICAL TOX...Dr. Ebenezer Abraham
This topic is taken from the Pharm.D (Doctor of Pharmacy) 4th Year, Subject (Clinical Toxicology) which describes the signs and symptoms and treatment over dependence of SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Tazzle works well over impotence. The weekend pill is composed of Tadalafil. Know how often men must ejaculate. Also know the role of medicine Tazzle in men’s sex life.
In this first session of From The Heart, participants were introduced to program leader Terri Hall, APRN. Cardiologist Vaughn Payne, M.D., spoke about the risks and facts of heart disease, the No. 1 killer of men and women in the United States.
Maternal Mental Health: CA Department of Public Health Nov 6, 2014Joy Burkhard
Maternal Mental Health is an underground health crisis impacting women, infants and families. This presentation was provided Nov. 6 2014 to the California Department of Public Health and discusses symptoms, risk factors and prevalence; impact on child development, why providers don't routinely screen/diagnose and treat, and what we can do to collectively change this course.
A discussion of women's health issues over age 40 including fertility, infertility, family planning, contraception, PMS, menopause, hormones, urinary incontinence, and osteoporosis, and cancer for the Illuminate women's luncheon.
Every woman should be thinking about her health whether or not she is planning pregnancy. One reason is that about half of all pregnancies are not planned. Unplanned pregnancies are at greater risk of preterm birth and low birth weight babies. Another reason is that, despite important advances in medicine and prenatal care, about 1 in 8 babies is born too early. Researchers are trying to find out why and how to prevent preterm birth. But experts agree that women need to be healthier before becoming pregnant. By taking action on health issues and risks before pregnancy, you can prevent problems that might affect you or your baby later.
Women live over half of their life after menopause, but what was a transition viewed with dread can now be managed, and women are leading vibrant and rewarding lives, through and after menopause. This presentation helps women learn how to feel like themselves through the midlife transition and beyond.
7. Facing the Challenges Maternal Death Unsafe Abortion Improve Maternal Health Family Planning
8. Summary Leading cause of death Financial Resources Education Improve Global Women's Health
Editor's Notes
When women are without contraception most women resort to an abortion or emergency contraception pill (ECP), which, has mental side effects on women. The more abortions that women have, the higher their chances of depression or mental problems. Currently there are only a few states that provide freecontraception to women will help with psychological problems reduce abortion rate, and emergency pill.
Women should receive free contraception or reduced cost for contraception, in addition, why insurance companies should pay the cost if women are paying a monthly fee to insurance companies. Contraception should not be labeled for just preventing childbirth because studies have shown that contraception can help prevent mood disorder, personality, and behavior issues, and depression among other things. The positive and negative effects of using contraception like weight gain, hair loss, and it may not help with their depression depending on how severe the case is (Vemuri&Williams 2011). When women are without contraception most women resort to an abortion or emergency contraception pill (ECP), which, has mental side effects on women. The more abortions that women have, the higher their chances of depression or mental problems. Currently there are only a few states that provide free contraception and only few insurance companies that pay for contraception. Thus, the hypothesis is whether providing free contraception to women will help with psychological problems reduce abortion rate, and emergency pill.
Contraception is the use of any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy from occurring in a sexually active woman, it may also be referred to as family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, or contraception; birth control methods are designed either to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus . The problem is contraception is not given out free to women for preventing pregnancy. Some insurance opt to pay for certain contraception. Most insurance companies do pay for contraception, depending on whichstate women exist in and the type of contraception used. Most women work because they want to get preventative care from the insurance company. Currently there are only a few states that require insurance companies to pay for birth control. What insurance companies fail to understand is contraception can help with mental issues women may go through before they get their menstrual cycle. Planned Parenthood Federation of America is one foundation trying to get free contraception for women because Planned Parenthood sees the need for it. In this paper information will be provided to see why contraception plays a big part in women’s life as a mental standpoint and how psychologist have shown that women have behavioral changes when on or off contraception. Contraception has a big part in women’s life when trying to prevent unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and the overuse of ECP as well as behavior and personality issue women can develop after using ECP, getting an abortion (Robinson, Stotland, Russo, Lang & Occhiogrosso, 2009). The subject to discuss is the side effects of abortion and emergency pills. This issue can be resolved with just a sign of a pen with the new health care reform. Studies show that not all women are helped while using contraception due because of the side effects it has on them. Women with unwanted pregnancies are more likely to suffer from a number of co- occurring life stressors, including childhood adversity, relationship problems, exposure to violence, financial problems, and poor coping capacity, all of which contribute to emotional distress. These factors increase the risk of poor mental health, whether or not a woman has an abortion (Robinson et al. 2009). You need to provide your source for this information. That sounds like another hypothesis to me! If you had pursued this, it would refined your paper even more. Be careful not to render too much of your personal opinion here as that is not part of the lit review. As well as the psychological issues you mentioned previously. As I said, I think you have tackled too much here.
Studies have shown that association between an abortion and subsequent symptoms of anxiety and depression. Substance use, suicidal behavior, and prior behavioral difficulties (symptoms of conduct and oppositional defiant disorder) in childhood and adolescence have been found to be positively related with obtaining an abortion. A recent study in a nationally representative United States sample collected between 1990 and 1992 supported these findings by identifying a relation between abortion and mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Outpatient mental health services use and hospital admission rates for psychiatric reasons are higher in women who have undergone abortion, compared with different samples of women who have not had abortions. The directionality of the relation between abortion and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, mental illness remains unclear. Several studies have found pre-abortion symptomatology to be significantly associated with having an abortion and also with post-abortion mental problems (Mota, Burnett & Sareen, 2010). The American psychological association task force on mental health and abortion reached a similar conclusion in recent reports, at least among women who have had only one abortion. Both depression symptoms and general anxiety have been found to be lower post-abortion than before the abortion occurred. Further, these rates were deemed comparable with those in general population samples. Null findings between abortion, depression, and anxiety have also been described. In line with these findings, major et al. found in their longitudinal study that only a very small percentage of women met DSM-III-R criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder two years after the abortion. Similarly, Steinberg and Russo found no relation between abortion, and PTSD, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorder in two nationally representative datasets when several covariates were taken into account. One of these important covariates was violence, which was also found to render the relation between abortion and depression non-significant in a study by Taft and Watson." Finally, in a large sample of women experiencing an unplanned pregnancy, no association was found between abortion and non-psychotic mental illness based on diagnoses made with the ICD (Mota et al. 2010). Major depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia, agoraphobia without panic, generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, PTSD, social phobia, specific phobia, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and drug dependence were investigated in this study. Summary variables were also created to form any mood, anxiety, disruptive behavior, substance use, eating disorder, and mental disorder variables. Owing to the relatively small number of cases of individual eating disorders, psychologist examined only a summary variable consisting of anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. Agreement between the WMH-CIDI and diagnoses made by clinicians using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ranged from moderate to good for most mental disorders (Mota et al. 2010). Provide the citation here. For instance, A recent study (Hardy, 2011).
Unintended pregnancy, particularly in young women, is an ongoing global problem (Cleland, 2009). Worldwide, nearly one fourth of all pregnancies end in abortion (WHO, 2007). The number of unintended pregnancies in the United States and Europe is highest among women 18 to 24 years old (International Planned Parenthood Federation, 2009). Several studies have documented the negative outcomes for young women associated with unintended pregnancies, including an increased number of abortions, depression, and decreased quality of life (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 2006). Emergency contraceptive pills are indicated to prevent undesired pregnancy after non-consensual sexual intercourse (ACOG, 2005). A large body of literature documents that ECPs are a safe and effective form of birth control (WHO, 1998), well suited to the developmental needs of many young people because advanced planning is not required (Gordon, 1990). Additionally, they are increasingly available worldwide (Weisberg & Fraser, 2009), including in most pharmacies in the United States (Harris, 2006) (Beaulieu, Kools, Kennedy & Humphreys 2011). The study that has explored couple dynamics in relation to ECP decision making included women of various reproductive ages, and it found that men's dominance in decision making, pressure for sex, and a strong desire by the man to avoid pregnancy were associated with ECP use (Harper, Minnis, ErPadian, 2003). However, this study, which makes good use of a secondary analysis of data, was limited by only one measure of ECPs ever used, and the data were collected at a time when access to ECPs was limited (1995-1998). A more recent study conducted in the United Kingdom (Bayley, Brown, & Wallace, 2009) explored teens' beliefs about ECPs and found that men wanted to communicate their wishes to their partners regarding ECP use, they were inhibited by the possibility of men perceived as applying pressure. Some women participants validated their concerns they construed a man's request to his partner for ECP use to be a display of selfishness. Additional influences of this nature, both explicit and alarming may also be significant to young adult couples' ECP decision-making (Beaulieu et al. 2011).
Improved continuation of oral contraceptive use may decrease the incidence of unintended pregnancy. Therefore, identifying predictors of continuation is important to informing targeted interventions. Abortion is a fact in the lives of many women. The World Health Report 20051 estimates that approximately 211 million pregnancies occur worldwide each year; 46 million end in induced abortion. The 40% of these abortions are performed in unsafe conditions, resulting in 68,000 maternal deaths. In the United States, approximately 1.3 million of the six million pregnancies each year end in induced abortion. Approximately 20% of American women of child- bearing age have already had an abortion; it is estimated that one out of three American women will have had one by age 45.2 (Robinson et al. 2009). If contraception is provided to women at childbearing age it is less likely women have to result in getting abortion. With the high number of women getting an abortion it should be a clear sign that women should be provided with some type of contraception. As years pass by it seems the young women are when having sex. Because of the pressure they are getting from television, friends, and life it is self. Getting an abortion can come with different effect to women which are never disclosed in January 1992, by a commentary by Nada Scotland entitled “The Myth of the Abortion Trauma Syndrome,” which, concluded that no scientific evidence supported the existence of a psychiatric diagnostic entity related to induced abortion. Since that time, the literature on the subject has grown; with articles variously concluding that abortion either does or does not cause mental health problems. The existence of an “abortion trauma syndrome” has again been postulated in addition to “post-abortion depression and psychosis.” These “syndromes” (not recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association) in addition to other claims about mental health effects, have been used as a rationale for changes in United States public policy, both nationally and in individual states—for example, by requiring physicians to inform patients about the increase their risk of depression and suicidal after having an abortion (Robinson et al. 2009).
According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates from 2000, approximately 530,000 women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, and >10 million suffer long-term disability. A recent publication, however; uses modeling to estimate maternal mortality from 1980 to 2008 and estimates 342,900 deaths in 2008, down from 526,300 in 1980.3 Although the exact number of maternal deaths is not known, by all accounts the figure is unacceptably high. The leading direct causes of maternal mortality are hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, obstructed labor, and hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, and indirect causes include anemia, HIV, and malaria. The vast majority of these deaths take place in the developing world, where women suffer a high risk of death and disability with each pregnancy, and because of high fertility rates, are exposed to many pregnancies in their lifetime. Access to comprehensive family planning in the developing world could prevent 142,000 maternal deaths and save 1.4 million infants (Lester, Benfiel & Fathalla, 2011).Family planning can decrease the number of times a woman is exposed to the chance of death in pregnancy overall and prevent particularly high-risk pregnancies—those that happen too young, too close together, too old and those that are not desired and therefore, led to unsafe abortion or lack of care-seeking behavior in pregnancy . For individuals, access to family planning can help achieve the fundamental human right to choose the number and timing of children, overcome traditional gender roles, help girls stay in school longer, improve maternal health, and allow women to join the labor force. Family planning programs that include condoms, and family planning can decrease vertical transmission by preventing unwanted pregnancies in HIV-positive women. Family planning programs can also decrease infertility by offering dual protection to women who are at risk for pregnancy. Accessing family planning services. Family planning providers can be reluctant to provide services to young or unmarried women, and misinformation can lead to unwarranted fears and myths about contraceptive methods or side effects. There continues to be a large documented unmet need for family planning; however with 200 million women world- wide wishing to delay or avoid pregnancy but not using a reliable method of contraception (Lester et al. 2011).
Women’s health is closely linked to a nation’s level of development with the leading causes of death in women in resource-poor nations attributable to preventable causes. To do this, political will and financial resources must be dedicated to developing and evaluating a scalable approach to strengthen health systems, support community-based programs, and promote widespread campaigns to address gender inequality, including promoting girls’ education. The millennium development goals have highlighted the importance of addressing maternal health and promoting gender equality for the overall development strategy of a nation. We must capitalize on the momentum created by this and other international campaigns and continue to advocate for comprehensive strategies to improve global women’s health (Lester et al. 2010).
