This document discusses part-of-speech (POS) tagging for the Marathi language. It describes POS tagging as assigning lexical class tags like noun, verb, or adjective to each word. The document outlines the need for Marathi POS tagging, common methods like rule-based and statistical approaches, and the architecture of the presented Marathi POS tagger. Experimental results demonstrate assigning tags based on bit patterns. Advantages include aiding other NLP tasks. Limitations involve ambiguity and the system only handling single sentences. Applications are listed as information retrieval and machine translation.

1. Guided By,
Mrs. Gauri M. Dhopavkar
Presented By,
Ritikesh Bhaskarwar Vimal Shah
Ashwin Borkar Shashil Pohankar

2. Department of ComputerTechnology
YESHWANTRAO CHAVAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
Nagpur
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University)

3. Natural language processing
 Natural language processing (NLP) is a
field of computer science, artificial
intelligence, and linguistics concerned
with the interactions between computers
and human (natural) languages.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the
computerized approach to analysing text
that is based on both a set of theories and
a set of technologies

5. POS Tagging :
 Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging is the
process of assigning a part-of-speech like
noun, verb, pronoun or other lexical class
marker to each word in a sentence.
 After POS tags are identified, the next
step is chunking, which involves dividing
sentences into non-overlapping non-
recursive phrases.

6. ते फू ल खूप
सुगंधी
आहे
Marathi POS
Tagger
ते-unidentified
फू ल-noun
खूप-adjective
सुगंधी-
adjective
आहे-verb
THE POSTAGGING EXAMPLE

7. Need of Marathi POS Tagging :
 Lack of significant tools for Indian
languages
 Dependence of other NLP activities on
POS tagging
 Failure of existing techniques on Indian
Languages

8. Overview of
POS tagging

9. Methods for POSTagging
1.Rule Based 2.Stochastic
 The rule based POS tagging
models apply a set of hand
written rules and use
contextual information to
assign POS tags to words.
 A stochastic approach
includes frequency,
probability or statistics. The
simplest stochastic
approach finds out the most
frequently used tag for a
specific word in the
annotated training data and
uses this information to tag
that word in the
unannotated text.

10. Methods for POSTagging
(cntd.)
3. Hiden Markov Model 4. Maximum Entropy Model
 The HMM model trains on
annotated corpora to find
out the transition and
emission probabilities
 The Maximum Entropy
Model (MEM) is based on
the principle of Maximum
Entropy, which states that
when choosing between a
number of different
probabilistic models for a
set of data, the most valid
model is the one which
makes fewest arbitrary
assumptions about the
nature of the data

11. Architecture and Design :
 Marathi sentence is taken as input , then
the tokens are created followed by
tagging and finding ambiguity.
TOKENIZING TAGGING FINDING
AMBIGUOUS
WORDS
FINDING
PROBABILITY
ASSIGN TAGS
ACCORDING TO
PROBABILITY
VIEW THE
RESULT
INPUT

12. Detail of Identified Module :
 Tokenizer :This module is used to get the
tokens of the input sentence.Also, calls
the other modules when required.
 Tagging :These modules is used for
assigning certain tags to tokens and also
search for ambiguous words and also find
their types and assign some special
symbols to them.

13. Details of identified modules (cntd.)
 Root word : This module is used for
finding the root word of each token
finding it from the Marathi wordnet.
 Probability : This module calculates the
probability and accordingly assigns the tag,
according to the higher probability of
word.
• Showing the results :This module shows
the result.The words are shown with
tags.

14. Experimentation and Results :
1.
• 1000: If first bit is 1, then we assign a tag as a noun to
the particular word.
• 1100: In this case, the word can be used as both
unidentified.
2.
• 0100: If second bit is 1, then we assign a tag as an
adjective to the particular word.
• 0110: In this case, the word can be used as other
words.
3.
• 0010: If third bit is 1, then we assign a tag as an adverb
to the particular word.
• 0001: If fourth bit is 1, then we assign a tag as a verb
to the particular word.

15. Advantages :
 A POS tagger can be seen as a first-step
towards tightening the integration
between speech recognition and natural
language processing.
 A POS tagger in the language model aids
in the identification of boundary tones and
speech repairs, redefining the speech
recognition problem.

16. Advantages (cntd.):
 A typical NLP system consists of
tokenization, sentence delimitation, part-of-
speech (POS) tagging, phrase chunking,
parsing, and concept mapping. As one of the
initial steps, POS tagging determines the part
of speech for each token in a sentence.
 Managers, educators, Trainers, Sales people
are able to accurately assess the needs of a
group, improves questioning techniques thus
improving their skills to achieve more
consistent results.

17. Limitations :
 User Cannot enter more than one sentence
i.e. cannot enter paragraph.
 It is not able to detect and report the gender
of the word i.e. Morphological analysis in
not done.
 When ambiguity is encountered it is
searched for the POS of the ambiguous word
if it contains less or no word with the correct
POS and there are more number of words for
other POS then it shows incorrect POS for
the ambiguous word.

18. Applications :
 Information Retrieval
 Speech synthesis
 Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD)
 Machine Translation (MT)
-Text to Text
-Speech to Speech

19. Snapshots

23. Conclusion and Future Scope :
 The POS tagger described here is very
simple and efficient for automatic tagging,
but the morphological complexity of the
Marathi make it hard.The performance of
the current system is good and result
achieved by this method are excellent. In
future we wish to improve the accuracy
our system by adding more tagged
sentence in our training corpus.