SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COLLEGE BUILDING

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018
“Seismic Analysis and Design of Bearys Pharmacy College Building for
Sufficiency and Recommending Suitable Retrofitting”
PROJECT WORK PHASE-1
Presentation on:
Presented By:
ABDUL MANNAN ZAKEER 4BP21CV400
MOHAMMED AHAMADUL MAHMOOD 4BP21CV402
MOHAMMAD HASHIM .M 4BP21CV403
NOHA SHELDEN D’SOUZA 4BP21CV405
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BEARYS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Mangalore:574153
DR. PURUSHOTHAMA C.T.
Professor, Department of Civil Engg
GUIDE
Under the guidance of
1

2. CONTENTS:
Bearys Institute Of Technology, Dept Of Civil Engineering
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INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
EXPECTED OTCOME
EXECUTION PLAN
REFRENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
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4. What is an earthquake and what are the effects
of earthquakes?
 An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often caused by the
movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface.
 This movement releases energy in the form of seismic waves, resulting in the
shaking or displacement of the Earth's crust.
 The effects of earthquakes can vary widely depending on factors such as
magnitude, depth, distance from the epicenter, and local geological conditions.
 Common earthquake effects include ground shaking, surface rupture, and
displacement.
 Additionally, earthquakes can trigger secondary hazards like landslides, tsunamis,
and liquefaction, further contributing to their impact on communities and the
environment.
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5. Bearys Institute Of Technology, Dept Of Civil Engineering
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Earthquake Zonal Map

6. Great Earthquakes in the World:
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7. Great Earthquake in India:
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8. Necessity of Analyzing Existing Buildings for
Earthquakes:
 Safety Assessment: Ensuring the safety of occupants is the primary concern. Analyzing buildings helps identify
potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses that could compromise the structure during an earthquake.
 Risk Mitigation: Earthquakes pose a significant risk to buildings, especially in seismic-prone regions. Analyzing
existing structures helps in assessing the level of risk and implementing measures to mitigate potential damage.
 Building Code Compliance: Many regions have building codes and standards specifically designed to address
seismic risks. Analyzing existing buildings ensures compliance with these codes, which are continuously updated
based on the latest seismic research and engineering practices.
 Structural Integrity Verification: Analyzing existing structures allows engineers to verify the structural integrity of the
building. This includes assessing the adequacy of materials, design, and construction methods to withstand seismic
forces.
 Retrofitting Opportunities: Through analysis, engineers can identify opportunities for retrofitting or strengthening
existing buildings to enhance their earthquake resistance. Retrofitting measures may include adding bracing,
strengthening foundations, or using advanced materials.
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9. Necessity of Analyzing Existing Buildings for
Earthquakes:
 Enhancing Public Confidence: Regular analysis and assessment of existing buildings contribute to public
confidence in the safety of the built environment. This is particularly crucial in areas where earthquakes are frequent.
 Insurance and Liability Considerations: Building owners may need earthquake insurance, and insurers often
require assessments of a building's seismic risk. Analyzing existing structures aids in determining insurance
premiums and liability.
 Support for Urban Planning: Analyzing existing buildings is crucial for urban planners to make informed decisions
about land use and development in seismic-prone areas. It contributes to the overall resilience of a city or region.
 Early Warning Systems Development: Understanding the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings is crucial for
developing effective early warning systems, allowing for timely evacuation and emergency response planning.
 Contribution to Research and Development: Analyzing existing buildings offers valuable data for researchers and
engineers to enhance earthquake-resistant design methods and construction techniques. Insights gained from past
earthquakes inform future building practices.
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10. Different Methods of Retrofitting:
 Column Jacketing: Strengthening existing columns by adding a reinforced concrete
jacket around them. This increases the column's load-carrying capacity and ductility.
 Shear Wall Addition: Introducing new shear walls to improve lateral stability and
resistance to earthquake loads. Shear walls can be strategically placed to enhance the
building's overall structural integrity.
 Bracing Systems: Adding diagonal bracing or using eccentric bracing systems to improve
the building's resistance to lateral loads. Bracing systems can be installed externally or
internally, depending on the building's configuration.
 Base Isolation: Installing base isolators between the foundation and superstructure to
decouple the building from ground motion during an earthquake. This method reduces the
transfer of seismic forces to the structure.
 Carbon Fiber Reinforcement: Applying carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) to
strengthen and retrofit structural elements like beams and columns. CFRP materials are
lightweight and provide high tensile strength.
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11. Different Methods of Retrofitting:
 Steel Plate Bonding: Attaching steel plates to existing structural members to augment their
load-bearing capacity and ductility. This method is commonly used for strengthening beams
and columns.
 Foundation Retrofitting: Strengthening the foundation to enhance its ability to support
vertical and lateral loads. This may involve underpinning, adding piles, or other techniques
to reinforce the foundation.
 Damping Systems: Installing damping devices to absorb and dissipate energy during
seismic events. This mitigates the building's response to ground motion, thereby improving
its overall seismic performance.
 Soft Story Retrofit: Fortifying weak or soft stories in a building by incorporating bracing,
shear walls, or other structural elements. Retrofitting soft stories is essential for enhancing
overall building stability.
 Reinforcement with High-Strength Materials: Using high-strength materials, such as
high-strength concrete or high-strength steel, to reinforce existing structural elements and
enhance their load-bearing capacity.
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12. OBJECTIVES:
 To analyze the existing building for gravity load and
earthquake load by STAAD Pro.
 To design the columns of the existing building for gravity load
and earthquake load using STAAD Pro.
 To compare STAAD Pro Results with existing building design
details.
 To suggest retrofitting methods for deficient members.
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13. SL.
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JOURNAL AUTHORS TOPIC SUMMARY
1. AIJREAS
(ISSN-2455-6300)
VOLUME 2, ISSUE
7 (2017, JULY)
Eraboina Lalitha,
Dr. MD.Subhan
Seismic Analysis
And Design of
Residential
Building
• Various seismic data are necessary to carry out the seismic
analysis of the structures in this study the seismic response of
the structures is investigated under earthquake excitation
expressed in the form of member forces, joint displacement,
support reaction and story drift.
• The response is investigated for g+7 building structures by
using STAAD PRO designing software.
• We observed the response reduction of cases ordinary
moment resisting frame.
• In this case we have taken earthquake zone 2, response factor 3
for ordinary moment resisting frame and importance factor 1.
• Initially we started with the designing of simple 2 dimensional
frames and manually checked the accuracy of the software with
our results.
• Then according to the specified criteria assigned it analyses the
structure and designs the members with reinforcement details
for G+7 residential building RCC frames
LITERATURE REVIEW:
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1. • In the earthquake resistant design of G+7 RC framed building the
steel quantity increased by 1.517% to the convention concrete
design. The steel quantity increased in the structure ground floor to
higher floor i.e G+7 level of the structure.
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15. SL.N
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JOURNAL AUTHORS TOPIC SUMMARY
2. IOP Conference
Series: Earth
and
Environmental
Science - 2023
S. Suresh
Kannan
Seismic
Analysis of
Soft Storey
Building in
Earthquake
Zones
• In this paper (G+8) building is modeled like a bare frame, a bare
frame with the shear wall, and a bare frame with X bracing by
changing the soft storey to different floors.
• The static analysis effect is determined for all three models with zone
IV and zone V using Staad pro-V8i software.
• The results of variable building models are obtained from the
research regarding various parameters such as displacement, storey
drift, and base shear.
• More significantly, comparing different structural systems revealed a
reduction in lateral displacement and story drift.
• The shear wall reduced the Storey Displacement by 98.838% and
storey drift by 99.86%.
• The Steel bracing reduced the Storey Displacement by 97.846 % and
storey drift by 92.6%.
• Finally, it has been found that the Shear wall reduces lateral
displacement and storey drift, thus significantly contributing to greater
structural stiffness.
• The analysis results recommended that the shear wall use reinforced
concrete frames for the seismic hazard zones and the Steel bracing
recommended for the low seismic zones.
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JOURNAL AUTHORS TOPIC SUMMARY
3. IJSDR, Volume 1,
Issue 6
June 2016
Mr. Pathan
Irfan Khan,
Mrs. N.R.
Dhamge
Seismic Analysis
of
Multistoried RCC
Building Due To
Mass
Irregularity
• In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass
irregularity at different floor level are carried out.
• This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different
floor in RCC buildings with as Response Spectrum analysis was
performed on regular and various irregular buildings using Staad-
Pro.
• Many of the studies have shown seismic analysis of the RCC
structures with different irregularities such as mass irregularity,
stiffness and vertical geometry irregularity.
• Whenever a structure having different irregularity, it is necessary
to analyse the building in various earthquake zones.
• From many past studies it is clear that effect of earthquake on
structure can be minimize by providing shear wall, base isolation
etc.
• The lateral displacement of the building is reduced as the
percentage of irregularity increase.
• As the percentage of vertical irregularity increases, the story drift
reduces and go on within permissible limit as clause no. 7.11.1 of
IS 1893-2002 (Part I).
• It was found that mass irregular building frames experience
larger base shear than similar regular building frames.
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JOURNAL AUTHORS TOPIC SUMMARY
4. 13th World
Conference on
Earthquake
Engineering,
01-06 August
2004,
Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada
B.G. Birajdar,
S.S. Nalawade
Seismic
Analysis of
Buildings
Resting on
Sloping
Ground
• Results from seismic analyses performed on 24 RC buildings with
three different configurations like, Step back building, Step back Set
back building and Set back building are presented.
• 3 –D analysis including torsional effect has been carried out by using
response spectrum method.
• The dynamic response properties i.e. fundamental time period, top
storey displacement and, the base shear action induced in columns
have been studied with reference to the suitability of a building
configuration on sloping ground.
• It is observed that Step back Set back buildings are found to be more
suitable on sloping ground.
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5. Journal of Soft
Computing in
Civil Engineering
1-2 (2017)
M. Ismaeil,
Kh. Elhadi,
Y. Alashker and
I. Eldin Yousef
Seismic
Analysis and
Design of a
Multi-Storey
Building
Located in
Haql City,
KSA
• To analysis design RC building located in the most active seismic
zone region in Saudi Arabia to mitigate seismic loads.
• A multi-storey reinforced concrete building, in Haql city, was
seismically analyzed and designed using the Equivalent Lateral
Force Procedure with the aid of SAP200 software.
• The chosen buildings which was Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame
(OMR), was analyzed and designed by using SBC 301 (2007) Saudi
Building Code, SAP2000 (structural analysis software) and ISACOL
"Information Systems Application on Reinforced Concrete Columns".
• The results showed that the current design of RC buildings located in
the most active seismic zone region in Saudi Arabia, Haql city was
found unsafe, inadequate and unsatisfied to mitigate seismic loads.
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6. Computers and
Structures 170
(2016) 49–61
Georgios S.
Papavasileiou,
Dimos C.
Charmpis
Seismic
design
optimization of
multi–storey
steel–concrete
composite
buildings
• This work presents a structural optimization framework for the
seismic design of multi–storey composite buildings, which have steel
HEB-columns fully encased in concrete, steel IPE-beams and steel
L-bracings.The objective function minimized is the total cost of
materials (steel, concrete) used in the structure.
• Based on Eurocodes 3 and 4, capacity checks are specified for
individual members.
• Seismic system behavior is controlled through lateral deflection and
fundamental period constraints, which are evaluated using nonlinear
pushover and eigenvalue analyses.
• The optimization problem is solved with a discrete Evolution
Strategies algorithm, which delivers cost-effective solutions and
reveals attributes of optimal structural designs.
• Designing optimal composite buildings involves unpredictable
combinations of column sections, varying steel beam sizes, and the
necessity of bracings for stability. Manual analysis is often
insufficient, requiring the use of an optimization procedure.
• Meeting constraints related to the building's fundamental period
(swaying time) significantly impacts material costs. Neglecting these
constraints may yield cheaper designs with poor vibration properties,
while adherence increases expenses for structural materials.
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7. The 5th
International
Conference of
Euro Asia Civil
Engineering
Forum (EACEF-
5) 2015
George
Georgoussisa,
Achilleas
Tsompanosa
and
Triantafyllos
Makariosb
Approximate
seismic
analysis of
multi-story
buildings
with mass and
stiffness
irregularities
• Some modern buildings have unique shapes and structures, like
setbacks and asymmetry. Current building codes classify these as
irregular structures, requiring a complex 3D analysis for earthquake
safety.
• Existing codes don't provide simple methods for engineers to assess
fundamental building frequencies or allow easy structural design
against lateral forces for such irregular buildings.
• To help engineers in the early design stages, a simplified analysis
method is introduced. It uses a formula by Southwell and the idea of
an equivalent single-story system to estimate dynamic data, such as
frequencies and forces, for setback buildings during earthquakes.
• The method's accuracy is being tested, particularly in tall buildings
with irregularities in mass or stiffness. By simplifying the analysis to
focus on single-story systems, engineers can easily create a layout
that minimizes torsional response, helping in both the elastic and
post-elastic phases of a building's response to seismic activity.
• A new method is introduced to analyze buildings with unique designs,
like asymmetric setbacks.
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7. • This method provides reasonably accurate estimates of fundamental
building properties such as periods, base shears (forces at the base),
and to some extent, twisting forces.
• The method breaks down the complex building into two simpler
models, estimating their masses and stiffness based on the building's
natural vibrations. It's particularly useful in the early design phase,
helping engineers make decisions before a detailed 3D analysis.
Additionally, it predicts a building layout that minimizes twisting during
earthquakes, ensuring that the building's response remains more or
less straight and simple.
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8. The
International
journal of
analytical and
experimental
modal
analysis
Volume XIII,
Issue XII,
December
2021
Lekkala Harish
Kumar,
V.Siva
Rajasekhar
Reddy,
N.Vijaya Kumar
Seismic Analysis And Design
of A Multi Storied Building of
(G+15) By Using Staad Pro
• The structure in focus is a reinforced concrete building with
with 15 stories (G+15). Its plan is 30m by 20m, and it's
designed as a complex frame using structural analysis
software (staad-pro).
• The building is designed to handle various loads, including
vertical ones like the weight of beams, columns, slabs
(dead load), and live loads. It also considers horizontal
loads like wind forces and seismic loads according to IS
875 standards.
• The building's design involves a two-dimensional vertical
frame. The analysis includes determining maximum and
minimum bending moments and shear forces through trial
and error methods as specified in IS 456-2000. Software
assistance is used to compute loads and obtain accurate
values for moments and shear forces.
• Various studies on planning, designing, and analyzing
structures recommend using STAAD Pro over other
software due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness in
handling both steel and concrete sections.
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8. • The analysis and design of a hospital building are
conducted using STAAD Pro, considering standard
specifications for static and dynamic loads. Tests for
bending moment, shear force, torsion, and stresses are
performed on structural elements like beams, columns,
and slabs, both theoretically and practically, concluding
that practical work provides a better understanding than
theoretical work.
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JOURNAL AUTHORS TOPIC SUMMARY
9. International
Journal of
Science and
Research
(IJSR)
Lekkala Harish
Kumar,
V.Siva
Rajasekhar
Reddy,
N.Vijaya Kumar
Study of seismic analysis of
multi-storey
building
• In this proposed study four different shapes of same area
multistorey model is generated & tested by the ETABS
under the guideline of IS-875-Part3 & IS1893- 2002-Part1.
• The behavior of 15, 30 & 45 storey building has been
studied.
• The Dynamic effects also find by Response spectrum
method.
• All the parameters like Story displacement, Story drift,
Base shear, Overturning moments, Acceleration & Time
period are calculated.
• It shows that wind effect is critical for 45 storey building &
in other hand seismic shows critical at 15 storey & 30
storey building.
• Circular shape is more stable amongst the all four shapes
in both seismic & wind effect.
• Finally conclude that wind effect is very critical than
earthquake for more than 30 storey

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10. International
Research
Journal of
Engineering
and
Technology
(IRJET)
Volume: 02
Issue: 05
Aug-2015
Mohd Atif,
Prof.
Laxmikant
Vairagade,
Vikrant Nair
Comparative Study On
Seismic Analysis Of
Multistorey Building Stiffened
With Bracing And Shear
Wall.
• The study aims to improve the earthquake resistance of a
symmetrical G+15 Ordinary RC moment-resting frame
(OMRF) structure by analyzing its behavior under seismic
forces.
• The structure is modeled using STAAD Pro.V8i software,
and seismic analysis is performed based on IS 1893 (part
1):2002 guidelines. The study focuses on evaluating the
effectiveness of earthquake-resisting features, particularly
shear walls and braced frames, in minimizing earthquake
damage.
• Results, including base shear, displacement, axial load,
moments, shear forces, and torsion, are graphically and
tabularly represented. The performance of the building is
compared under different arrangements of three types of
bracings and shear walls, aiming to identify the most
effective configuration in terms of lateral stiffness and
earthquake resistance.

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10. • Shear wall elements are very much efficient in reducing
lateral displacement of frame as drift and horizontal
deflection induced in shear wall frame are much less than
that induced in braced frame and plane frame.
• The location of shear-wall and brace member has
significant effect on the seismic response than the plane
frame.
REDUCTION OF MAXIMUML LATERAL DSLACEMENT (in
mm)
ZONE BF SW3 % REDUCTION
ZONE -II 143.817 49.041 65.90%
ZONE -III 228.391 75.721 66.85%
ZONE -IV 341.641 112.107 67.19%
ZONE -V 511.748 219.241 57.16%

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Seismic analysis of text book problem by Staad
Pro for validation
Seismic analysis and design of BPC building
Discussions and Conclusion
Understanding seismic analysis and
different load combinations
Study of existing BPC Building plan and design
details
Tabulation of staad pro results and Comparison
with the existing results.
METHODOLOGY:

28. EXPECTED OUTCOME:
To make structure earthquake resistant.
Earthquake does not kill people but non earthquake
resistant structures do
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29. EXECUTION PLAN (2023-24):
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September 15 - October 31 Introduction, Literature survey and objectives
November 01 – November 30 Study of existing plan and design details
September 15 – December 31 Seismic analysis of text book problem for validation
February 10 – March 15 Seismic analysis and design of BPC building
March 16 – March 30
Tabulation of STAAD pro results and Comparison with
the existing results.
April 01 – April 07 Discussion and conclusion
February 10 – April 15 Soft copy and hard copy of report
April 15 – April 25 Preparation of Journal paper

30.  REFERENCES:
 Eraboina Lalitha, Dr. MD. Subhan - Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering And Applied
Sciences (AIJREAS) Volume 2, Issue 7 (2017, July) (ISSN-2455-6300) Online: “Seismic Analysis and Design of
Residential Building”.
 Mohd Atif, Prof. Laxmikant Vairagade, Vikrant Nair - International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET) Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Aug-2015 e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072: “Comparative Study on Seismic
Analysis of Multistorey Building Stiffened with Bracing and Shear Wall”.
 Lekkala Harish Kumar, V.Siva Rajasekhar Reddy and N.Vijaya Kumar - The International journal of analytical and
experimental modal analysis Volume XIII, Issue XII, December/2021 ISSN NO:0886-9367: “Seismic Analysis And
Design Of A Multi Storied Building Of (G+15) By Using STAAD Pro”.
 George Georgoussisa, Achilleas Tsompanosa and Triantafyllos Makariosb - The 5th International Conference of Euro
Asia Civil Engineering Forum (EACEF-5) 2015, Procedia Engineering 125 ( 2015 ) 959 – 966: “Approximate seismic
analysis of multi-story buildings with mass and stiffness irregularities”.
 Georgios S. Papavasileiou, Dimos C. Charmpis - Computers and Structures 170 (2016) 49–61, journal homepage:
www.elsevier.com/locate/compstruc: “Seismic design optimization of multi–storey steel–concrete composite buildings”.
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31.  REFERENCES
Bearys Institute Of Technology, Dept Of Civil Engineering
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• A. A. Kale, S. A. Rasa - International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Volume 6,
Issue 3, March 2017: “Seismic & Wind Analysis of Multistory Building:“.
• S Suresh Kannan - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science – 2023, 1130(2023) 012023,
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012023 : “Seismic Analysis of Soft Storey Building in Earthquake Zones”.
• Mr. Pathan Irfan Khan, Mrs. N.R. Dhamge - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR),
ISSN: 2455-2631, Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2016: “Review Paper on Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Rcc Building Due
to Mass Irregularity”.
• B.G. Birajdar, S.S. Nalawade - 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1-6
August 2004, Paper No. 1472: “Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping Ground”.
• M. Ismaeil, Kh. Elhadi, Y. Alashker and I. Eldin Yousef - Journal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering 1-2 (2017) 35-
51: Seismic Analysis and Design of a Multi-Storey Building Located in Haql City, KSA”.

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