The document contains examples of various types of charts and graphs used to visualize data, including line graphs, pie charts, bar charts, histograms, stem-and-leaf plots, box-and-whisker plots, scatter plots, and Lorenz curves. It provides illustrations of these different graphical representations without any accompanying data or context.

1. ARRAY
2 7 8 11 15
16 18 19 19 19
23 23 24 26 27
29 33 40 44 47
49 51 54 63 68

2. SIMPLE TABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF AGES OF DCDMBS
STUDENTS
Age of student Frequency Relative frequency
19 14 0.0350
20 23 0.0575
21 134 0.3350
22 149 0.3725
23 71 0.1775
24 9 0.0225
TOTAL 400 1.0000

3. COMPOUND TABLE
COURSE
BA B Com B Sc
R Pass 37 25 33
E
S Supp 5 10 4
U
L
Fail 11 8 27
T

4. SINGLE LINE GRAPH
Line graph for ages of students
160
Number of students
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
19 20 21 22 23 24
Age

5. MULTIPLE LINE GRAPH
Multiple line graph for age distribution at academic
institutions
160
140
Number of students
120
100 UoM
80 DCDMBS
60 UTM
40
20
0
19 20 21 22 23 24
Age

6. SIMPLE PIE CHART
Distribution of students enrolled for BA, B Com and B Sc
BA
33%
B Com
40%
B Sc
27%

7. ENHANCED PIE CHART
Distribution of students enrolled for BA, B Com and B Sc
BA
33%
40% B Com
B Sc
27%

8. SIMPLE BAR CHART
Simple bar chart for age distribution of students
160
140
Number of students
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
19 20 21 22 23 24
Age

9. MULTIPLE BAR CHART
Multiple bar chart showing the results for BA, B Com and B Sc
40
35
30
25
Results
Pass
20 Supp
15 Fail
10
5
0
BA B Com B Sc
Courses

10. COMPONENT BAR CHART
Component bar chart showing the results for each course
70
60
50
Fail
Results
40
Supp
30
Pass
20
10
0
BA B Com B Sc
Courses

11. PERCENTAGE BAR CHART
Percentage bar chart showing the results for each course
100%
90%
80%
70%
Fail
Results
60%
50% Supp
40%
30% Pass
20%
10%
0%
BA B Com B Sc
Courses

12. HISTOGRAM
(EQUAL CELL WIDTH)
Histogram for grouped data
45
40
Number of workers (frequency)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
[20.5, [25.5, [30.5, [35.5, [40.5, [45.5, [50.5, [55.5,
25.5) 30.5) 35.5) 40.5) 45.5) 50.5) 55.5) 60.5)
Age group of w orkers

13. HISTOGRAM
(UNEQUAL CELL WIDTHS)
Histogram (unequal class intervals) using frequency density
1.6
1.4
1.2
Frequency density
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 20 40 60 80
Temparature (degrees Fahrenheit)

14. FREQUENCY POLYGON
(USING HISTOGRAM)
Histogram and frequency polygon for grouped data
18
16
14
12
Frequency
10
8
6
4
2
0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit)

15. FREQUENCY POLYGON
Frequency polygon for grouped data
45
Number of students (frequency)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
20.5 – 25.5 – 30.5 – 35.5 – 40.5 – 45.5 – 50.5 – 55.5 –
25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5
Age of students

16. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
(LESS THAN OGIVE)
'Less than' cumulative frequency curve for age
160
140
120
'Less than' CF
100
80
60
40
20
0
20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5
Age (upper real limits)

17. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
(MORE THAN OGIVE)
'More than' cumulative frequency ogive for age
160
140
120
'More than' CF
100
80
60
40
20
0
20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5
Age (lower real limits)

18. STEM-AND-LEAF PLOT
Stem Leaf Stem Leaf
1 7 9 1 7 9
2 2 2 2
3 8 9 3 8 9
4 5 7 4 4 4 5 7
5 3 4 5 4 1 4 5 1 3 4 4 4 5
6 6 5 6 5 6
7 6 5 2 7 2 5 6
8 4 8 4
Key 1|7 means 17

19. STEM-AND-LEAF PLOT
(BACK-TO-BACK)
Key (French) French English Key (English)
8|5 means 58 6|3 means 63
2 1 3 8
7 6 5 4 4 4 3 4 4
8 8 7 3 3 0 5 2 8 6
9 6 1 1 6 3 5 5 8 9
8 5 7 1 2 2 7 9 9
1 8 4 5

20. BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT
O
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of marks

21. BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT
(COMPARISON)
French
English
O
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of marks

22. SCATTER PLOT
Scatterplot of length of metal rod at various temperatures
6.1
6
5.9
5.8
5.7
Length
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature

23. TIME-SERIES HISTORIGRAM
Time series for annual sales of petrol
1000
900
800
700
Sales ($m)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
Year

24. LORENZ CURVE
Lorenz curve for the distribution of taxpayers
1
0.9
Line of uniform
0.8 distribution
Proportion of tax paid
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Proportion of taxpayers

25. Z-CHART