The document discusses a case study that analyzed video observation data of collaborative learning groups of students. The study aimed to define efficacious activity, explore if it can be observed, and identify what triggers students to engage in on-task activities. The researchers analyzed episodes of group work, interaction quality, and transition triggers. They found the groups were efficaciously active only half the time, and individual progress triggers most typically increased activity. Collaboration, understanding, and self-regulation were found to be important for efficacious learning.